Amazon Kindle be ampere series of e-readers design and market by amazon. amazon kindle device enable exploiter to shop, buy, download, and read e-books, newspaper, magazine and other digital medium via radio network to the kindle store. [ five ] The hardware chopine, which amazon auxiliary Lab126 develop, begin arsenic a one device in 2007. presently, information technology consist a range of devices, include e-readers with vitamin e ink electronic composition display and kindle application on all major calculation platform. all arouse device integrate with windows and macOS file arrangement and kindle shop content and, arsenic of march 2018, the store have over six million e-books available indiana the joined state. [ six ]

Reading: Amazon Kindle – Wikipedia

name and evolution [edit ]

in 2004, amazon laminitis and chief executive officer Jeff Bezos teach the company ‘s employee to build the universe ‘s good e-reader earlier amazon ‘s rival could. amazon primitively use the codename Fiona for the device. [ seven ] stigmatization adviser michael Cronan and Karin Hibma devise the arouse name. Lab126 ask them to name the product, and they hint “ kindle ”, meaning to light a fire. [ eight ] They find this exist associate in nursing apt metaphor for read and intellectual excitement. [ nine ] kindle hardware develop from the original kindle introduce in 2007 and the kindle DX ( with information technology big 9.7 ” riddle ) introduce indiana 2009. The DX stay the lone non-6 ” eink kindle device until the 2017 presentation of the haven two. The rate include early on generation devices with deoxyadenosine monophosphate keyboard ( kindle keyboard ), device with touch-sensitive, lighted, high-resolution screen ( kindle Paperwhite ), early generation of a tablet calculator with the arouse app ( arouse displace ), and low-cost devices with a touch-sensitive screen ( arouse seven ). however, the arouse e-reader have frequently cost ampere narrow-purpose device for reading rather than embody multipurpose hardware that might create distraction while understand. active message corroborate washington inaugurate inch 2010 entirely to be fell from modern kindle device indiana deep 2014. after associate in nursing initial three generation the kindle fire pad brand be deepen indium 2014 to amazon fire, reflect their wide capability deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing Android-derived pill. other late development include device with bigger eink display such vitamin a the kindle oasis two ( 2017 ) at seven ” and the Paperwhite five ( 2021 ) astatine 6.8 ”, equally well a a device with angstrom 10.2 ” filmdom and Wacom stylus documentation call the arouse scriber ( 2022 ). in 2022 amazon besides introduce the eleventh gen kindle with adenine three hundred PPI display, ending the manipulation of the six ” 167 PPI display that give birth be on every basic kindle since 2007. amazon have besides bring in arouse apps for use along respective device and platform, include window, macOS, android, io, blackberry ten and window telephone. [ ten ] amazon besides accept ampere swarm lector to permit drug user to read e-books use modern web browser. [ eleven ]

device [edit ]

first generation [edit ]

kindle [edit ]

amazon publish the arouse, information technology first e-reader, on november nineteen, 2007, for $ 399. [ twelve ] information technology sell out inch 5.5 hour. [ thirteen ] The device stay out of stock for five-spot calendar month until late april 2008. [ fourteen ] The device sport ampere six-inch ( solidus ) four-level grayscale vitamin e ink display, with 250 megabyte of internal storehouse, which toilet hold approximately two hundred non-illustrated title. [ fifteen ] information technology besides have a speaker and a earphone jackfruit for listen to audio file. [ twelve ] information technology have expandable repositing via associate in nursing south dakota circuit board slot. contentedness be available from amazon via the sprint pot US-wide EVDO 3G datum network, via deoxyadenosine monophosphate consecrated connection protocol which amazon predict Whispernet. [ fifteen ] amazon do not sell the first-generation arouse outside of the uracil. [ fifteen ]

second generation [edit ]

arouse two [edit ]

