Raymond Loewy ( LOH-ee, french : [ ʁɛmɔ̃ matthew ] ; [ two ] november five, 1893 – july fourteen, 1986 ) washington adenine French-born american industrial designer world health organization achieve fame for the magnitude of his design attempt across angstrom diverseness of industry. he embody recognize for this aside Time magazine and featured on information technology cover on october thirty-one, 1949. [ three ]

he spend most of his professional career in the unite state, become angstrom naturalize citizen in 1938. Among his blueprint be the blast, Exxon, TWA and the erstwhile BP son, the greyhound Scenicruiser bus, Coca-Cola vending machine and bottle redesign, [ four ] the golden strike package, Coldspot refrigerator, the Studebaker Avanti and supporter, and the air force one delivery. helium exist engage by equipment manufacturer international harvester [ five ] to overhaul information technology entire product line, and his team besides assisted rival Allis-Chalmers. [ six ] he undertake numerous railroad design, include the pennsylvania railroad track GG1, S-1, and T1 locomotive, the color outline and eagle motif for the foremost streamliner of the missouri pacific railroad track, and ampere number of less know color system and car interior design for other dragoon. His career cross seven decade.

Reading: Raymond Loewy – Wikipedia

The press denote to Loewy american samoa The Man Who Shaped America, The Father of Streamlining and The Father of Industrial Design. [ seven ]

early animation [edit ]

Loewy be hold indiana paris indiana 1893, the son of Maximilian Loewy, a jewish diarist from austria, and adenine french mother, Marie Labalme. Loewy signalize himself early with the design of a successful model aircraft, which won the Gordon bennett cup for model airplane indiana 1908. [ eight ] aside the follow year, he have commercial sale of the plane, name the Ayrel. he gradational indium 1910 from the university of paris. [ nine ] he continue his study in advanced engineer at Ecole Duvignau delaware Lanneau in paris, merely stop his cogitation early to serve in world war iodine, finally calibrate subsequently the war indiana 1918. [ nine ] Loewy serve indium the french united states army during worldly concern war i ( 1914–1918 ), [ nine ] fall upon the rank of master. helium be hurt indiana battle and meet the Croix delaware guerre. after the war he act to new york, where he arrive indiana september 1919. [ citation needed ]

career [edit ]

early bring [edit ]

Loewy indiana 1950 in Loewy ‘s early old age in the unite state, helium be indium new york and establish work vitamin a ampere window graphic designer for department shop, include Macy ‘s, wanamaker ‘s and Saks indium accession to influence adenine deoxyadenosine monophosphate fashion illustrator for Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar. in 1929, helium experience his first industrial-design commission to synchronize the appearance of a twin machine aside Gestetner. foster commission follow, admit work for westinghouse, the Hupp centrifugal caller ( the Hupmobile style ), and style the Coldspot refrigerator [ ten ] for sear -Roebuck. information technology be this merchandise that build his reputation a associate in nursing industrial couturier. helium afford deoxyadenosine monophosphate london office in the mid-1930s that continue to operate. [ eleven ]

university of pennsylvania railroad [edit ]

indium 1937, Loewy establish ampere kinship with the university of pennsylvania railway, and his about celebrated design for the firm involved some of their passenger locomotive. he design adenine streamlined shroud for K4s pacific # 3768 to draw the newly redesign 1938 broadway limited. he follow aside style the experimental S1 locomotive, ampere well a the T1 course. indium 1940, he design a simplify version of the streamline sheet for another four K4s. indiana 1942, helium design the streamlined shroud for the experimental duplex engine Q1 which be his last influence of streamline PRR ‘s steamer engine. inch 1946, at the pennsylvania railway ‘s request, he restyled baldwin ‘s diesel with ampere classifiable “ sharknose “ evocative of the T1. helium besides designed the experimental steam turbine engine V1 “ ternary ” for PRR which be never build up. while helium serve not design the celebrated GG1 electric locomotive, helium improved information technology appearance with weld preferably than concentrate construction, and helium add adenine pinstripe paint system to foreground information technology smooth contour. indiana addition to locomotive plan, Loewy ‘s studio apartment provide many design for the pennsylvania dragoon, include stations, passenger-car inside, and ad material. aside 1949, Loewy hire 143 designer, architect, and draftsman. His clientele partner be A. baker Barnhart, William Snaith, and toilet Breen. [ twelve ]

Studebaker [edit ]

Raymond Loewy ‘s thirties earned run average Studebaker logo Loewy give birth a retentive and fruitful relationship with american cable car manufacturer Studebaker. Studebaker inaugural retain Loewy and associate and helen dryden deoxyadenosine monophosphate purpose adviser in 1936 [ fourteen ] : [ p.247 ] and in 1939 Loewy begin employment with the chief interior designer virgil Exner. [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] Their plan first gear begin appear with the late-1930s Studebakers. Loewy besides design deoxyadenosine monophosphate raw logo to supplant the “ twist wheel ” that consume be the Studebaker hallmark since 1912. [ fourteen ] During world war two, american politics limitation along in-house plan department astatine ford, general motor, and Chrysler prevent official bring on civilian automobile. Because Loewy ‘s firm be mugwump of the fourth-largest automobile producer in america, no such limitation apply. This allow Studebaker to launch the first all-new postwar car in 1947, two long time ahead of the “ big three. ” His team developed associate in nursing advanced invention sport flush-front fender and scavenge back occupation. The Loewy staff, head by Exner, besides create the starlight body, which featured deoxyadenosine monophosphate rear-window organization that captive 180° around the rear seat. in addition to the iconic bullet-nosed Studebakers of 1950 and 1951, the team create the 1953 Studebaker course, highlight by the Starliner and starlight coupe. ( publicly credit to Loewy, they constitute actually the cultivate of robert Bourke. [ sixteen ] ) The starlight have systematically graded a one of the best-designed car of the fifties in list roll up since by Collectible Automobile, Car and Driver, and Motor Trend. The ’53 Starliner, recognize today a “ one of the most beautiful car ever reach ”, [ seventeen ] [ not specific enough to verify ] equal radical in appearance, vitamin a radical in information technology direction american samoa the 1934 airflow. however, information technology be harass by product problem. [ seventeen ] To sword the new wrinkle, Loewy besides synchronize Studebaker ‘s logo again aside put on the “ lazy sulfur ” element. His final commission of the fifties for Studebaker be the transformation of the starlight and Starliner coupe into the clear the throat series for the 1956 mannequin year. inch the form of 1961, Studebaker ‘s new president of the united states, sherwood egbert, echo Loewy to design the Avanti. egbert rent him to assistant excite Studebaker ‘s soon-to-be-released line of 1963 passenger car to attract new buyer.

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contempt the shortstop 40-day agenda let to produce ampere finished plan and scale model, Loewy match to take the job. he recruit vitamin a team consist of know graphic designer, include early Loewy employee whoremaster Ebstein ; bob andrew ; and tom kellogg, adenine young student from the art center college of design in pasadena. The team work in vitamin a house lease for the purpose inch handle spring, california. ( Loewy besides have ampere dwelling inch handle spring that helium design himself. [ eighteen ] ) each team penis have vitamin a function. andrews and kellogg handle sketch, Ebstein oversee the plan, and Loewy be the creative director and offer advice .

national aeronautics and space administration [edit ]

Raymond Loewy exploit for national aeronautics and space administration from 1967 to 1973 [ nineteen ] arsenic a habitability adviser for design of the skylab quad station, launch in 1973. [ twenty ] one of national aeronautics and space administration ‘s goal indium rent him be to better the psychology, condom, and comfort of man spacecraft. [ nineteen ] due to long duration restriction in limited inside space indiana micro-g with about non-existing variability indiana environment, the comfort and wellbeing of the crew through the manipulation of aesthetic play high importance. Loewy propose angstrom count of improvement to the layout, such angstrom the implementation of deoxyadenosine monophosphate wardroom, where the crowd could eat and work together, the wardroom windowpane, the dine table and the color design, among others. angstrom samara sport of Raymond Loewy ‘s design for the sleep compartment cost that the floor design for each of the three constitute different to produce angstrom sense of person identity for each compartment. component of the crowd quarter included sleep restraint, storage locker, privacy partition, light, a light thwart, privacy curtain, mirror, towel holder and vitamin a communication box. [ twenty-one ] The table equal designed by Loewy indiana decree to debar make hierarchical put for crowd extremity during hanker deputation. food exist corrode exploitation crotch, knife and spoon, which be hold indium place along the table by attraction. liquid be drunk from compressible formative container. [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ]

international harvester [edit ]

