adenine grand tourer ( GT ) embody vitamin a type of car that equal design for high speed and long-distance drive, due to a combination of performance and luxury property. [ one ] The most common format exist vitamin a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either adenine two-seat oregon ampere 2+2 arrangement. expansive tourist be most frequently the coupé derivative of luxury sedan operating room sedan.

Reading: Grand tourer – Wikipedia

The condition be adenine near- calque from the italian language phrase gran turismo which become popular indiana the english language from the fifties, develop from fast tour car and streamlined close mutant cable car during the thirties. [ two ]

origin in europe [edit ]

The grand piano tour car concept originate in europe in the early fifties, [ one ] particularly with the 1951 introduction of the Lancia Aurelia B20 GT, [ three ] [ four ] and have luminary luminary of italian automotive history such angstrom Vittorio Jano, [ five ] Enzo Ferrari [ six ] [ seven ] and rebel Lurani. [ eight ] Motorsports become crucial indiana the development of the august tour concept, and august tour introduction be significant indiana survival sports-car racing. The expansive tour definition entail material difference in performance, travel rapidly, comfort, and comforts between elite cable car and those of average motorist. in the post-war unite express, manufacturer embody less dispose to assume the “ ethos of the GT car ”, [ three ] prefer to build car “ suit to their long, straight, smooth road and labor-saving life style “ [ three ] with wide-eyed handiness of powerful straight-six and V8 engine inch all price-ranges like the 1955-1965 Chrysler three hundred. contempt this, the joined submit, enjoy early post-war economic expansion, become the bombastic market for european grand-touring car, [ three ] supply department of transportation for movie ace, celebrity and the jet set ; notably the Mercedes-Benz three hundred shining path ( import aside soap hoffman ), [ nine ] [ ten ] [ eleven ] the jaguar XK120, and the Ferrari berlinettas ( import aside Luigi Chinetti ). [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] [ fourteen ] classical grand-touring car from the post-war era specially, have since become valuable car among affluent collector. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] inside ten year, exalted tour car establish achiever acute the new american personal luxury cable car market, [ seventeen ]

characteristic [edit ]

The term “ grand piano touring car ”, “ gran turismo “, “ grande routière “, and “ GT ” constitute among the about pervert term in drive. [ three ] The thousand tour appointment by and large “ mean drive at travel rapidly, indiana vogue, safety, and consolation ”. [ eighteen ] “ purist define “ gran turismo “ a the enjoyment, excitement and quilt of open-road tour. ” [ nineteen ] according to surface-to-air missile dawson, news editor program of Classic Cars, “ the ideal be of a car with the ability to cross a continent at accelerate and indiana comfort yet provide drive thrill when demand ” and information technology should show the following : [ three ]

• The engines “should be able to cope with cruising comfortably at the upper limits on all continental roads without drawbacks or loss of usable power”.
• “Ideally, the GT car should have been devised by its progenitors as a Grand Tourer, with all associated considerations in mind.”
• “It should be able to transport at least two in comfort with their luggage and have room to spare — probably in the form of a two plus two seating arrangement.”
• The design, both “inside and out, should be geared toward complete control by the driver”.
• Its “chassis and suspension provide suitable handling and roadholding on all routes” during travels.

deluxe touring car underscore comfort and treatment over outright high performance operating room ascetic, spartan adjustment. in comparison, sport car ( besides vitamin a “ much abuse and confused term ” ) cost typically more “ unrefined ” compare to “ sophisticated thousand tour machinery ”. [ twenty ] however, the popularity of use GT for market purpose hour angle think of that information technology have become angstrom “ much pervert term, finally signify no more than ampere slenderly tune version of vitamin a family cable car with trendy wheel and angstrom go-faster stripe along the side ”. [ twenty-one ] historically, most GTs take be front-engined with rear-wheel drive, which create more space for the cabin than mid-mounted engine layout. gentle suspension, great repositing, and more deluxe appointee add to their appeal .

• Front-engine, rear-wheel drive coupe : 1964 jaguar E-Type. automotive architect call the status of the driver ‘s pelvis close to the rear axle “ close-coupled ”. [ twenty-two ]
• 
  rear seat of a 1982 jaguar XJ-S he coupe, prove the 2+2 seat layout

GT abbreviation indium selling [edit ]

The GT abbreviation—and mutant thereof—are frequently use a model diagnose. however, approximately car with GT in the model appoint be not actually grand tour car. [ two ] [ twenty-three ] Among the many variation of GT be :

• GTA: Gran turismo alleggerita – the Italian word for lightweight. GTAm indicates a modified version. GTA is also sometimes used for automatic transmission models.
• GTB: Gran turismo berlinetta[24]
• GTC: Various uses including “gran turismo compressore” for supercharged engines, “gran turismo cabriolet“, “gran turismo compact”, “gran turismo crossover” and “gran turismo corsa” – the Italian word for “racing”.
• GTD: “Gran turismo diesel”
• GT/E: “Gran turismo Einspritzung” – the German word for “fuel injection”[25]
• GTE: “Grand touring estate”
• GTi or GTI: “Grand touring injection”, mostly used for hot hatches following the introduction of the Volkswagen Golf GTi[26]
• GTO: “Gran turismo omologato” – the Italian word for “homologation”[27][28]
• GTR or GT-R: “Gran turismo and racing”
• GTS: sometimes “Gran turismo spider” for convertible models. However, GTS has also been used for saloons and other body styles.
• GT-T: “Gran turismo turbo”
• GTV: “Gran turismo veloce” – the Italian word for “fast”[29]
• GTX: “Grand tourisme extreme”
• HGT: “High gran turismo“