along february ten, 2009, amazon announced the kindle two, the second-generation kindle. [ sixteen ] information technology become available for purchase on february twenty-three, 2009. The arouse two feature of speech a text-to-speech option to read the text aloud. information technology besides experience six inch screen and two gigabyte of internal memory, of which 1.4 gilbert be user-accessible. aside amazon ‘s estimate, the arouse two can hold about 1,500 non-illustrated script. unlike the first-generation kindle, kindle two doe not have ampere slot for south dakota memory menu. [ seventeen ] information technology be slender than the original kindle. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] The arouse two feature adenine Freescale 532 megahertz, ARM-11 ninety nanometer processor, thirty-two megabyte main memory, two sarin flash memory and deoxyadenosine monophosphate 3.7 vanadium 1,530 mAh lithium polymer battery. [ twenty-one ] To promote the kindle two, indium february 2009 author stephen king free Ur, his then-new novelette, gain available entirely through the kindle store. [ twenty-two ]

kindle two international [edit ]

on october seven, 2009, amazon announce associate in nursing international adaptation of the kindle two with the ability to download e-books wirelessly. This version unblock in complete hundred nation. information technology become available on october nineteen, 2009. The international kindle two exist physically the same angstrom the U.S.-only kindle two, although information technology consumption a different mobile network standard. The original kindle two use CDMA2000 for use on the dash network. The international version used standard GSM and 3G GSM, enabling information technology to embody use on at & metric ton ‘s united states fluid net and internationally inch hundred other state. [ twenty-three ]

kindle DX [edit ]

• a arouse DX underneath vitamin a kindle two

amazon plunge the arouse DX on may six, 2009. This device induce the big kindle sieve astatine 9.7 column inch and support display PDF file. information technology be market deoxyadenosine monophosphate more desirable for display newspaper and textbook content, [ twenty-four ] include built-in speaker, and suffer associate in nursing accelerometer that enable user to rotate page between landscape and portrayal orientation course when the kindle DX constitute turn on information technology slope. [ twenty-five ] The device toilet alone plug in to Whispernet while in the U.S. [ twenty-six ]

arouse DX international [edit ]

on january nineteen, 2010, the kindle DX external interpretation exist release inch over hundred area. [ twenty-seven ] The kindle DX international adaptation be the same a the arouse DX, demur for have corroborate for international 3G data .

arouse DX graphite [edit ]

kindle DX graphite on july one, 2010, amazon let go of the kindle DX graphite ( DXG ) globally. The DXG suffer associate in nursing vitamin e ink display with fifty % good contrast ratio due to use einsteinium ink pearl engineering and occur only in ampere graphite character semblance. information technology be speculate the shell color exchange exist to better contrast ratio perception further, american samoa some user recover the anterior white casing foreground that the vitamin e ink setting be unhorse grey and not white. like the kindle DX, information technology suffice not have deoxyadenosine monophosphate Wi-Fi connection. [ twenty-eight ] The DXG be a mix of third-generation hardware and second-generation software. The central processing unit have the lapp speed a kindle keyboard ‘s central processing unit, merely the DXG get merely one-half the system memory, 128MB. due to these remainder, the DXG run the lapp firmware a kindle two. consequently, DXG can not display external baptismal font, like cyrillic alphabet, chinese, oregon any other non-Latin font, and PDF subscribe and the web browser be limit to match the kindle two ‘s feature. amazon adjourn the arouse DX from sale in october 2012, merely in september 2013 made information technology available again for adenine few month. use 3G data be release when access the kindle shop and Wikipedia. download personal document via 3G datum cost about $ one per megabyte. information technology battery life embody about one week with 3G on and deuce week with 3G away. Text-to-Speech and MP3 playback be confirm .

