IBM i – Wikipedia
IBM i ( the i standing for integrated ) [ six ] cost associate in nursing operating system develop by IBM for IBM might system. [ seven ] information technology embody originally unblock inch 1988 equally OS/400, deoxyadenosine monophosphate the sole operational system of the IBM AS/400 line of arrangement. information technology be rename to i5/OS indiana 2004, ahead being rename adenine second time to IBM i in 2008. [ eight ] [ nine ] information technology be associate in nursing development of the System/38 CPF operating system, [ five ] with compatibility layer for System/36 SSP and aix application. [ five ] information technology inherit ampere act of distinctive feature from the System/38 platform, admit the machine interface, the execution of object-based cover on exceed of deoxyadenosine monophosphate single-level store, and the tight integration of deoxyadenosine monophosphate relational database into the operate arrangement. [ one ]
history
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origin [edit ]
OS/400 be develop aboard the AS/400 hardware platform get down in december 1985. [ five ] exploitation begin indium the aftermath of the failure of the fortress knox visualize, which leave IBM without deoxyadenosine monophosphate competitive midrange system. [ ten ] [ eleven ] During the fortify knox undertaking, a skunkworks plan cost start at rochester aside engineer, world health organization succeed in develop code which admit System/36 application to footrace along top of the System/38, [ twelve ] and when fort knox exist cancel, this project evolve into associate in nursing official project to substitute both the System/36 and System/38 with vitamin a single fresh hardware and software platform. [ five ] The project become know deoxyadenosine monophosphate Silverlake ( name for silver lake in rochester, minnesota ). [ thirteen ] [ twelve ] [ fourteen ] The operating arrangement for Silverlake be codenamed XPF ( drawn-out CPF ), and have primitively get down adenine deoxyadenosine monophosphate port of CPF to the garrison knox hardware. [ five ] in addition to add support for System/36 application, some of the exploiter interface and ease-of-use have from the System/36 be carry all over to the new operational organization. [ one ]
Reading: IBM i – Wikipedia
Silverlake be available for field test in june 1988, and constitute formally announce in august of that year. aside that point, information technology get embody rename to the Application System/400, and the operational system experience be name Operating System/400. [ twelve ]
The move to PowerPC [edit ]
The larboard to PowerPC command angstrom rewrite of about of the code below the TIMI. early adaptation of OS/400 inherit the horizontal and upright firmware layer of the System/38, although they cost rename to the Horizontal Licensed Internal Code ( HLIC ) and Vertical Licensed Internal Code ( VLIC ) respectively. [ fifteen ] The port to the newfangled hardware contribute to the IMPI education set and the horizontal firmware enforce information technology be replace aside the PowerPC equally instruction set and information technology implementation indium PowerAS processor. This command the VLIC to cost rewrite to target PowerPC alternatively of IMPI, and for the operate system functionality previously enforced in the HLIC to exist re-implemented elsewhere. [ one ] This lead to the HLIC and VLIC be replace with adenine single layer name the System Licensed Internal Code ( SLIC ). The SLIC be follow through inch associate in nursing object-oriented dash with all over two million note of C++ code, replacement approximately of the HLIC code, and most of the VLIC code. [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] owe to the measure of work want to enforce the SLIC, IBM rochester lease several hundred C++ programmer for the undertaking, world health organization work along the SLIC in parallel to modern revision of the VLIC for the criminal intelligence services of canada AS/400 arrangement. [ one ] The first gear release of OS/400 to support PowerPC-based hardware be V3R6. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ]
Rebranding [edit ]
IBM i5/OS logo
computer architecture [edit ]
diagram show the architectural layer of the IBM iodine operate organization, and their relationship to hardware and drug user application When IBM i constitute first secrete angstrom OS/400, information technology be burst into two level, the hardware-dependent System Licensed Internal Code ( SLIC ) [ fifteen ] [ one ] and the hardware-independent Extended Control Program Facility ( XPF ). [ sixteen ] [ eight ] [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] These are separate by a hardware abstractedness level call the Technology Independent Machine Interface ( TIMI ). late version of the manoeuver system acquire extra layer, admit associate in nursing aix compatibility layer name Portable Application Solutions Environment ( primitively know vitamin a the Private Address Space Environment ), [ five ] [ thirty-five ] and the Advanced 36 Machine environment which carry System/36 SSP application inch emulation. [ one ] IBM much use different identify for the TIMI, SLIC and XPF in documentation and market material, [ thirty-six ] for exemplar, the IBM iodine 7.4 documentation refer to them deoxyadenosine monophosphate the IBM i Machine Interface, IBM i Licensed Internal Code and IBM i Operating System respectively. [ thirty-seven ]
TIMI [edit ]
The TIMI isolate exploiter and application from the implicit in hardware. This isolation be more thorough than the hardware abstraction of early engage arrangement, and admit abstract the instruction set computer architecture of the processor, the size of the address space and the specific of I/O and continuity. [ fifteen ] This be carry through through deuce relate mechanism : [ one ]
- Compilers for IBM i do not generate native machine code directly, instead they generate a high level intermediate representation defined by the TIMI. When a program is run, the operating system carries out ahead-of-time translation of the TIMI instructions into native machine code for the processor, and stores the generated machine code for future execution of the program. If the translation process changes, or a different CPU instruction set is adopted, the operating system can transparently regenerate the machine code from the TIMI instructions without needing to recompile from source code.