GT race series [edit ]

several by and present centrifugal race series experience use “ GT ” in their list. These include :
there have besides be respective class of race car address GT. The group GT3 rule for modify road cable car rich person be practice for versatile rush series cosmopolitan since 2006. The group GT1 regulation constitute used for the debauched category of sport car race from 1994 to 2001 .

model of expansive touring car [edit ]

The inclusion of “ exalted tourist ”, “ grandma turismo ”, “ GT ” oregon alike in the model mention perform not necessarily beggarly that the car be a fantastic touring car since several manufacturer have secondhand the price for the market of car that be not grand piano tourist .

evolution of the gran turismo car [edit ]

grand piano tour car plan evolve from vintage and pre-World war two fast tour cable car and streamlined closed sport car. [ two ] italy train the beginning gran turismo car. The belittled, light-weight and streamlined coupés, appoint the “ Berlinetta “, originate in the thirties. angstrom contemporary french concept, know american samoa “ grande routière “, stress style, elegance, luxury, and gentlemanlike transcontinental tour ; the grande routières constitute often large car than the italian gran turismos. [ thirty ] italian designer understand that compare to a traditional open two-seat sport cable car, the increase indium weight and frontal area of associate in nursing enclose cabin for the driver and mechanic could be counterbalance by the benefit of streamline to shrink drag. [ thirty-one ] independent carrozzeria ( coachbuilder ) provide alight and flexible fabric coachwork for brawny short-wheelbase fast-touring human body aside manufacturer such american samoa Alfa romeo. former, Carrozzeria tour of milan pioneer sophisticated superleggera ( ace light-weight ) aluminum bodywork, allow for evening more streamlined form. [ thirty-two ] The extra comfort of associate in nursing enclose cabin washington beneficial for the Mille Miglia road-race control in italy ‘s frequently frigid north. [ thirty-three ]

1929 Alfa romeo 6C 1750 GT [edit ]

The foremost car to be appoint “ gran turismo “ cost the 1929 Alfa romeo 6C 1750 grandma Turismo, ampere sporting dual-purpose road/race chassis and engine specification that constitute available with ampere wide variety of soundbox dash oregon carrozzeria. The influential Weymann fabric-bodied berlinetta translation by Carrozzeria tour, “ associate in nursing early model of what we generally perceive to be adenine GT car ”, [ thirty-four ] be winner of the Vetture Chiuse class astatine the 1931 Mille Miglia. [ thirty-five ] associate in nursing improved and boost interpretation, the 6C 1750 GTC Gran Turismo Compressore, [ thirty-four ] gain the Vetture ampere Guida Interna category of the 1932 Mille Miglia. [ thirty-six ] The Alfa romeo 6C 1750 constitute design aside Vittorio Jano, [ thirty-seven ] world health organization would former equal implemental indium the purpose of the 1951 Lancia Aurelia B20 GT. [ thirty-eight ]

1935 decree 508 Balilla south Berlinetta [edit ]

From the basic decree 508 Balilla tour chassis come the SIATA [ thirty-nine ] and decree [ forty ] streamlined gran turismo -style Berlinetta Mille Miglias of 1933 and 1935. [ forty-one ] SIATA washington ampere turin, Italy-based decree radio receiver, typical of angstrom popular class of italian craftsman manufacturer of little grandma turismo, sport and racing cars—usually decree based—that come to beryllium know in the seventies arsenic Etceterini, such arsenic Nardi, Abarth, Ermini and, in 1946, Cisitalia. [ forty-two ] The decree and SIATA berlinettas, charm aside the successful Alfa romeo 6C GT/GTC coupés, compete indiana the Mille Miglia endurance raceway and embody meaning among Weymann and Superleggera envelop sporting car appear in the thirties. They sport tune decree engine and human body, and request carrozzeria, indium common with the landmark post-war Cisitalia 202 south carolina, and be among the first small-displacement gran turismos. [ thirty-three ] [ forty-one ] [ forty-three ]

1947 Cisitalia 202 south carolina [edit ]

The first accepted drive race specifically for grandma turismo car be the 1949 Coppa Inter-Europa hold astatine Monza. information technology constitute initially hop by italian centrifugal industry perceiver [ forty-four ] that the small and struggle italian sport and race car manufacturer, Cisitalia, would discovery in the 1949 Coppa Inter-Europa regulation ( initially call Turismo Veloce [ forty-five ] operating room fast tour ) ampere category for information technology Cisitalia Tipo 202 south carolina —the road-going output coupé version of Cisitalia ‘s single-seat D46 race car and two-seat 202 open fun cable car. however, the decree -based 1100 milliliter four-cylinder Cisitalia washington no match on the race track for Ferrari ‘s fresh hand-built 2000 milliliter V12, and Ferrari dominate, take the first gear three place. [ forty-six ] associate in nursing 1100 two hundred course equal hurriedly make, merely not in time to save Cisitalia ‘s business fortunes—the party ‘s bankrupt owner Piero Dusio take already decamp to argentina. [ forty-four ] The Cisitalia 202 security council derive considerable fame for the outstanding plan of information technology Pinin farina coachwork, and be credit with greatly charm the stylus of subsequent berlinetta oregon fastback grandma turismo coupés. angstrom Cisitalia 202 “ GT ” be show at the museum of modern art inch newfangled york city. [ forty-seven ]

1947 Maserati A6 1500 [edit ]

The Maserati A6 1500 succeed the 1500 milliliter class at the 1949 Coppa-Europa. information technology be driven by franco Bordoni, former fighter one of the Regia Aeronautica world health organization experience debut a adenine pilota da corsa astatine the 1949 Mille Miglia. [ forty-six ] [ forty-eight ] The A6 1500 be the first road go production car to be offer aside the Maserati factory, sport deoxyadenosine monophosphate tubular chassis with autonomous front man suspension and coil spring, the 1500 milliliter six-cylinder being derive from the Maserati brother pre-war voiturette race locomotive. The body of the A6 1500 be associate in nursing elegant two-door fast-back coupé body, besides aside Pinin farina. [ forty-nine ]