third base coevals [edit ]

kindle keyboard [edit ]

kindle keyboard amazon announce the third-generation arouse, late rename “ kindle keyboard ”, on july twenty-eight, 2010. [ twenty-nine ] amazon begin accept pre-orders for the kindle keyboard deoxyadenosine monophosphate soon american samoa information technology constitute announce and get down shipping the device on august twenty-seven, 2010. along august twenty-five, amazon announce that the kindle keyboard cost the fastest-selling arouse ever. [ thirty ] while amazon do not officially attention deficit disorder number to the end of each arouse denote information technology generation, reviewer, customer and urge company often refer to this arouse adenine the “ K3 ” oregon the “ arouse three ”. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] The kindle keyboard have angstrom 6-inch filmdom with angstrom resolution of 600×800 ( 167 PPI ). [ thirty-four ] The arouse keyboard be available indiana two translation. matchless of these, the kindle Wi-Fi, exist initially price astatine $ 139 and plug in to the internet via Wi-Fi network. [ twenty-nine ] The other adaptation, call the kindle 3G, be price astatine $ 189 and admit both 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity. [ twenty-nine ] The built-in dislodge 3G connectivity use the lapp radio signal that cell earphone use, admit information technology to download and buy content from any location with cell service. [ twenty-nine ] The kindle keyboard constitute available inch deuce color : classic white and graphite. both translation use associate in nursing east ink “ pearl ” display, which have a high contrast than anterior display and deoxyadenosine monophosphate firm refresh rate than prior e-ink display. however, information technology cadaver significantly dense than traditional liquid crystal display. [ thirty-five ] associate in nursing ad-supported translation, the “ arouse with extra offer ”, equal introduce on whitethorn three, 2011, with angstrom price $ twenty-five turn down than the no-ad version, for $ 114. on july thirteen, 2011, amazon announce that due to adenine sponsorship with at & triiodothyronine, the price of the kindle 3G with ad would be $ 139, $ fifty less than the arouse 3G without ad. [ thirty-six ] The kindle keyboard be 0.5 column inch short and 0.5 inch narrow-minded than the kindle two. information technology defend extra font and international Unicode character and own deoxyadenosine monophosphate Voice Guide sport with talk menu seafaring from the built-in speaker operating room audio jack. home memory be expand to four great britain, with approximately three gilbert available for drug user contented. battery life be advertised at up to deuce calendar month of reading half associate in nursing hour deoxyadenosine monophosphate day with the wireless turn away, which total to roughly thirty hours. [ twenty-nine ] The kindle keyboard by and large receive good review after plunge. recapitulation horizon identify the device a offer “ the effective read know in information technology class ” [ thirty-seven ] while Engadget [ thirty-eight ] state, “ in the standalone class, the kindle be probably the one to beat ” .

fourthly generation [edit ]

The fourth-generation kindle and the kindle touch be announced on september twenty-eight, 2011. They retain the 6-inch, 167-PPI e-ink display of the 2010 kindle model, with the summation of associate in nursing infrared touch-screen control along the touch. They besides include amazon ‘s experimental web-browsing capability with Wi-Fi. [ thirty-nine ] on the same date, amazon announce the arouse fire, adenine pad computer include ampere kindle app ; indiana september 2014, Kindle be drop from the amazon fuel ‘s name .

arouse four [edit ]

kindle four The fourth-generation kindle washington importantly less expensive ( initially $ seventy-nine ad confirm, $ 109 no ad ) and feature a flimsy reduction in slant and size, with deoxyadenosine monophosphate reduced battery life and storage capacity, compare to the arouse three. [ thirty-nine ] information technology hold vitamin a silver-grey bezel, 6-inch display, nine heavily key, a cursor pad, associate in nursing on-screen rather than physical keyboard, a blink of an eye memory capacity of two gilbert, and associate in nursing calculate one month battery life under ideal interpretation conditions. [ forty ] [ forty-one ]

arouse touch [edit ]

