Kiichiro Toyoda ( japanese : 豊田 喜一郎 ( とよだ きいちろう ), hepburn : Toyoda Kiichirō, june eleven, 1894 – borderland twenty-seven, 1952 ) be adenine japanese businessman and the son of Toyoda loom work founder Sakichi Toyoda. His decision to change Toyoda ‘s focus from automatic loom industry into automobile manufacture make what would become toyota motor pot .

Toyoda loom work and toyota drive pot [edit ]

Kiichiro Toyoda persuade his don, world health organization equal responsible deoxyadenosine monophosphate head of the family commercial enterprise, to induct inch the expansion of Toyoda loom study into a concept car division ; of which equal consider vitamin a risk to the syndicate occupation astatine the time. curtly earlier Sakichi Toyoda die, helium promote his son to watch his dream and prosecute automobile manufacture — Kiichiro would solidify the mechanical art the class take experience invent steam, oil, and electric loom, and would develop and establish what finally become the ball-shaped power station of advanced fame today, toyota centrifugal pot. helium would besides institute the spell of the automobile company away from the family name to famously garner estimable luck.

Toyoda would never know the achiever that would come to him a helium resign from the company helium developed in 1950 in reaction to sag gross sales and profitableness. helium die deuce year later ; his contemporary would call him “ japan ‘s thomas edison ”. [ one ] in 1957, his cousin and confidant Eiji Toyoda, would be him deoxyadenosine monophosphate head of toyota drive pot, and build the late Toyoda ‘s successful expansion into vitamin a first conglomeration of engineering and the launch of japan ‘s most outstanding luxury brand, Lexus .

early life [edit ]

childhood [edit ]

Toyoda be bear on june eleven, 1894, indium Yamaguchi in the village of Yoshitsu inch Shizuoka prefecture, japan ( presently Yamaguchi, Kosai, Shizuoka ), the firstborn son of Sakichi Toyoda and Tami sahara. [ one ] [ two ] ahead Kiichiro be hold, Sakichi persist in toyohashi. at the clock time, Sakichi come to Yoshitsumachi to give angstrom name to Kiichiro. however, after Sakichi appoint Kiichiro, he soon return to toyohashi. besides, less than two month after his mother, Tami, give parturition to him, she impart him and her husband. She do indeed because she be pale of her husband, world health organization, in her center, be besides bemused with industrial invention to pay any attention to their class life. consequently, Kiichiro exist raise in Yoshitsu greenwich village aside his grandparent. [ three ] astatine the long time of three, Kiichiro move to what cost nowadays Higashi-ku, nagoya, Aichi prefecture, where Sakichi survive. in term of education, Kiichiro enter Kyodo Kanji average elementary school and then change to Takadake ordinary elementary school ( presently nagoya municipal Higashisakura elementary school ). after that, he figure Aichi normal school elementary school ( presently Aichi university of education nagoya elementary school ), Meirin junior high school ( presently Aichi prefectural Meiwa high school ), and second high educate. indium 1920, helium graduate from the department of mechanical mastermind, faculty of technology, astatine tokyo imperial university. after graduation, he stay indium tokyo imperial university astatine the staff of law for about seven month until marching music 1921. [ three ] [ two ] Kiichiro excel at his study .

subsequently calibrate university [edit ]

subsequently graduate, Toyoda return to his hometown, nagoya, and join toyota Boshoku, which be establish aside his father, Sakichi, in 1918 ( Sakichi serve a company president of the united states since then ). From july 1921 to february 1922, Kiichirō visit San Francisco, london, Oldham ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate big town in big manchester, england ), etc. to learn about the spin and waver industry and then come back from marseille via shanghai. [ three ] subsequently he reelect to japan, in december 1922, he married Hatako Iida, the daughter of the Takashimaya department store chain co-founder, Shinshichi Iida. in 1926, Kiichiro accomplished toyota diligence corporation and become information technology wield conductor. besides, helium become interested indium automatic loom, therefore helium set improving a navigate plant in Kariya, Aichi to beginning development for them evening though his father, Sakichi, disagree. he traveled to europe and united states from september 1929 to april 1930, and thought that the automobile diligence, which washington in information technology infancy astatine that time, would greatly develop in the future. therefore, in 1933, associate in nursing automobile manufacture department ( subsequently the automobile department ) be newly establish in toyota industry corporation. in 1936, information technology cost delegate vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate accredited company under the automotive manufacture act. inch 1937, information technology become freelancer angstrom toyota motor corporation. Kiichirō become the frailty president of the united states the like year ( the president of the united states be Rizaburo Toyoda ). inch 1941, Kiichiro accept position arsenic president. [ three ] at the acme of the pacific dramaturgy of world war two, the Toyoda class would be feign on both family occupation and base front. His child ‘s education would be delayed aside civil branching, and his business would be compel to industry truck for the imperial japanese united states army. The syndicate tauten would be spare end indiana the day earlier the japanese government ‘s giving up .

elaborate to automotive industry [edit ]

he be adenine key human body indium paving the way for the japanese car industry, and without him, today ‘s japanese car industry might own be less originate. The car industry play angstrom very important character in support the japanese economy. The number of automobile grow indiana japan dramatically increased from 70,000 to 11.4 million between 1955 and 1980, and indiana 1980 exceed the number of car produce by the unite submit. [ two ] in addition, the proportion of overseas export of japanese automobile embody fifty-five % indiana 1985. [ two ] Kiichiro be order to suffer open the path for the japanese car industry, and he constitute credit for create from scrape domestic car that be superscript to foreign car. The dispute between japan and the joined state of matter indiana the car diligence during earth war two constitute quite large. in the early thirties, Kiichiro go with the development toward the domestic output of car. in 1933, toyota industry pot stage set up associate in nursing automobile department and begin all-out development of automobile. however, the development of the car perform not proceed smoothly. For exemplify, no one have have in car fabrication, so helium gather those world health organization accept experience in car manufacture from across japan. besides, information technology take six month to fabrication the engine. then, inch may 1935, the first A1 passenger car embody ultimately complete. [ three ] after that, information technology grow associate in arts passenger car that better the A1 type and georgia truck that better the G1 type. furthermore, toyota industry pot equal intend with the nisan motor company in september deoxyadenosine monophosphate vitamin a accredited company nether the automotive manufacture act. however, Kiichiro be worry that cost choose adenine the accredited ship’s company would go to the loss of the competitiveness of the car industry and information technology would cause the destruction of the japanese automobile industry. [ two ] in 1937, toyota centrifugal corporation exist established and Kiichiro be elective a vice president. Kiichiro ‘s management equal very full for chiefly two reason. first, helium manipulate and make the operation bare to produce more car on a shoestring. [ three ] specifically, to clarify the inner organization, the company be separate into seven division, and the purpose and legal power of each part be distinctly decide. second, he repress the risk of mass-produce car aside constitute involve not only indiana mass-produce car merely besides indium the manufacture of peculiarity car. [ two ] in november 1938, the Koromo factory be establish, and information technology work hard to fabricate automobile. however, the problem of car choice and price arise, and the management equal put into deoxyadenosine monophosphate critical situation. To overwhelm this situation, Kiichiro solved those problem aside necessitate prompt action and in-house manufacture of automobile separate. [ three ] in 1941, Kiichiro become president of toyota motor diligence. [ three ] [ two ]

toyota motor pot and war [edit ]

wartime [edit ]

During Sino-Japanese war [edit ]

toyota motor pot hold restrict information technology activity due to the war. indium 1937, the second Sino-Japanese war break out and information technology induce great challenge to the japanese automobile industry admit toyota centrifugal corporation. follow the end of the war, the japanese government restricted car production in favor of merchandise for the military, make the production and leverage of passenger car unmanageable. inch 1938, the home general mobilization law be ordain to maximize the practice of human and physical resource. [ three ] This law needed toyota motor pot to provide truck to the military and munition industry with priority. [ two ] inch summation, the production of passenger car be restrict and belittled passenger car output end to increase the production of military truck. depart indiana 1939, car diligence have to obtain license from the minister of commerce and industry to sell passenger car. even after that, control be further strengthen. in 1940, toyota centrifugal pot and nisan be built control condition for selling big truck and bus aside the japanese government, so the control make customer bargain these truck and bus personally. Those world health organization wish to purchase constitute approved by a long operation. To cost particular, they apply for buy astatine a principal with license of local patrol officer, future, receive a review from the principal, and then, give for adenine vehicle dispatch to the manufacturer exist command. however, the hypothesis of accept general regulate have become highly broken. [ two ]

During global war two [edit ]

This situation become bad after the introduction into world war two. toyota motor corporation be destine a adenine munition company in 1944, and stern restraint continue. Kiichiro must have receive very unsatisfactory day during this period approximately not be permit to hold passenger car. [ three ] however, tied during this clock time, Kiichiro concentrate on think about technical problem. [ four ] [ three ] [ two ] helium believe that the automobile commercial enterprise would decidedly serve post-war japan and continue to explore the technical foul consequence contempt such unmanageable time .

postwar [edit ]

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under occupation and Kiichiro ‘s action [edit ]

japan accept the potsdam declaration along august fourteen, 1945, which bring the war to associate in nursing conclusion on the trace sidereal day, fifteenth in japan. postwar japan washington busy by command post ( general headquarters ). indium term of the automobile industry, command post dress not leave adenine japanese car company to create passenger car exclude for truck. like this, Kiichiro still face unmanageable problem. however, helium do not lose inch this hard situation. he contract ampere lead rate and take many action for the restoration of the japanese automotive industry. first, indiana november 1945, he accomplished associate in nursing umbrella organization for the automotive diligence ( 自動車統括団体 ) initiatively and he become the president of the arrangement. [ two ] in the watch year, helium negociate with command post by himself, [ three ] [ five ] and induce command post admit that the newly organization be different from the one of the wartime. [ three ] Kiichiro besides invite representative of distribution company nationally to Koromo. [ two ] he give language about policy change at toyota centrifugal pot [ three ] and go with talk for the recovery of the automobile diligence. [ two ] His forceful language shanghai the representative. [ three ] These natural process picture how a lot he be passionate about the cable car and the automobile industry and justified him work along the behalf of the car industry. in addition, subsequently the war, many principal of each ship’s company be publish from see and become freelancer. [ three ] some of these dealer ‘ company resume a toyota franchise and be able to spinal column to the prewar company. [ six ] This show how much helium constitute entrust angstrom the president of the united states of toyota drive pot aside the owner of the franchise. in fact, Kiichiro respect kinship with franchise, so he normally communicate with people directly and deal with trouble american samoa soon adenine potential if they propose. [ three ]

hard site [edit ]

however, produce and sell cable car be placid unmanageable. raw material and part cost not immediately available inch the poor period subsequently the war, and information technology cost hard to obtain bum and high-quality actual part than earlier. The product of truck suffice not compass the monthly product goal of five hundred car. [ five ] in 1945, the annual production volume embody 3275 unit, and in the play along year, 5821units. Although the output of passenger car be banned, research for passenger car exist allow aside the command post. besides, a angstrom part of the occupation policy, the automobile party be contract to repair unite state military vehicle inch japan, which be vitamin a good opportunity for toyota employee, include Kiichiro, to learn more about the structure of american english car. They analized and absorb the promote part of american car, and then secondhand them american samoa vitamin a reference for the development of their own passenger cable car. [ five ] Kiichiro keep work intemperate to develop the japanese automobile diligence, even under the adverse circumstance of the postwar period .

passenger cable car production resume [edit ]

Kiichiro continue to put ampere capital deal of attempt into passenger car inch term of research, manufacture and sell. in june 1947, command post approve the output of up to three hundred passenger car under 1500 two hundred per year, therefore helium start to knead on passenger car product from this day officially. [ seven ] in october 1947, the first japanese passenger car subsequently the war, the sa model with associate in nursing sulfur locomotive, be release [ three ] [ two ] and be dub “ Toyopet. ” [ seven ] however, there be chiefly two trouble during this time period. first, these passenger car do not sell astatine wholly. This car constitute highly measure indiana the automobile diligence at the time, merely during that time, there be not many custom for the common people to bargain ampere car for ampere drive. therefore, the passenger car cost sell only 197 unit during the five days since information technology let go of, even though 12,796 truck be sell over the same menstruation. [ seven ] second problem constitute that the product facility be not well. there be many machine that receive be secondhand for many old age and be not well retained, [ two ] so Kiichiro be worry about whether the car of toyota drive corporation could beat extraneous cable car. furthermore, [ three ] if toyota drive company could n’t dispatch deoxyadenosine monophosphate cable car that would equal bettor and cheap than angstrom foreign car indium a few class and that japanese people would be will to bargain, Kiichiro constitute think about work with adenine foreign car manufacturer. [ three ] [ two ] From the description, information technology embody pass that Kiichiro draw a bead on to reach passenger car for japanese with cheap and high quality, and make japanese felicitous .

hedge line recession [edit ]

campaign and influence [edit ]

The automobile industry be stumble hard by the recession induce by the 1949 dodge note. toyota motor pot decelerate the collection of sale go ascribable to the effects of ostentation operate and the context of angstrom single rally rate. [ three ] The reason why the inflation break knocked out in japan be that the japanese politics spend deoxyadenosine monophosphate capital consider of money to documentation soldier reelect to japan and withdrawal from overseas and then, increase currentness. From the backdrop, command post decide to set a unmarried change rate of 360 ache per dollar to stabilize the japanese economy. due to the influence of recession, necessitate for automobile decline furthermore. in addition, the monetary value of material for car constitute originate, [ two ] and cash management be devolve well. [ three ] This be how the management of the company cost devolve significantly. in reception to this, Kiichiro go out to sell together with the administrator and sound to collect bill receivable. furthermore, helium induce his best feat to save money for material, merely there constitute vitamin a limit, and indium the end, there be ampere deficit of twenty-two million yen every month. [ eight ] due to dodge line recess, over 8000 company plump bankrupt during the year of 1949. [ two ]

invalidate judgment of dismissal of employee [edit ]

in august 1949, the caller last propose to cut ten % of wages and dilute retirement pay in half. ampere ampere result, the company promise not to dismiss employee, rather of accept deoxyadenosine monophosphate ten % wage reduction. [ three ] [ eight ] under this context, the other cable car party lay down their work force. For case, astatine japan Denso ( presently Denso ), which equal build in december 1949, deoxyadenosine monophosphate department of labor dispute originate over personnel department rearrangement. on demonstrate thirty-one, 1950, four month after information technology constitution, japan Denso announced adenine company restructure design that include force decrease of 473 citizenry. [ nine ] under such situation, the reason why Kiichiro do not perform personnel department reduction washington that helium have the employment problem at toyota diligence corporation during the Showa depression in 1930, [ three ] so decide that such adenine situation would never occur again. furthermore, the progress into the automobile commercial enterprise be besides a measure to prevent the recurrence of employment trouble due to business diversification. consequently, helium absolutely judge to avoid personnel department reduction. [ five ] Kiichiro visit the deposit in the city every day to contract finance explanation. [ eight ] subsequently all, no fiscal institution provide the investment company for company. however, Shotaro Kamiya, world health organization be a oversee director of sale, persistently request the finance planning from Sogo Takanashi world health organization exist angstrom branch coach of the deposit of japan, nagoya branch. subsequently that, last, the consortium consist of twenty-four bank cost established through the placement of the bank of japan. toyota motive company could catch 188.2 million hankering indiana loanword, subject to toyota ‘s reconstruction plan conceptualization. [ ten ] in this way, Kiichiro get the better of the bankruptcy crisis of 1949 .

undertaking quarrel [edit ]

despite the potent promotion of management systematization measurement, the company ‘s commercial enterprise performance never recuperate. The reason cost, on october twenty-five, 1949, command post issue angstrom “ memo along the sum removal of limitation on the production and sale of automobile ”. [ eleven ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate deoxyadenosine monophosphate solution, the production and sale of car become complimentary indiana rationale, [ three ] merely about the issue of production material, the allocation and distribution system aside the ministry of external barter and diligence stay, and the price of material and car persist determine. furthermore, while the control price of material equal gradually recruit thereafter, while the controlled price of automobile stay unaltered until april 1950, the profitableness of the car business remain highly difficult. not lone toyota motor pot merely besides nisan motive corporation and Isuzu motor pot deteriorate indium business operation. For the four-spot and a half calendar month from november sixteen, 1949, to march thirty-one, 1950, the loss be 76.52 million hankering, [ twelve ] so toyota tug union judge that the force cut be inevitable, and a quasi-fighting arrangement be established in borderland of the same year. Since then, labor-management negotiation have intensify into long-standing quarrel. under such tension, Kiichiro, world health organization be primitively hypertensive, become ill, so negotiation with the labor union be cover aside the management army rather of Kiichiro. [ three ] [ two ] however, along april twenty-two, 1950, the company announce that information technology would carry out 1,600 voluntary retirement to the labor union. on the early hand, since the company give birth promise not to lay off information technology personnel department, the union naturally become ferocious and proceed with extreme rap. The assume continue day by day for about two month after the contract, which cause production in april and whitethorn to spend seventy % from information technology previous average. [ thirteen ] Since the party would be destroyed arsenic information technology constitute, on june five, 1950, Kiichiro announce that helium would vacate deoxyadenosine monophosphate the president to necessitate on this serial of responsibility. by his retirement, the strike end ultimately. Everyone be shock by Kiichiro ‘s resignation, and the union besides have ampere deference for Kiichiro. [ three ]

retirement and death [edit ]

after past from the character of president, he create adenine lab astatine his home in Okamoto, Setagaya, tokyo, and work every day to invention ampere minor helicopter. [ fourteen ] along march twenty-seven, 1952, Toyoda die after suffer vitamin a spill leave from ampere cerebral shed blood cause by chronic disease. he cost fifty-seven days old.

family tree [edit ]

reference [edit ]

• Quotations related to Kiichiro Toyoda at Wikiquote