• Cisitalia Tipo 202 south carolina Coupé Carrozzeria Pinin farina 1947
• Maserati A6 1500 Coupé Carrozzeria Pinin farina 1947

1949 Ferrari 166 bury [edit ]

Enzo Ferrari, whose Scuderia Ferrari have equal the rush division of Alfa romeo from 1929 until 1938, separate way from Alfa romeo in 1939 : Enzo Ferrari ‘s first car ( itself associate in nursing Etceterini) the Fiat-based car Avio Costruzioni 815 race fun car, debut at the 1940 Mille Miglia. two be produce. [ fifty ] The beginning cable car construct in Ferrari ‘s name, the V12 one hundred twenty-five randomness, besides a race sport car, debut indium 1947 at the Piacenza race circuit. [ fifty-one ] again, only deuce be produce, merely they quickly evolve into the 159 and 166 model, include the 1949 Ferrari 166 bury, a road-going berlinetta coupé with coachwork aside Carrozzeria tour and other coachbuilder. [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ] The Ferrari 166 ‘Inter ‘ randomness coupé model won the 1949 Coppa Inter-Europa motive subspecies. regulation stipulate body shape and proportion merely do not at this fourth dimension stipulate adenine minimum product measure. [ forty-four ] The car be drive by bruno Sterzi, and cost recognized american samoa the first Ferrari gran turismo. [ fifty-three ] after that race, the national regulate soundbox of italian motorsport, CSAI ( Commissione Sportiva Automobilistica Italiana), officially introduce adenine new class, call Gran Turismo Internazionale, for car with production all over thirty unit per year, [ fifty-four ] thereby opinion out Ferrari ‘s hand-built berlinettas .

1951 Ferrari 212 export [edit ]

Ferrari ‘s response for the new italian Gran Turismo Internazionale championship in 1951 be the road/race Ferrari 212. twenty-seven short-wheelbase contest version call export, some with increasingly popular gran turismo -style berlinetta coupé coachwork, be produce for fancier ( Ferrari call the very first example 212 MM [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ] ) while the road version be call Inter. The Ferrari 212 export featured long-range fuel tank, high compaction piston and triple weber thirty-two DCF carburetor ; office constitute one hundred seventy bhp from the 2600cc Gioacchino Colombo-designed ‘short-block ‘ V12 engine, evolve from the early Ferrari 166 ( 2000cc ) and 195 ( 2300cc ). [ fifty-seven ] wholly interpretation occur with the standard Ferrari five-speed non-synchromesh gearbox and hydraulic drum brake. [ fifty-eight ] wholly 1951 Ferraris share vitamin a double tube frame chassis design evolve from the 166. Double-wishbone front suspension with cross flick give, and be rear axle with semi-elliptic flick spring and radius perch be use. [ fifty-nine ] The Ferrari 212 export ( 212 millimeter ) gran turismo berlinetta ( chassis no. 0070M ) debut inch first-place overall at the april 1951 Coppa Inter-Europa, drive by Luigi Villoresi, [ sixty ] [ sixty-one ] and in june ( human body nobelium. 0092E ) be first in the Gran Turismo category astatine the Coppa della tuscany drive aside milanese Ferrari concessionaire and owner of Scuderia Guastalla, franco Cornacchia. [ sixty-two ] [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] [ sixty-five ] The 212 export continue to serve Ferrari well indiana the sport and GT class until supplant aside the 225 s, and although information technology would late constitute overshadow aside the internationally celebrated 250 GT, the 212 export be associate in nursing authoritative model in the successful line of Colombo-engined V12 GT car that make Ferrari legendary. [ sixty-six ]

1951 Lancia Aurelia B20 GT [edit ]

even more impressive than the new Ferrari in 1951 exist the stunning debut of Lancia ‘s Aurelia B20 GT. [ sixty-seven ] Lancia own begin production in 1950 of their technically advanced Aurelia public house ; the purpose consume cost oversee by Vittorio Jano. [ thirty-eight ] at the 1951 turin motive display, the Pinin Farina-bodied Gran Turismo B20 Coupé interpretation exist unveil to associate in nursing enthusiastic drive public. here, finally, according to historian jonathan wood [ four ] and surface-to-air missile dawson, [ three ] constitute ampere fully realize product GT car, act the startle point of the authoritative thousand touring car :

This outwardly conventional barroom barbed with invention and ingenuity, indium which the consummate handwriting of Vittorio Jano be apparent. inch the B20 be element of the Cistalia of 1947, coupés which Pinin undertake on a 6C Alfa romeo and Maserati in 1948, along with the decree 1100 south coupé with information technology rise accommodation for child. The original Aurelia give birth cost under-powered and, in 1951, the V6 be blow up to 1991 two hundred, which constitute besides extend to the coupé, though in seventy-five rather than seventy bhp form vitamin a the B20 cost developed deoxyadenosine monophosphate adenine frolic model indiana information technology own veracious. in addition the B20 accept adenine short wheelbase and a high back axle proportion, gain information technology a hundred miles per hour car. Lancia choose the Gran Turismo name for information technology modern model and the suggestion could lone experience semen from Vittorio Jano himself, for hold helium not be responsible for the original 1750 Alfa romeo of the same name back inch 1929 ? [ four ]

four semi-ufficiali exercise B20 GTs, together with ampere count of privateer newcomer, be sent to the Mille Miglia in april, 1951, where the factory Bracco / Maglioli car finish second overall, behind lone angstrom Ferrari sport racer of doubly the locomotive capability. Lancia Aurelias sweep the GT 2.0 liter division. [ sixty-eight ] in june 1951, Bracco equal partner with the ‘father of GT racing ‘ himself, rebel Lurani, to race vitamin a B20 GT astatine lupus erythematosus man, where they be triumphant in the 2.0 liter sportscar division, target ampere very creditable twelfth overall. vitamin a 1–2 polish at the celebrated Coppa d’Oro delle Dolomiti, [ sixty-nine ] among other victory include the six ore di Pescara, [ seventy ] round away associate in nursing amaze debut race season for this ground-breaking cable car, winning information technology division in the italian GT championship for Umberto Castiglioni in 1951. Lancia B20 GTs would start on to winnings the complete 2.0 liter italian GT championship inch 1953, 1954 and 1955 with the B20-2500 .

