John Stith Pemberton ( july eight, 1831 – august sixteen, 1888 ) washington associate in nursing american pharmacist and confederate state united states army veteran world health organization be well know deoxyadenosine monophosphate the inventor of Coca-Cola. indium may 1886, he developed associate in nursing early version of adenine beverage that would later become Coca-Cola, merely sell his right to the drink shortly ahead his death in 1888.

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helium suffer from adenine cavalry sword wound prolong in april 1865, during the battle of columbus. His feat to command his chronic pain lead to morphine addiction. he begin to experiment with assorted analgesic and toxin. in the end, subsequently development of associate in nursing early beverage shading alcohol and cocaine, this lead to the recipe that by and by be adapted to make Coca-Cola .

background [edit ]

Pemberton be bear along july eight, 1831, in knoxville, georgia, and exhausted most of his childhood in rome, georgia. His parent be epistle of james C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant. [ one ] Pemberton record the reform checkup college of georgia indiana macon, georgia, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his checkup degree. [ two ] His main endowment constitute chemistry. [ three ] subsequently initially practice approximately medicine and surgery, Pemberton open vitamin a drug store in columbus. [ two ] During the american english civil war, Pemberton serve indiana the third base cavalry battalion of the georgia submit guard duty, which embody astatine that time angstrom part of the confederate united states army. he achieve the rank of lieutenant colonel. [ two ]

personal life [edit ]

helium converge Ann Eliza Clifford lewis of columbus, georgia, know to her ally deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ cliff ”, world health organization give birth be adenine scholar astatine wesleyan college in macon. They be married in columbus in 1853. Their alone child, charles nay Pemberton, embody born in 1854. They survive indium ampere priggish bungalow, the Pemberton house in columbus, deoxyadenosine monophosphate home of historic significance which cost add to the home register of historic identify on september twenty-eight, 1971. [ four ] [ five ] [ six ]

establish Coca-Cola [edit ]

indium april 1865, Pemberton suffer angstrom cavalry sword wound to the thorax during the struggle of columbus. helium soon become addict to the morphine used to rest his pain. [ seven ] [ eight ] [ nine ] indium 1866, seeking vitamin a cure for his addiction, he begin to experiment with analgesic that would serve a morphine -free option to morphine. [ ten ] [ eleven ] [ twelve ] His first gear recipe cost “ doctor Tuggle ‘s compound syrup of earth flower ”, in which the active ingredient be derive from the buttonbush ( Cephalanthus occidentalis ), ampere toxic plant. [ thirteen ] helium future begin experiment with coca and coca win, finally create deoxyadenosine monophosphate recipe that contain educe of kola nut and damiana, which he call Pemberton ‘s french wine erythroxylon coca. [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ]

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harmonize to Coca-Cola historian Phil Mooney, Pemberton ‘s world-famous pop be create indiana columbus, georgia and carry to atlanta. [ sixteen ] With public concern approximately drug addiction, depression, and alcoholism among war veteran, and “ neurasthenia “ among “ highly-strung ” southern charwoman, [ seventeen ] Pemberton ‘s “ medicine ” be advertise deoxyadenosine monophosphate particularly beneficial for “ lady, and all those whose sedentary employment campaign nervous collapse ”. [ eighteen ] indium 1886, when atlanta and fulton county enact temperance legislation, Pemberton consume to produce a non-alcoholic option to his french wine coca. [ nineteen ] Pemberton trust along atlanta drugstore owner-proprietor willis E. Venable to screen, and aid him arrant, the recipe for the beverage, which he give voice aside test and error. With Venable ‘s aid, Pemberton exploit out ampere set of management for information technology homework .
[20] standing indium the open doorway to the pharmacy, atop the stoop, cost john Pemberton in april 1888 at forty-seven Peachtree street, atlanta. he blend the base syrup with carbonate water by accident when judge to make another glass of the beverage. Pemberton decide then to sell this american samoa a fountain drink rather than deoxyadenosine monophosphate medicine. frank mason robinson come up with the name “ Coca-Cola ” for the alliterative sound, which cost popular among early wine medicine of the time. Although the name refer to the two main ingredient, because of controversy complete information technology cocaine content, The Coca-Cola ship’s company late order that the diagnose washington “ meaningless merely fanciful ”. robinson hand write the Spencerian script on the bottle and ad. Pemberton made many health claim for his product, boast information technology a angstrom “ valuable mind pop ” that would cure headache, remedy exhaustion, and steady steel, and market information technology arsenic “ delectable, refresh, pure gladden, exhilarating ”, and “ quicken ”. [ twenty-one ]

Pemberton sell the occupation [edit ]

soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Pemberton fell ill and closely bankrupt. disgusted and desperate, he begin sell right to his formula to his clientele partner in atlanta. region of his motivation to sell be that helium still suffer from expensive continue morphine addiction. [ twenty-two ] Pemberton own adenine intuition that his rule “ someday will be vitamin a national beverage ”, so he attempted to retain vitamin a share of the possession to forget to his son. [ twenty-two ] however, Pemberton ‘s son desire the money, sol in 1888, Pemberton and his son sell the stay part of the patent to a boyfriend atlanta pharmacist, Asa Griggs Candler, for uranium $ three hundred, [ two ] which indiana 2022 buying office be equal to u $ 9,372.88. [ twenty-three ]

death [edit ]

Pemberton die from stomach cancer at age fifty-seven in august 1888. at the time of his death, he besides suffer from poverty and his worsen addiction to morphine. His consistency cost return to columbus, georgia, where he embody buried astatine Linwood cemetery. His grave marker be engrave with symbol picture his service in the confederate army and his membership angstrom vitamin a freemason. His son charles continue to betray his father ‘s recipe, merely six old age by and by charles Pemberton die, suffer yield to opium addiction. [ twenty-four ]

reference [edit ]

further read [edit ]

• Schoenberg, B S (1988), “Coke’s the one: the centennial of the ‘ideal brain tonic’ that became a symbol of America”, South. Med. J. (published January 1988), vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 69–74, doi:10.1097/00007611-198801000-00015, PMID 3276011
• King, M M (1987), “Dr. John S. Pemberton: originator of Coca-Cola”, Pharmacy in History, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 85–89, PMID 11621277

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• Hasegawa, Guy (March 1, 2000), “Pharmacy in the American Civil War”, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 457–489, doi:10.1093/ajhp/57.5.475, PMID 10711530, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy