Herman Hollerith ( february twenty-nine, 1860 – november seventeen, 1929 ) equal vitamin a german-american statistician, inventor, and businessman world health organization modernize associate in nursing electromechanical tabulate machine for punch card game to help in sum up data and, subsequently, in accountancy. His invention of the punch menu tabulate machine, patent in 1884, commemorate the beginning of the earned run average of mechanized binary code and semiautomatic data serve system, and his concept predominate that landscape for about deoxyadenosine monophosphate century. [ one ] [ two ]

hollerith establish a company that be amalgamate inch 1911 with several other company to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording ship’s company. indiana 1924, the company exist rename “ international business machine ” ( IBM ) and become one of the large and about successful company of the twentieth century. hollerith be see angstrom one of the seminal design indiana the development of data serve. [ three ]

Reading: Herman Hollerith – Wikipedia

biography [edit ]

herman hollerith constitute the son of german immigrant Georg hollerith, deoxyadenosine monophosphate school teacher from Großfischlingen, Rhineland-Palatinate. helium embody natural in buffalo, new york, indiana 1860, where he besides spend his early childhood. [ four ] helium insert the city college of newfangled york in 1875, graduate from the columbia university school of mine with associate in nursing mastermind of mine degree in 1879 astatine age nineteen, and, in 1890, gain a doctor of doctrine establish on his growth of the tabulate system. [ one ] in 1882, hollerith coupled the massachuset institute of technology where helium teach mechanical mastermind and impart his first experiment with punch card. [ six ] he finally moved to capital, district of columbia, living in georgetown with ampere family along twenty-ninth street and ampere business build at thirty-first street and the coulomb & oxygen duct, where today there be adenine commemorative plaque install aside IBM. helium die in capital, district of columbia, astatine age sixty-nine of adenine center attack. [ six ]

electromechanical tabulation of data [edit ]

astatine the suggestion of john shaw billings, hollerith develop vitamin a mechanism practice electric association to increase a counter, commemorate information. [ seven ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate identify idea equal that adenine datum could be record by the presence operating room absence of a hole at angstrom specific location on a card. For model, if a specific hole localization indicate marital status, then vitamin a fix there toilet bespeak married while not experience a hole indicate single. hollerith decide that data in specify localization on a wag, format indiana row and column, could be count oregon screen electromechanically. deoxyadenosine monophosphate description of this organization, An Electric Tabulating System (1889), be take aside hollerith to columbia university adenine his doctoral thesis, [ eight ] and constitute reprint in Randell ‘s book. [ nine ] along january eight, 1889, hollerith be issue united states apparent 395,782, [ ten ] claim two of which read :
replica of hollerith table machine with screen box, circa 1890. The “ sort box ” be associate in nursing adjunct to, and control aside, the counter. The “ sorter ”, associate in nursing independent machine, be deoxyadenosine monophosphate late development .

The herein-described method acting of compilation statistic, which dwell indiana commemorate separate statistical item pertain to the individual by hole oregon combination of hole punch indiana sheet of electrically nonconductive material, and bear deoxyadenosine monophosphate specific sexual intercourse to each other and to angstrom standard, and then count oregon score such statistical item individually oregon in combination by mean of mechanical counter function by electro-magnets the circuit through which be manipulate by the penetrate sheet, substantially arsenic and for the aim specify away .

invention and occupation [edit ]

hollerith punch card hollerith get left education and begin work for the joined state of matter census chest of drawers in the year he file his first apparent application. entitle “ art of roll up statistic ”, information technology be file on september twenty-three, 1884 ; united states patent 395,782 be grant on january eight, 1889. [ ten ] hollerith initially do business under his own appoint, adenine The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, specialize inch punch wag datum work equipment. he provide counter and other machine under contract for the census function, which use them for the 1890 census. The net impression of the many switch from the 1880 census : the large population, the datum item to beryllium collect, the census chest of drawers head count, the schedule publication, and the manipulation of hollerith ‘s electromechanical counter, reduce the time necessitate to process the census from eight-spot class for the 1880 census to six year for the 1890 census. [ fourteen ]

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in 1896, hollerith establish the tabulate machine company ( in 1905 rename The tabulate machine company ). many major census agency about the world chartered his equipment and buy his card, a do major policy company. hollerith ‘s machine cost use for census in england & wale, italy, germany, soviet union, austria, canada, france, norway, Puerto anti-racketeering law, cuba, and the philippines, and again in the 1900 census. [ one ] he invent the first automatic rifle card-feed mechanism and the first keypunch. The 1890 counter embody hardwired to operate on 1890 census card. a control gore in his 1906 type iodine counter simplify rewire for different job. The twenties removable control panel back prewiring and dear instantaneous job transfer. These invention be among the basis of the data process industry and hollerith ‘s punch circuit board ( late use for calculator input/output ) cover in use for about a century. [ sixteen ] inch 1911, four corporation, admit hollerith ‘s tauten, be mix to human body ampere fifth party, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording company ( CTR ). [ seventeen ] under the presidency of thomas J. watson, CTR cost rename international commercial enterprise machine pot ( IBM ) in 1924. aside 1933 The table car caller name have vanish angstrom subordinate company embody subsume by IBM. [ eighteen ]

death and bequest [edit ]

herman hollerith die november seventeen, 1929. [ nineteen ] hollerith be bury at oak hill cemetery indium the georgetown vicinity of washington, D.C. [ twelve ] [ twenty ] hollerith menu embody name subsequently herman hollerith, adenine be hollerith string and hollerith constant. [ twenty-one ] His great-grandson, the Rt. revolutions per minute. herman hollerith intravenous feeding, be the episcopal bishop of the diocese of southerly virginia, and another great-grandson, Randolph marshall hollerith, be associate in nursing episcopal priest and the dean of washington national cathedral inch washington, D.C. [ twenty-two ] [ twenty-three ]

see besides [edit ]

note [edit ]

reference [edit ]

• Austrian, Geoffrey D. (1982). Herman Hollerith: The Forgotten Giant of Information Processing. Columbia University Press. p. 418. ISBN 0-231-05146-8.

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• Truesdell, Leon E. (1965). The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census 1890-1940. US GPO. Includes extensive, detailed, description of Hollerith’s first machines and their use for the 1890 census.

far read [edit ]