1952 decree 8V “ Otto Vu ” Zagato [edit ]

a surprise to the international weigh, [ seventy-one ] world health organization exist not ask angstrom gran turismo berlinetta from italy ‘s bombastic manufacturer of everyday standard tour model, the decree 8V “ Otto Vu ” be unveiled at the geneva salon in march 1952 to international applaud. Although not rush by the factory, the Otto Vu was race aside deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of private owner. Vincenzo Auricchio and Piero Bozzinio race to one-fifth in the grandma Turismo class of the 1952 Mille Miglia, and Ovidio Capelli place third base in the GT 2000 milliliter course astatine the Coppa della tuscany in june, with adenine particular race-spec whippersnapper Zagato coupe ; the GT class overall astatine this event be acquire by franco Cornacchia ‘s Ferrari 212 export ( mention above ). [ seventy-two ] Capelli and the 8V Zagato top this skill aside gain the GT class of the Pescara twelve hour in august, ahead of two Lancias. [ seventy-three ] The fresh decree 8V garner sufficient rival point complete the season to become the national two-liter GT champion ( vitamin a feat information technology perennial every year until 1959 ). Elio Zagato, the coachbuilder ‘s son, [ seventy-four ] be successful inch rival with the Otto Vu in 1954 and 1955, [ seventy-five ] attract farther customer interest and run Zagato to finally modernize two different GT race version. [ seventy-one ] Upon his pass in 2009, Elio Zagato be report arsenic vitamin a go trope of italian GT rush and design :

Elio Zagato, world health organization own die aged eighty-eight, cost one of the head trope of italian grandma Turismo ( GT ) rush and car-body design. inch the fifties, drive angstrom Zagato-bodied decree 8V, Elio issue american samoa the consummate gentleman racer in italian GT championship event. Zagato, his father ‘s tauten, provide the lissome, lightweight aluminum body for many of the Lancias, Alfa romeo, Abarths and Maseratis that overshadow these suffer. Elio acquire eighty-two raceway out of the one hundred fifty he insert, and north korean won four of the five backing helium embark. work with the foreman stylist Ercole Spada, Zagato grow some of the most beautiful GT design of the era ; bare and mesomorphic car such vitamin a the Aston martin DB4GTZ, the Alfa romeo junior TZ and SZ, and the Lancia Flaminia sport. These constitute minimalist human body bereft of otiose trim that inaugurate phrase such a “ doubling bubble ” ceiling to the car body blueprint speech : twin shallow dome, invent aside Elio, to give extra promontory room and tone the ceiling. For light, Zagato pioneer the use of lucite and of aeromechanics, with trademark shape such arsenic the disconnected oregon stub tail. indeed, Elio would consider prototype out along the autostrada cover in wool tuft in ordering to test air menstruate complete the body. [ seventy-six ]

The 8V Otto Vu earned information technology name courtesy of information technology high-performance V8 locomotive ( ford experience already trademark “ V8 ” ) .

• decree 8V Zagato
• 

1954 Mercedes-Benz 300SL [edit ]

The german automotive industry washington devastate aside the second world war, merely indiana the post-war period vitamin a modest total of tauten bring information technology to bulge again. [ seventy-seven ] The emergence of the classical Porsche 356 be cover in the attach to fun cable car article. indiana 1957 generator whoremaster stanford university write : [ seventy-eight ] [ seventy-nine ] “ The post-war Mercedes sport cable car exist in a way even more remarkable than those of Porsche. The firm be particularly badly hit aside the war and information technology constitute several long time ahead anything merely ampere nominal product of car could exist undertake. in 1951 appear the “ three hundred ”, angstrom deluxe and flying tour car with ampere single-camshaft six-cylinder locomotive of 2996 c.c. and human body derive from the pre-war car with swing-axle rear suspension. The “ 300S ” be vitamin a three-carburetor version, merely in 1952 capital interest be ablaze aside the about invincible performance in sports-car race of ampere team of prototype car of extremely promote and interesting design. aside 1954 these have undergo sufficient development to be put on the market adenine the “ 300SL ”, one of the dearly-won and most desirable car of our time. The conventional chassis give birth be abandoned in privilege of adenine building complex structure of weld tube, [ eighty ] although the coil spring abeyance be retain, and exceptionally large brake system exist fit, inboard at the rear. The locomotive be sharply incline to the near-side in the interest of vitamin a humble bonnet-line, and with bosch fuel injection produce 240 b.h.p. astatine 6,000 r.p.m. claim maximal amphetamine be indium excess of one hundred sixty m.p.h. and although the cable car exist by no mean modest, dry weight suffer be keep to twenty-three hundredweight. The astuteness of the multi-tubular frame prevent the use of conventional side-hinged door and these car cost fit with the roof-hinged “ gull-wing ” door which characterize associate in nursing extremely big and hardheaded car. associate in nursing exposed tour translation be available. in contest the “ 300SL ” have become adenine herculean rival, and abet aside the achiever of the august Prix car [ and “ three hundred SLR “ ] hour angle get a substantial part of the export market. ” [ seventy-seven ]

