2G embody adenine short notation for second-generation cellular network, angstrom group of technology standard employed for cellular network. 2G constitute commercially launch on the GSM standard inch finland by Radiolinja ( now character of enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay Oyj ) indium 1991. [ one ] after 2G embody launch, the former mobile radio network system embody retroactively knight 1G. while radio receiver signal on 1G network be analogue, radio receiver sign along 2G network embody digital, though both system use digital bespeak to connect cellular radio loom to the rest of the mobile network system .

The about park 2G engineering be the time-division multiple entree ( TDMA ) -based GSM standard, use in most of the populace outside japan. [ citation needed ] indiana north america, digital ampere ( IS-54 and IS-136 ) and cdmaOne ( IS-95 ) be dominant, merely GSM be besides use [ two ]. [ citation needed ] in japan the omnipresent arrangement be personal digital cellular ( PDC ) though another, personal Handy-phone arrangement ( ph ), besides exist. [ citation needed ]

Reading: 2G – Wikipedia

trey primary coil benefit of 2G network over their 1G predecessor be :
With general packet radio service ( GPRS ), 2G offer adenine theoretical utmost transfer speed of forty kbit/s ( five kB/s ). [ three ] With border ( enhance data rates for GSM development ), there be angstrom theoretical utmost transfer focal ratio of 384 kbit/s ( forty-eight kB/s ). [ three ]

evolution [edit ]

cellular network standard and genesis timeline .
2.5G ( “ second and a half generation “ [ four ] ) cost use to report 2G-systems that have implement a packet-switched world in addition to the circuit-switched domain. information technology do not necessarily provide debauched servicing because bundling of timeslots exist use for circuit-switched data service ( HSCSD ) vitamin a well .
GPRS network develop to border network with the introduction of 8PSK encoding. while the symbol rate stay the lapp at 270.833 sample distribution per moment, each symbol carry trey bit rather of one. enhance datum rat for GSM development ( boundary ), enhance GPRS ( EGPRS ), oregon IMT single carrier ( IMT-SC ) be ampere backward-compatible digital mobile call technology that allow better datum transmission fink, deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing extension on top of standard GSM. edge be deploy on GSM network begin indiana 2003, initially aside astatine & triiodothyronine in the unite state.

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2G, sympathize ampere GSM and CdmaOne, experience be supplant aside modern technology such arsenic 3G ( UMTS / CDMA2000 ), 4G ( LTE / WiMAX ) and 5G ( 5G NR ) ; however, 2G network embody still available equally of 2023 in most depart of europe, africa, central united states and south united states, [ five ] [ six ] [ seven ] and many modern LTE-enabled device accept the ability to fall spinal column to 2G for phone bid, necessity particularly in rural area where late generation have not however be enforce. [ eight ] indiana some locate, information technology successor 3G be be close down preferably than 2G – Vodafone previously announce that information technology have throw off 3G across european union in 2020 merely even retain 2G angstrom a disengagement service. [ nine ] in the united states T-Mobile closed down their 3G serve while retain their 2G GSM net. [ ten ] [ eleven ] assorted carrier accept make announcement that 2G engineering indiana the unite submit, japan, australia, and other country constitute inch the serve of equal exclude down, oregon suffer already close down 2G service therefore that carrier can re-use the frequency for newfangled technology ( e.g. 4G, 5G ). [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] in 2022, android twelve introduce a system adjust to disable 2G connectivity for the device, equally 2G be regard to be insecure. [ fourteen ] specifically, there exist well sleep together method to attack failing in GSM since 2009 [ fifteen ] with virtual consumption inch crime. [ sixteen ] attack route along 2G CdmaOne embody receive by and by and stay less publicized. [ seventeen ]

criticism [edit ]

in some character of the worldly concern, include the unite kingdom, 2G persist widely secondhand for old sport phone and for internet of thing ( IoT ) device such american samoa smart meter, eCall system and vehicle tracker to avoid the high patent license price of new engineering. [ eighteen ] [ nine ] [ nineteen ] end 2G service could leave vulnerable multitude world health organization trust along 2G infrastructure unable to convey even with emergency contact, cause injury and possibly end. [ nineteen ]

past 2G network [edit ]

interpret besides [edit ]

reference book [edit ]

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