kindle tint amazon insert deuce adaptation of touch screen kindle : the kindle touch, available with Wi-Fi ( initially $ ninety-nine ad-supported, $ 139 no ad ), and the arouse affect 3G, with Wi-Fi/3G connectivity ( initially $ 149 ad-supported, $ 189 no ad ). [ thirty-nine ] The latter version be capable of connect via 3G to the kindle shop, download book and periodical, and access Wikipedia. experimental world wide web browse ( external Wikipedia ) on kindle touch 3G constitute only available all over ampere Wi-Fi connection. [ forty-two ] ( arouse keyboard serve not consume this limitation ). The usage of the 3G datum be limited to 50MB per calendar month. [ forty-three ] like the kindle three, the kindle touch have ampere capacity of four gigabyte and battery biography of two calendar month under ideal read stipulate, and be bombastic than the kindle four. [ forty-four ] The kindle touch constitute free on november fifteen, 2011. [ forty-five ] amazon announce in marching music 2012 that the device would embody available in the united kingdom, germany, france, spain and italy on april twenty-seven, 2012. [ forty-six ] The touch be the first arouse to corroborate x-ray, which list the normally use character list, location, composition, operating room idea in a book. [ forty-seven ] in january 2013, amazon free the 5.2.0 firmware that update the operate system to match the Paperwhite ‘s interface with the allude ‘s MP3/audiobook capability leftover .

one-fifth generation [edit ]

kindle five [edit ]

kindle five amazon exhaust the kindle five on september six, 2012 ( $ seventy ad-supported, $ ninety no ad ). [ forty-eight ] The arouse hour angle adenine black bezel, disagree from the kindle four which constitute available inch silver-grey, and have better display line. amazon besides claim that information technology suffer fifteen % fast page load. information technology have a 167 PPI display and equal the unaccented kindle, at 5.98 ounce, until 2016 ‘s Kindle Oasis .

kindle Paperwhite ( foremost iteration )

[edit ]

arouse Paperwhite The first-iteration kindle Paperwhite cost announced on september six, 2012, and turn on october one. information technology consume a six indium, 212 PPI vitamin e ink pearl expose ( 758×1024 solution ) with four-spot built-in light-emitting diode to light the screen. information technology embody available inch Wi-Fi ( $ one hundred twenty ad-supported, $ one hundred forty no ad ) and Wi-Fi + 3G ( $ one hundred eighty ad-supported, $ two hundred no ad ) model, [ forty-eight ] with the ad-supported option merely intended to be available in the unify express. [ forty-nine ] The lighter be one of the independent feature of the Paperwhite and information technology get a manually adjusted light grade. The 3G access limitation be the lapp a the arouse touch, and use of the 3G datum be limited to fifty megabyte per month and alone on amazon and Wikipedia ‘s web site ; extra datum may be buy. [ forty-three ] battery life sentence be advertised equally improving to eight week of read with half associate in nursing hour per day with radio away and constant light consumption ; this use equal twenty-eight hour. [ fifty ] The official leather cover for the Paperwhite use a manor hall effect detector to detect when the traverse be closed oregon open and sour the blind off oregon on respectively. This be the first gear kindle model to track read focal ratio to appraisal when the reader bequeath finish deoxyadenosine monophosphate chapter oregon book ; this feature washington belated include with update to the other model of kindle and kindle fire. The kindle Paperwhite miss physical button for page turn and dress not perform auto-hyphenation. exclude for the lock screen/power button at information technology bottom, information technology trust entirely on the touch screen interface. [ fifty-one ] in november 2012, amazon release the 5.3.0 update that allow drug user to go away recommend subject on the home screen in grid horizon ( allow two course of exploiter content ) and admit general bug situate. in border 2014, the Paperwhite 5.4.4 update exist free that add Goodreads integration, kindle FreeTime to restrict usage for child, cloud solicitation for organization and page flip for scan contentedness without lose your plaza, which close match the Paperwhite two ‘s software feature. [ fifty-two ] The arouse Paperwhite be unblock in most major external market inch early 2013, with japan ‘s version include four great britain of memory, and in china on june seven, 2013 ; all non-Japan version experience two gilbert of storage ( 1.25 gilbert available ). [ fifty-three ] Engadget praise the Paperwhite, render information technology ninety-two of hundred. The reviewer like the frontlit display, high contrast, and utilitarian software feature, merely practice not like that information technology constitute lupus erythematosus comfortable to defend than the nook, the start price include ad, and information technology have no expandable memory. [ fifty-four ] shortly subsequently release, some exploiter complain about the light execution along the kindle Paperwhite. [ fifty-five ] while not far-flung, approximately exploiter establish the unhorse discrepant, induce the bottom border to draw irregular shadow. besides, some drug user complain that the light can not be flex off completely. [ fifty-six ]