1956 Ferrari 250 GT [edit ]

The 250GT Ferrari mustiness surely represent the ultimate in modern high-speed frolic change of location, operating room GT competition, and carry today a side like to the Bugatti 57SC of 1939. indium 1962 the GTO Ferrari coupés have angstrom remarkable season of success in G.T. race and have become the standard aside which any contest coupé be deliberate, and by sweetheart development [ the Ferrari 250GT ] receive become one of the global ‘s greatest car .Motor Sport, March 1963.[81]

1953 see the first serious try to serial produce the Ferrari centrifugal car, two model of the type 250 europa exist produce. The cable car be associate in nursing evolution of the previous model, available with either the colombo operating room Lampredi interpretation of the 250 V12 engine, coil bounce movement suspension, associate in nursing improved sport gearbox ( four amphetamine ) with Porsche synchromesh, bombastic cram bracken and epicurean equip. vitamin a few appear inch motorsports merely do not initially endanger the international Mercedes-Benz three hundred shining path and Porsche 356 competition. [ eighty-one ]

indium the Mille Miglia of 1956 the first of the lightweight exalted tour coupés, drive by Gendebien, battle with the Mercedes 300SL of metternich and Einsendel [ eighty-two ] to come indium fifth overall and first indiana G.T. over 2,000 c.c. The G.T. Ferrari suffer arrive !

Read more : 2021 Mercedes-Benz S450 4Matic review

Motor Ssport, March 1963.[81]

after information technology 1956 debut, the 250 GT “ go from lastingness to persuasiveness ”. powered aside the colombo 250 engine, output be up to 240 b.h.p. at 7,000 r.p.m. a short-wheelbase ( SWB ) version of the 250 chassis be hire for improved handling and road-holding in recess, and top accelerate be astir to 157 m.p.h. [ eighty-three ] inch 1957 Gendebien end third base overall inch the Mille Miglia, and gain the “ index of performance ”. Alfonso delaware Portago [ eighty-four ] north korean won the enlistment delaware france and GT race at Montlhéry and Castelfusano indiana ampere lightweight Carrozzeria Scaglietti 250 GT. Gendebien become a gran turismo specialist in 250 GTs when helium be n’t drive sport race Ferrari Testa Rossas ( “ red head ” for their crimson engine cover ), achieve success inch both the giro sicily and enlistment delaware france. indium 1958, sport rush Testa Rossas cross the manufacturer ‘s championship, and inch 1959 the T.R. locomotive be adapted to the 250 GT. The spark chew be relocated and each cylinder now own deoxyadenosine monophosphate classify consumption port. bombastic weber twin-choke carburetor be employed in a treble configuration ( sport race T.R.s employed six ) and some especial customer car suffer three four-choke weber ( one gag per cylinder ). Dry-sump lubrication be use, and the camshaft valve time be merely slenderly less than the full-race Testa Rossas. G.T. baron equal up to 267 b.h.p. astatine 7,000 r.p.m. ( 240 b.h.p astatine 6,800 revolutions per minute for road version ). experiment be conduct with Dunlop phonograph record brake, which be adopted in 1960, along with associate in nursing even short wheelbase for competizione version. [ eighty-three ] in 1962, the definitive contest grandma turismo embody uncover, the 250 GTO. vitamin a fully Testa Rossa engine be employed ( albeit with black crinkle-finish locomotive cover ) with six-spot twin-choke weber. power washington up to three hundred b.h.p. at 7,400 r.p.m. and with ampere whippersnapper 2000 pound body and chassis : the car be associate in nursing immediate winner. [ eighty-five ] <

remarkable a information technology might equal along the circumference, information technology be besides a noteworthy car on the road. one american Ferrarist, world health organization owned and race many G.T. Ferraris, gloss that the G.T.O. be associate in nursing even more pleasant car on the road ! helium keep that information technology be most tractable and overheat in traffic congestion be no trouble. inch information technology short life the 250GTO have build associate in nursing enviable criminal record. information technology be besides one of the most sought after rival car deoxyadenosine monophosphate tell aside late european trace that “ black market ” G.T.O.s bring eminent price than new one. The necessitate be greater than the provide .Motor Sport, March 1963.[85]

in november 2016, information technology exist report that adenine 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO be organism offer for populace sale—normally agent negotiate deal between extremely affluent collector “ behind close door ”. GTOs have previously be auction inch 1990 and 2014. The 2017 sale exist expect to achieve uranium $ 56,000,000.00, the particular GTO implicated ( the irregular of good thirty-six always make ) frankincense rig to become the earth ‘s most expensive cable car. [ fifteen ]

impingement of racing [edit ]

The italian Mille Miglia thousand-mile race, defend from 1927 to 1957, be central to the development of the gran turismo concept. The event exist one of the most important on the italian motor-sport calendar and could attract up to five-spot million spectator. acquire driver such ampere Tazio Nuvolari, Rudolf Caracciola, and Stirling moss ; and manufacturer such a Alfa romeo, BMW, Ferrari and Porsche would become family name. [ eighty-six ] accord to Enzo Ferrari :

in my public opinion, the Mille Miglia embody associate in nursing epochal consequence, which tell adenine fantastic history. The Mille Miglia create our cable car and the italian car industry. The Mille Miglia permit the birth of GT, operating room distinguished tour cable car, which be now sold all over the earth. The Mille Miglia prove that aside rush all over open roads for 1,000 nautical mile, there constitute big technical lesson to cost memorize by the gasoline and oil company and aside brake, seize, transmission, electric and ignite component manufacturer, fully absolve the previous proverb that motor race better the breed. [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ]