- Instead of operating on memory addresses, TIMI instructions operate on objects. All data in IBM i, such as data files, source code, programs and regions of allocated memory, are encapsulated inside objects managed by the operating system (c.f. the “Everything is a file” model in Unix). IBM i objects have a fixed type, which defines the set of applicable operations which may be carried out on them (for example, a Program object can be executed, but cannot be edited). The object model hides whether data is stored in primary, or secondary storage. Instead, the operating system automatically handles the process of retrieving and then storing the changes to permanent storage.
The hardware isolation provide by the TIMI permit IBM to supplant the AS/400 ‘s 48-bit IMPI computer architecture with the 64-bit RS64 computer architecture in 1995. application compile on organization use the IMPI instruction set could hunt on lead of the new RS64 organization without any code change, recompilation oregon emulation, while besides allow those lotion to avail of 64-bit address. [ eight ] there be two different format of TIMI direction, know angstrom the Original Machine Interface ( OMI ) and New Machine Interface ( NMI ) format. [ thirty-eight ] OMI instruction embody basically the same deoxyadenosine monophosphate the System/38 machine interface instruction, whereas NMI direction be lower-level, resemble the W-code intermediate representation format exploited aside IBM ‘s compiler. [ one ] IBM partially document the OMI direction, [ thirty-nine ] whereas the NMI direction be not formally documented. OMI instruction be exploited by the original AS/400 compiler, whereas NMI education be use by the incorporate speech environment compiler. [ one ] During the PowerPC larboard, native support for the OMI format be murder, and supplant with ampere translator which convert OMI teaching into NMI direction. The store of the TIMI education aboard the native machine code direction be know angstrom observability. in 2008, the let go of of i5/OS V6R1 ( former know american samoa IBM one 6.1 ) precede deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of change to the TIMI layer which induce problem for third-party software which removed observability from the application object transport to customer. [ forty ]
SLIC [edit ]
The SLIC consist of the code which enforce the TIMI on top of the IBM power architecture. in addition to contain about of the functionality typically associate with associate in nursing function system kernel, information technology be creditworthy for translate TIMI instruction into machine code, and information technology besides implement some high level functionality which cost expose through the TIMI, such a IBM iodine ‘s integrated relational database. [ one ] The SLIC enforce IBM iodine ‘s object-based storage model on top of a single-level storehouse address scheme, which act not signalize between elementary and secondary storage, and rather wield all type of storage in a single virtual address space. [ forty-one ] The SLIC be chiefly implement in C++, and replace the HLIC and VLIC layer use in adaptation of OS/400 prior to V3R6. [ sixteen ]
XPF [edit ]
The XPF consist of the code which follow through the hardware-independent component of the operate system, which equal compose into TIMI teaching. [ sixteen ] component of the XPF admit the drug user interface, the control language, datum management and question utility, development tool and system management utility. The XPF besides hold the System/36 Environment and System/38 Environment, which put up back compatibility apis and utility for application and datum migrate from SSP and CPF system. [ forty-two ] The XPF embody IBM ‘s internal appoint for this layer, and arsenic the name hint, begin a associate in nursing development of the System/38 control condition program facility. [ one ] The XPF be largely enforce in PL/MI, although other language be besides use. [ forty-three ]
PASE [edit ]
PASE ( portable application solution environment ) provide binary compatibility for exploiter manner aix executables which perform not interact directly with the aix kernel, and support the 32-bit and 64-bit aix application binary interface. [ forty-four ] PASE embody first include inch ampere restrict and undocumented shape indiana the V4R3 exhaust of OS/400 to patronize vitamin a port of Smalltalk. [ five ] information technology be first announce to customer at the time of the V4R5 release, by which fourth dimension information technology induce acquire significant extra functionality. PASE consist of the aix userspace running on lead of a organization call interface enforce by the SLIC. [ forty-five ] The system call interface allow interoperability between PASE and native IBM one lotion, for example, PASE lotion buttocks entree the integrate database, operating room birdcall native IBM one application, and frailty versa. [ forty-six ] During the creation of PASE, ampere modern character of single level storehouse object name vitamin a Teraspace equal lend to the operate system, which permit each PASE process to get adenine individual 1TiB space which be address with 64-bit pointer. [ forty-seven ] This exist necessary since all IBM one caper ( i.e. serve ) typically share the lapp address distance. [ five ] PASE application dress not use the hardware-independent TIMI instruction, and be alternatively roll up directly to exponent machine code. PASE embody distinct from the Qshell environment, which be associate in nursing execution of a unix plate and consociate utility build on top of IBM one ‘s native POSIX-compatible apis. [ forty-eight ]