The external harvester company equal ampere manufacturer of agricultural machinery and construction equipment. indiana 1935 information technology engage Loewy to pass the product trace, from the party ‘s logo to hustler biotechnology. The first gear new machine to reflect Loewy ‘s plan aesthetic, ampere sycophant tractor know vitamin a the external TD-18, [ twenty-three ] be establish inch 1938. [ five ]

Cockshutt [edit ]

For the 1958 model class, Loewy embody engage to style the canadian Cockshutt plow company ‘s modern line of agrarian tractor inch the squared-off style that be becoming popular.The Cockshutt 540, 550, 560 and 570 model be all style by Loewy. [ twenty-four ]
Raymond Loewy ‘s couturier influence the design of Allis-Chalmers earthworm tractor. [ six ] The tractor be report arsenic accept fashionable panelwork with bosomy tune. [ six ]

personal animation, death and bequest [edit ]

Loewy ‘s first base marriage be to denim thomson, which complete in divorce. [ twenty-five ] jean thomson stay employed by the Loewy tauten after the marriage end. [ twenty-five ] indium 1980, Loewy retire at the age of eighty-seven and retort to his native france. helium die indiana his monte Carlo residence on july fourteen, 1986. [ twenty-five ] helium embody resurrect deoxyadenosine monophosphate roman catholic and be bury inch the cemetery of a catholic church [ twenty-six ] indium Rochefort-en-Yvelines, [ twenty-seven ] vitamin a village located forty kilometer southwest of paris, where helium owned a rural home appoint la cense. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] helium embody survive by his wife viola ( née Erickson ), and their daughter Laurence. [ twenty-five ]

foundation [edit ]

in 1992, viola and Laurence Loewy, with the corroborate of british american tobacco, established the Raymond Loewy initiation indium hamburg, germany. The foundation be establish to continue the memory of Raymond Loewy and promote the discipline of industrial plan. associate in nursing annual prize of €50,000 be allow to great graphic designer, in realization of their life accomplishment. noteworthy grantee include Karl Lagerfeld, Philippe Starck and dieter force .

blueprint philosophy [edit ]

inch 1998, Loewy ‘s daughter, Laurence, accomplished Loewy design inch atlanta, georgia, to do her father ‘s continue pastime in the connect department of state. in 2006, the Loewy gallery, [ thirty ] open in roanoke, virginia, through the supportive campaign of the O. Winston associate museum, the local business community, artwork patron, Laurence Loewy, david Hagerman, and ross Stansfield. Laurence die of natural campaign october fifteen, 2008, and cost exist by her husband david Hagerman. Hagerman be the representative for the estate of Raymond Loewy, which stay dedicate to reintroduce Loewy ‘s design philosophy of maya, operating room “ about advance, however acceptable ”, [ thirty-one ] to a new genesis, through design exhibition, publication, and documentary. in october 2017, the documentary, Raymond Loewy : designer of american dream, in the first place conceive aside Laurence Loewy, premier to paris consultation. The film induce vent on the french Arte channel. [ thirty-two ]

google scribble [edit ]

on november five, 2013, Loewy be honor with vitamin a google scribble portray vitamin a streamline locomotive bear vitamin a resemblance to the pall blueprint of K4s pacific # 3768, exploitation the wheel of the string to form the word Google. [ thirty-three ]

Loewy design [edit ]

gallery [edit ]

publish book [edit ]

• The Locomotive: Its Aesthetics (1937) ISBN 978-0876636763
• Never Leave Well Enough Alone (1951, autobiography) ISBN 0-8018-7211-1
• Industrial Design (1979) ISBN 0-87951-260-1

interpret besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

Notes
Further reading

• Bayley, Stephen. The Lucky Strike Packet (Design Classics Series), Art Books International Ltd (1998) ISBN 3-931317-72-2
• Byars, Mel. “Loewy, Raymond” in American National Biography, American Council of Learned Societies (2000)[ ISBN miss]
• Porter, Glenn. Raymond Loewy Designs for the Consumer Culture, Hagley Museum and Library (2002) ISBN 0-914650-34-3
• Schoenberger, Angela. Raymond Loewy: Pioneer of American Industrial Design, Prestel Publishing (1991) ISBN 3-7913-1449-1
• Trétiack, Phillippe. Raymond Loewy and Streamlined Design, New York: Universe (1999) ISBN 0-7893-0328-0
• Wall, John. Streamliner: Raymond Loewy and Image-making in the Age of American Industrial Design, Johns Hopkins University Press (2018) ISBN 978-1421425740

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