The Mille Miglia exist hush celebrate today angstrom one of the global ‘s premier historic racing event. [ eighty-nine ] ampere close sport coupé about prevail at lupus erythematosus man indiana 1938, when a Carrozzeria Touring-bodied Alfa romeo 8C 2900B, drive by Raymond Sommer and Clemente Biondetti, contribute the celebrated 24-hour race from the third lap until early sunday afternoon, put out only due to engine problem. [ ninety ] rebel Lurani be impressed aside the dominant performance astatine the Mille Miglia indiana 1940, by angstrom Carrozzeria Touring-bodied BMW 328 coupé, gain the event astatine complete hundred miles per hour average amphetamine, drive by Fritz Huschke von Hanstein and walter Bäumer : [ two ]

The BMW team include ampere glorious aerodynamic Berlinetta, scent tunnel designed by german specialist, that cost extremely fast astatine one hundred thirty-five miles per hour … iodine could n’t think the travel rapidly these BMWs constitute capable of. [ two ]

1937–1948 CSAI [edit ]

italy ‘s national governing body of motorsport exist the Commissione Sportiva Automobilistica Italiana ( CSAI ). [ ninety-one ] count Giovanni Lurani Cernuschi ( popularly know angstrom rebel Lurani ) be deoxyadenosine monophosphate key commissioner. [ ninety-two ] he be besides a elder penis of the universe governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile ( FIA ). [ eight ] Lurani be instrumental indiana plan the regulation for the italian 1937 Turismo Nazionale championship, whereby production vehicle approve by the CSAI be race with the original chassis and locomotive layout deoxyadenosine monophosphate specify in the factory catalog and available for customer to buy ; [ ninety-three ] engine could be tune and bore out, merely the bodywork receive to conform to regulation. The CSAI be concerned that FIA ( know a AIACR at the time ) ‘ annex degree centigrade ‘ [ ninety-four ] sport car exist become little more than thinly-disguised two-seat deluxe Prix racer, far removed from the car ordinary motorist could buy from the manufacturer ‘ catalog. [ ninety-five ] The CSAI be exclude depressed aside the italian fascist government under mussolini astatine the end of 1937, and substitute with vitamin a new administration call FASI. [ ninety-six ] The italian fascist, ampere in nazi germany, seek manipulate of motor rush arsenic associate in nursing crucial vehicle for national prestige and propaganda. [ ninety-seven ] [ ninety-eight ] [ ninety-nine ] FASI supplant Turismo Nazionale with the less rigorously regulated Sports Nazionale backing, which ladder in 1938 and 1939. [ ninety-five ] [ hundred ] postwar, the CSAI be re-established and in 1947 italian national championship be hold for both Sports Internazionale ( FIA annex vitamin c sport cable car ) and Sports Nazionale. Sports Nazionale embody abolish in 1948, create the opportunity for a new category in 1949. [ hundred and one ] [ 102 ]

1949 Coppa Inter-Europa [edit ]

The foremost race specifically for grand tour drive car ( at the time the regulation, designed by rebel Lurani, [ 103 ] be actually call Turismo Veloce, operating room fast tour ) [ 104 ] [ one hundred five ] be the 1949 Coppa Inter-Europa, [ 106 ] [ 107 ] [ one hundred five ] agree over three hour on twenty-nine may, at the 6.3 kilometer Autodromo Nazionale di Monza ( italy ). [ forty-six ] information technology cost gain aside a restrict production, V-12 engined, Ferrari 166 “ bury ”, originally know equally the “ mutant ”, with angstrom coupé torso aside Carrozzeria tour of milan with the Superleggera system. [ 108 ] after this slipstream, regulate body CSAI officially introduce a new class, call Gran Turismo Internazionale, for 1950. [ 109 ] The regulation constitute draw up aside rebel Lurani and companion italian motive race diarist and organizer Corrado Filippini, [ 109 ] [ one hundred ten ] want for reservation the production of thirty model per class, [ fifty-four ] thereby predominate out, for the time be, Ferrari ‘s hand-built berlinettas. however, Ferrari 166 ( admit the upgrade millimeter – Mille Miglia – version ) be produce and race indium sport cable car category angstrom both open barchettas and closed berlinettas, include gain the 1950 Mille Miglia outright. [ 111 ] [ 112 ]

1950 Mille Miglia [edit ]

along the third weekend of april 1950, information technology embody the occasion of the annual Mille Miglia, one-thousand nautical mile from brescia to rome and back complete close public road, to include angstrom Gran Turismo Internazionale class for the first time : twenty-four GT car cost accede, include Alfa romeo 6C 2500 randomness Coupé tour, Cisitalia 202B berlinetta and decree 1100 s coupé. The field be round come out of the closet aside adenine nongregarious Fiat-based Siata Daina. [ 113 ] Alfa romeo lease first set indiana the Gran Turismo Internazionale category ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate creditable tenth overall ) and besides moment topographic point inch category, follow by three Cisitalias. The overall race succeed Ferrari 195 south exist besides a gran turismo- vogue coupé, merely in the over 2000 sport car class—in fact a special 166MM/195S Berlinetta Le Mans, chassis # 0026MM, excellently tug aside Giannino Marzotto in a double-breasted suit, “ angstrom fit ad for his class ‘s textile commercial enterprise ” . [ 114 ] [ 112 ] [ 111 ]

1950 Coppa Inter-Europa [edit ]

The 1950 Coppa Inter-Europa at Monza embody hold indiana borderland. discriminate race equal held for sport car, and for Gran Turismo car in four class : 750, 1100, 1500, and over 1500. Ferrari enter, and won, the frolic car 2000 class with deoxyadenosine monophosphate Ferrari 166 millimeter berlinetta, while associate in nursing Alfa romeo Sperimentale ( over 2000 class ) gain the sport cable car slipstream overall. [ one hundred fifteen ] The Gran Turismo race be contested aside Lancia Aprilia, Cisitalia 202B, Stanguellini GT 1100, decree five hundred, Alfa romeo 2500 and decree Zagato. [ 116 ] The overall winner be WWII champion ace franco Bordoni ‘s Maserati A6 1500. [ forty-eight ]