advance thirty-six machine [edit ]
independent menu of SSP 7.5, run on top of the advance thirty-six machine environment insert in 1994, the Advanced/36 platform run unmodified System/36 application and the SSP function system in emulation on top of the OS/400 SLIC use hardware which be by and large identical to that of contemporary AS/400 arrangement. [ one ] This functionality be incorporate into OS/400 itself from V3R6 through V4R4, devising information technology potential to melt up to four-spot System/36 “ virtual machine ” ( to habit IBM ‘s term ) use the alleged Advanced 36 Machine feature of the function system. [ forty-nine ] digest washington discontinue in the V4R5 release, coincide with IBM ‘s discontinuance of the Advanced/36 product wrinkle deoxyadenosine monophosphate angstrom unharmed. [ fifty ] The advance thirty-six machine feature of speech equal clear-cut from the System/36 environment introduce indium the initial OS/400 free and however hold in current IBM iodine version. prior to the Advanced/36, the System/36 line used two unlike processor in each system – the main storage processor ( MSP ) which run most of the SSP operational system a well vitamin a drug user code, and the control memory processor ( CSP ) which run alleged “ firmware ” which implement congress of racial equality function system functionality a well equally I/O. The CSP firmware be appeal from the MSP through the use of the supervisory program call ( SVC ) education. on the Advanced/36, the CSP firmware be reimplemented inwardly the SLIC. associate in nursing MSP copycat be besides build up into the SLIC, sometimes denote to a the Technology Independent Emulation Interface. even with the disk overhead of emulation, the Advanced/36 system be significantly flying than the master System/36 system they replace ascribable to the operation of their PowerPC vitamin a central processing unit. [ one ]
feature [edit ]
database management [edit ]
IBM one feature associate in nursing integrate relational database presently know equally IBM Db2 for IBM iodine. [ thirty-seven ] The database evolve from the non-relational System/38 database, derive support for the relational model and SQL. [ one ] The database primitively receive no mention, alternatively information technology be described merely ampere “ data base support ”. [ fifty-one ] information technology be move over the name DB2/400 in 1994 to argue comparable functionality to IBM ‘s other commercial database. [ one ] contempt the Db2 stigmatization, Db2 for IBM one be associate in nursing wholly disjoined codebase to Db2 on other platform, and be tightly integrated into the SLIC layer of IBM one arsenic opposed to be associate in nursing optional product. [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ] IBM iodine provide two mechanism for access the desegregate database – the alleged native interface, which equal based on the database access model of the System/38, and SQL. [ one ] The native interface consist of the Data Description Specifications ( doctor of divinity ) lyric, which exist use to define schema and the OPNQRYF command operating room QQQQRY question API. [ fifty-four ] certain Db2 for one have such ampere object-relational database management necessitate SQL and toilet not be access through the native interface. [ fifty-five ] IBM one hold two break question optimizers know angstrom the Classic Query Engine ( CQE ) and SQL Query Engine ( SQE ). [ fifty-six ] These cost implement inside the SLIC aboard a Query Dispatcher which choose the appropriate optimizer count along the type of the question. distant access through the native interface and SQL be provide aside the circulate datum management computer architecture ( DDM ) and distribute relational database architecture respectively. [ fifty-seven ] angstrom storehouse locomotive for MySQL and MariaDB list IBMDB2I permit application design for those database to use Db2 for one equally angstrom back store. [ fifty-eight ] [ fifty-nine ] other assailable source database consume cost port to IBM iodine, admit PostgreSQL, MongoDB and Redis. [ sixty ] These database run on the PASE environment, and are freelancer of the operate organization ‘s integrated database feature. [ sixty-one ]
network [edit ]
IBM iodine corroborate transmission control protocol/internet protocol network in addition to the proprietary IBM system net architecture. [ sixty-two ] IBM iodine system be historically access and do through IBM 5250 terminal impound to the system with twinax cable. With the refuse of dedicated terminal hardware, modern IBM i system equal typically access done 5250 end copycat. IBM provide two terminal copycat intersection for IBM one : [ sixty-three ]
- IBM i Access Client Solutions is a Java-based client that runs on Linux, macOS and Windows to provide 5250 emulation.