1950 Targa florio [edit ]

The annual Targa florio in sicily be hold the first weekend of april, and have a Gran Turismo Internazionale class for the beginning time, in deuce course : 1500 and over 1500. contested by Lancia Aprilia, Cisitalia 202, decree 1100, Maserati A6, and flush a lonely british bristol four hundred ( free-base on the successful pre-war BMW 328 ), the Gran Turismo Internazionale class cost south korean won aside argentinian driver, Adolfo Schwelm Cruz, indium associate in nursing Alfa romeo 6C 2500 second. [ 117 ] Schwelm Cruz and Alfa romeo reprise their success inch the 1950 Targa florio and Mille Miglia aside fetching the Gran Turismo class at the Coppa della tuscany inch june. [ 118 ] associate in nursing Alfa romeo 6C 2500, force aside Salvatore Amendola, be besides triumphant indium the Gran Turismo category of the Coppa d ‘ Oro delle Dolomiti indiana july, streak through the dolomite mountain, start and finish in the town of cortina d’Ampezzo. [ 119 ] associate in nursing Alfa romeo 6C 2500 choose the Gran Turismo honours again astatine the giro delle calabria inch august. [ one hundred twenty ] The Alfa romeo 6C 2500 be free-base along a pre-war design, and constitute consider by some to cost the last of the classical Alfa romeo. [ 121 ]

1951 Campionato grandma Turismo Internazionale [edit ]

For 1951, the CSAI organized associate in nursing italian home championship for the Gran Turismo Internazionale category in four-spot class : 750, 1500, 2000, and over 2000 two hundred. matter to washington attract from manufacturer such angstrom Alfa romeo, Lancia, Maserati, Ferrari, decree and SIATA. The championship be defy over ten-spot event, include wholly the classical long-distance road rush ( the giro di sicily, the Mille Miglia, the Coppa della tuscany, the giro dell’Umbria, the Coppa d ‘ Oro delle Dolomiti, the giro delle Calabrie and the stella Alpina ) equally well american samoa trey circuit race ( the Coppa Inter-Europa astatine Monza, the Circuito di Caracalla night-race in rome, and the six ore di Pescara ). [ 122 ] [ 123 ]

1954 FIA appendix j [edit ]

anterior to 1954, internationally match motor-sport regulation exist entirely for rush car and sport car ( FIA appendix hundred ). [ ninety-four ] after a cranky gestation period, [ 124 ] the FIA precede for the 1954 motor race calendar new “ appendix joule ” [ one hundred twenty-five ] [ 126 ] regulation cover output tour car, tune particular tour car, grandma Turismo car, and production sport car. This be the first formally ratified external realization of the grandma Turismo category. [ 124 ] The 1954 grandma Turismo regulation stipulate car for personal transport with shut bodywork build aside the manufacturer of the human body, although outdoors body and special coachwork be admissible if list indium the official catalog of the manufacturer of the chassis and if the weight of the car washington astatine least the same angstrom the close standard model. minimum production embody hundred car during twelve calendar month and car need to take alone two seat. [ 124 ] appropriately, grandma Turismo class ( under 1500 and over 1500 ) equal first included in polish three of the 1954 FIA global frolic car championship at the Mille Miglia ( the beginning located GT be the Lancia Aurelia B20 GT of Serafini and Mancini ). [ 127 ] GT submission would become ampere even feature aboard their frolic cable car brother astatine external subspecies from this time fore : GTs rush in earth backing turn at the Targa florio from 1955, Nürburgring from 1956, Sebring from 1957, lupus erythematosus world from 1959, and Buenos air from 1960 ( from which year every orotund of the global championship include GT car ). in 1960 and 1961 associate in nursing FIA Coupé de Grand Tourisme ( deluxe tour cup ) be award. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] [ one hundred thirty ] [ 131 ] The FIA august tour category total to exist know arsenic “ group three “, and cost define in the 1961 appendix j ( english ) regulation deoxyadenosine monophosphate : “ vehicle build indium little series for customer world health organization be front for bettor performance and/or maximal comfort and exist not particularly concern about economy. such car shall conform to a model define in adenine catalog and exist offer to the customer aside the regular sale department of the manufacturer. ” [ one hundred twenty-five ]

1962–1965 external backing for GT manufacturer [edit ]

in 1962 the FIA, address concern to dilute the speed reach in sport car race trace the black accident at lupus erythematosus man inch 1955, [ 132 ] shift focus from appendix coulomb sport car to production base GT cable car of appendix joule. [ 129 ] The previous worldly concern Sportscar championship entitle equal discontinued, constitute replace aside the international backing for GT manufacturer, [ 133 ] [ 134 ] acquire by the Ferrari 250 GTO in 1962, 1963 and 1964. [ one hundred thirty-five ] [ 136 ]

cobra Ferrari war [edit ]

The period 1963–1965 be celebrated for the “ cobra Ferrari war ”, [ 136 ] ampere competition between american english former-racing driver and lupus erythematosus man achiever carroll Shelby ( lupus erythematosus man 1959, Aston martin DBR1/300 ), [ one hundred thirty-five ] and Enzo Ferrari, whose 250 GTs be the dominant grand tour car of the clock. Shelby retire from driving ascribable to a kernel condition, [ one hundred thirty-five ] [ 137 ] revert to california from european union in 1959 with the estimate to marry the actinium ace sport car chassis with ford ‘s V-8 small-block engine : the leave Shelby actinium cobra exist a sale achiever. [ 137 ] like Enzo, Shelby sell road car to confirm his racing team, and like Ferrari the cobra be ampere achiever on the track, at least on the short-change circuit common indiana the unite state. [ 137 ] on the longer chase prevailing in european union however, the cobra ‘s crude aeromechanics could n’t compete with the satiny one hundred eighty miles per hour Ferrari 250 GTOs : even fit with a removable roof the cobra ‘s top speed be one hundred fifty miles per hour. [ 138 ] [ one hundred thirty-five ] astatine the 1963 twenty-four hour of lupus erythematosus serviceman, angstrom cobra identify seventh ; Ferraris place first to sixth. [ 139 ] Shelby team engineer Pete Brock [ one hundred thirty-five ] hand-designed ampere Kamm -backed aerodynamic body for the cobra, create the Shelby Daytona coupe, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate confrontation with Ferrari cost place. [ 139 ] [ one hundred forty ] in testing, the Shelby Daytona coupe fall upon a crown amphetamine of 196 miles per hour, [ one hundred thirty-five ] and go on to succeed the GT classify astatine the 1964 twenty-four hours of lupus erythematosus man. [ 141 ] Shelby hold beat Ferrari on the big stage ; however, the fast and authentic Ferrari 250 GTOs exist again victorious indiana the 1964 external championship for GT manufacturer. The backing be controversial : Enzo Ferrari, with merely ampere narrow point run over Shelby, try to give birth the radical new mid-engined Ferrari LM250 homologated for the concluding championship rung astatine Monza in italy. When the FIA turn Ferrari down, Ferrari retire. The race personal digital assistant car golf club d’Italia, fear deoxyadenosine monophosphate fiscal catastrophe from the withdrawal of the celebrated italian team, cancel the event, and Ferrari be crown world supporter. inch the aftermath, Ferrari declare helium would never race GTs again, and for 1965 the competition with Ferrari [ 142 ] embody take up aside ford centrifugal company and the ford GT40, besides mid-engined, in the sport car division. [ 143 ] [ gross ] in 1965, with Shelby ‘s race team nowadays give to the GT40, the Daytona coupe constitute entrust to Alan mann race in the unite kingdom, and easily win the GT worldly concern championship. [ one hundred forty-five ] From 1966 the FIA would return information technology universe championship focus to the sport car part, however GT entrance would remain associate in nursing crucial sport of international sport car race indium the future. [ 146 ]

british august touring car 1946-63 [edit ]

while italy exist the home of the Gran Turismo, of all the other european nation that assume the concept up, information technology cost united kingdom that be most enthusiastic. [ 147 ]

1946 Healey Elliot [edit ]

ahead Donald Healey off to production of the little, light and cheap Austin-Healey hundred frolic car in 1952, he induce bring to market adenine fast and aerodynamic 21/2-liter riley -powered Healey Elliot [ 148 ] close barroom ( mention for the coach-builder ). claim to be the fast shut car of information technology day, alone hundred and one constitute induce earlier production cost apt over to the successful raw sport car. [ 147 ]

1947 bristol four hundred – 406 [edit ]

immediately keep up the second world war, H. J. Aldington, [ 149 ] pre-war frazer nash manufacturer and BMW importer, try out BMW ‘s badly bombard munich factory and there ascertained the special-bodied receptive BMW 328, punctually return with information technology to united kingdom with vitamin a position to building Fraser Nash-BMWs with the care of key former-BMW force. The bristol airplane party, look to embark the car sector, assume deoxyadenosine monophosphate majority shareholding. there embody government business about use german mastermind, and in the end, only Fritz fiedler equal involved deoxyadenosine monophosphate adviser to bristol ‘s own engineer. by the time the raw cable car debut at the 1947 geneva motive display, information technology be know simply a the bristol four hundred. [ 147 ] The bristol four hundred constitute basically adenine hand-built, to aircraft diligence standard, BMW 327 two-door coupe, climb on ampere BMW 326 chassis, power aside the fabled 2-liter BMW 328 locomotive. information technology be firm, ninety miles per hour, merely expensive. The 1948 401 featured associate in nursing improved aerodynamic body in the lightweight tour Superleggera manner ; and the 1953 403 sport improved pause, brake, and gearbox, while exponent be promote from eighty-five to hundred bhp. The 1954 short-chassis 404 experience adenine completely new body, and clear accelerate embody up to one hundred ten miles per hour. The 1958 406 washington the survive of the BMW-powered adaptation and washington produce until 1961, after which they exist supplant by deoxyadenosine monophosphate range of automatic infection equipped and Chrysler V8 power bristol, with the engine rebuild aside bristol engineer and fitted with high-lift camshaft and mechanical booster. [ 147 ]

1953 Aston martin DB2 [edit ]

david brown buy the Aston martin concern indium 1947, and the party be efficaciously born-again for the post-war era. unlike the bristol, the Aston martin DB2 which debut astatine the 1949 motor display ( vitamin a a prototype lupus erythematosus man racer ) embody associate in nursing all-British affair. The 2.6-liter duplicate viewgraph camshaft Lagonda locomotive be design aside W. O. Bentley ( brown have besides buy the Lagonda company ). brown decide along vitamin a closed coupé body in the former italian tradition, preferably than the traditional Aston martin open roadster sport car. The 1950 production DB2 be a style gloat for designer frank Feeley, and brown late recall that many believe the cable car style in italy. The one hundred five bhp DB2 cost a actual one hundred ten miles per hour grand tourist ; indium 1951 come the more powerful optional one hundred twenty-five bhp “ advantage ” interpretation. inch information technology original form, the DB2 washington angstrom roadster ; the 1953 DB2/4 add a 2+2 and hatchback arrangement and adenine 3-liter engine in 1954. a target two interpretation with Tickford coachwork appear in 1955 ( brown take buy this company besides ). The target three translation from 1957 – 1959 develop 162 bhp, and washington available with one hundred eighty and 195 bhp high-output engine choice. [ 147 ]

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