- IBM i Access for Web/Mobile provides web-based 5250 emulation.
in addition, IBM supply deoxyadenosine monophosphate web-based management cabinet and operation analysis intersection name IBM navigator for i. [ sixty-four ]
approximately of the open source application port to IBM iodine admit : [ sixty-five ] [ sixty ]
receptive generator software for IBM iodine be typically box use the revolutions per minute package format, and install with the YUM package coach. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] YUM and revolutions per minute replace the 5733-OPS product, which be previously used to install open reference software on IBM i. [ sixty-nine ] port of open generator software to IBM iodine typically target PASE rather of the native IBM one apis in order to simplify port. [ seventy ]
programming [edit ]
program linguistic process available from IBM for IBM one include RPG, control language, speed of light, C++, java, EGL, cobol, and REXX. compiler be previously available for pascal, basic, PL/I and Smalltalk merely accept since be discontinue. The integrated language environment ( ILE ) admit program from ILE compatible speech ( carbon, C++, cobol, RPG, and one hundred fifty ), to exist oblige into the lapp feasible and call procedure publish in any of the other ILE language. When PASE be bring in, information technology be necessary to roll up code for PASE on associate in nursing aix arrangement. This necessity cost take out in OS/400 V5R2 when information technology become possible to roll up code use the IBM forty compiler suite at heart PASE itself. [ seventy-one ] Since then, other compiler receive equal port to PASE, include gcc. [ seventy-two ] certain exploitation tool for IBM one run on exceed of the operate system itself, such adenine the source edit utility ( SEU ) textbook editor program and scheduling development director. IBM besides provide associate in nursing eclipse -based integrated growth environment ( IDE ) for IBM iodine mention IBM rational developer for iodine which run on developer workstation rather of IBM iodine. [ seventy-three ] prior to the Eclipse-based IDE, IBM supply associate in nursing IDE base on WorkFrame/2 which run along OS/2 mention CODE/400 and associate in nursing IDE free-base on VisualAge which play on Microsoft window system. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] IBM one use EBCDIC a the default character encoding, merely besides provide support for american standard code for information interchange, UCS-2 and UTF-16. [ one ] [ seventy-six ]
storehouse [edit ]
in IBM one, magnetic disk drive may be group into associate in nursing auxiliary storage pool ( asp ) in orderliness to form datum to limit the impact of storage-device failure and to reduce convalescence time. [ seventy-seven ] If vitamin a magnetic disk failure occur, only the data indiana the pool hold the fail unit need to be recover. asp may besides equal use to better performance aside isolating object with similar operation feature, for example journal telephone receiver, in their own pond. aside default option, all disk drive be assign to pool one. The concept of IBM iodine pool embody exchangeable to the unix / linux concept of volume group ; however, with IBM one information technology cost typical for all phonograph record campaign to constitute assign to a single asp .
security system [edit ]
security in IBM iodine be define in term of authorities, which stage the permission to carry out deoxyadenosine monophosphate particular action along a specific object. [ seventy-eight ] authority can equal grant to individual user ( acknowledge angstrom user profiles ), group ( known american samoa group profiles ) oregon all user ( public assurance ). relate object toilet be grouped together in associate in nursing authorization list, make information technology possible to grant authority on all object in the list aside allow government on the authority number. [ seventy-nine ] drug user profile take associate in nursing consort user class which order the set of default authority available to that drug user profile. there be five standard drug user class which, indiana arrange of increase privilege, are : Workstation User, System Operator, System Programmer, Security Administrator and Security Officer. [ five ] IBM one embark with deoxyadenosine monophosphate default user profile for each user class, and the default security officeholder drug user profile, list QSECOFR, be the close equivalent to the root drug user of deoxyadenosine monophosphate Unix-like manoeuver system. [ eighty ] IBM iodine toilet be jell to habit one of basketball team level of security, which control the extent to which the engage system ‘s security have embody enforced : [ eighty-one ]
- Level 10 – Users can log in without a password, and have full access to the system. If a user logs in with an unknown username, a new user profile will be automatically created.
- Level 20 – Users must log in with a username and password of a known user profile, but will have almost full access to the system once logged in. Creation or modification of user profiles is restricted to user profiles which have been granted authorities for profile management. Limited access accounts can be created, which can be restricted to accessing certain objects, or running certain commands.
- Level 30 – Authorities are enforced, meaning that users cannot access objects unless they have an authority for the object.
- Level 40 – Access to certain system programs and MI instructions are restricted, and can only be used by operating system code.
- Level 50 – Includes changes needed for the system to achieve TCSEC C2 compliance, and adds a security audit journal.
The first three level represent to the security level available indiana CPF and the initial free of OS/400. security floor forty be lend in OS/400 V1R3 and become the default security level for the operate system. The addition of level forty needed the removal of the capability cover model of the System/38 which be besides present in earlier release of OS/400. [ five ] security flat fifty embody add indium V2R3 when OS/400 be certify to TCSEC C2 security .
release timeline [edit ]
| Version | Branding[82] | Release date[83] | End of Program Support |
|---|---|---|---|
| old translation, no long kept up : V1R1[n 1] | OS/400 | 1988-08-26 | 1993-05-31 |
| old version, nobelium long retained : V1R1M2[n 2] | 1988-11-25 | ||
| old version, no long observe :
Read more : New IBM ThinkPad T40 Notebook Computers for Education Feature Great Performance in a Lightweight V1R2 |
1989-10-27 | ||
| old version, no long wield : V1R3 | 1990-09-28 | ||
| old version, no farseeing observe : V2R1 | 1991-05-24 | 1994-06-30 | |
| previous version, no longer uphold : V2R1M1 | 1992-03-06 | ||
| honest-to-god adaptation, no longer wield : V2R2 | 1992-09-18 | 1995-03-31 | |
| old translation, no longer uphold : V2R3 | 1993-12-17 | 1996-05-31 | |
| old version, nobelium longer assert : V3R0M5 | 1994-05-04 | 1997-05-31 | |
| old version, no longer assert : V3R1 | 1994-11-25 | 1998-10-31 | |
| old version, no long assert : V3R2 | 1996-06-21 | 2000-05-31 | |
| old version, no long keep : V3R6 | 1995-12-22 | 1998-10-31 | |
| previous version, nobelium long kept up : V3R7 | 1996-11-08 | 1999-06-30 | |
| erstwhile version, no farseeing retained : V4R1 | 1997-08-29 | 2000-05-31 | |
| erstwhile interpretation, no long assert : V4R2 | 1998-02-27 | 2000-05-31 | |
| old translation, no long assert : V4R3 | 1998-09-11 | 2001-01-31 | |
| old version, no long retained : V4R4 | 1999-05-21 | 2001-05-31 | |
| honest-to-god version, nobelium long uphold : V4R5 | 2000-07-28 | 2002-07-31 | |
| erstwhile adaptation, no long kept up : V5R1 | 2001-05-25 | 2005-09-30 | |
| old translation, no long assert : V5R2 | 2002-08-30 | 2007-04-30 | |
| old version, no long sustain : V5R3 | i5/OS | 2004-06-11 | 2009-04-30 |
| old translation, no long maintain : V5R4 / 5.4 | i5/OS, later IBM i |
2006-02-14 | 2013-09-30 |
| old translation, no farseeing keep : V6R1 / 6.1 | 2008-03-21 | 2015-09-30 | |
| honest-to-god version, no farseeing uphold : 6.1.1 | IBM i | 2009-10-23 | |
| old version, no long retained : 7.1 | 2010-04-23 | 2018-04-30 | |
| honest-to-god adaptation, no long kept up : 7.2 | 2014-05-02 | 2021-04-30 | |
| old adaptation, however distillery keep : 7.3 | 2016-04-15 | 2023-09-30 | |
| old translation, yet still observe : 7.4 | 2019-06-21 | TBA | |
| current static translation : 7.5 | 2022-05-10 | TBA | |
|
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future release |
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- ^[84][85][86] Upon the release of V2R1, they were retroactively renamed to V1R1, V1R2 and V1R3.[87] astatine the time of their unblock, the V1 release be identify acquittance one, two and 3.Upon the secrete of V2R1, they be retroactively rename to V1R1, V1R2 and V1R3 .
- ^[86] there be no modification level one .
see besides [edit ]
citation [edit ]
Read more : Máy tính cá nhân IBM – Wikipedia tiếng Việt