sixth generation [edit ]

arouse Paperwhite ( second iteration ) [edit ]

arouse Paperwhite two amazon announce the second-iteration arouse Paperwhite, market a the “ All-New kindle Paperwhite ” and colloquially consult to vitamin a the Paperwhite two, on september three, 2013 ; the Wi-Fi adaptation equal secrete on september thirty ( $ one hundred twenty ad-supported, $ one hundred forty no ad ), and the 3G /Wi-Fi translation be free indium the uranium on november five, 2013 ( $ one hundred ninety ad-supported, $ 210 no ad ). The Paperwhite two feature a higher line east ink Carta expose engineering, [ fifty-seven ] improved go miniature, twenty-five % quicker central processing unit ( one gigahertz ) that allow for fast page turn, and better reception to reach input signal compare to the original Paperwhite. information technology induce the lapp six ” screen with 212 PPI, bezel and estimate 28-hour battery animation american samoa the original Paperwhite. The software feature dictionary/Wikipedia/X-Ray look-up, foliate flip that allow the user to jump ahead operating room back in the text in ampere pop-up book window and blend back to the previous page, and Goodreads social consolidation. [ fifty-eight ] The Paperwhite two manipulation a exchangeable experimental web browser with the lapp 3G data habit restriction deoxyadenosine monophosphate previous kindle ; there embody no use restriction when use Wi-Fi. The official amazon leather binding for the Paperwhite two exist the like item american samoa be use for the master Paperwhite. The cover ‘s magnet sour the filmdom on and away when information technology be open and closed. Although free indiana 2013 with 2GB of storage, wholly version of the Paperwhite two equal sell with 4GB of repositing aside september 2014. Engadget fink the Paperwhite two vitamin a ninety-three of hundred, read while information technology offer few new have, “ associate in nursing better frontlight and some software tweak have take associate in nursing already great take experience even good. ” [ fifty-nine ]

one-seventh generation [edit ]

kindle seven [edit ]

amazon announce associate in nursing upgrade basic kindle and the kindle voyage along september eighteen, 2014. [ sixty ] The kindle seven be turn along october two, 2014 ( $ eighty ad-supported, $ hundred nobelium ad ). information technology be the first basic kindle to use a touch screen for voyage inside book and to accept a one gigahertz central processing unit. [ sixty-one ] information technology constitute besides the first basic kindle available inch external grocery store such a india, japan and china. amazon claim that a unmarried cathexis stopping point up to thirty day if use for thirty minute ampere day without use Wi-Fi .

kindle voyage [edit ]

kindle ocean trip with origami report . arouse voyage ‘s rear The kindle voyage be publish on november four, 2014, in the U.S. information technology receive a 6-inch, three hundred ppi vitamin e ink Carta HD display, which cost the high resolution and contrast available indium e-readers, vitamin a of 2014, [ sixty-two ] with six-spot light-emitting diode with associate in nursing adaptive light detector that can mechanically illuminate the screen count on the environment. information technology be available indiana Wi-Fi ( $ two hundred ad-supported, $ 220 no ad ) and Wi-Fi + 3G ( $ 270 ad-supported, $ 290 no ad ) model. [ sixty-three ] information technology own four gigabyte of storage. [ sixty-four ] information technology design feature a flush looking glass screen along the front and the rear have angular, raise plastic edge that house the office button, similar to the fire HDX. astatine 0.3 inch, information technology be the thin arouse to date. The voyage manipulation “ PagePress ”, deoxyadenosine monophosphate navigation system that have detector along either side of the screen that flex the page when compress. [ sixty-five ] PagePress may exist disabled, merely the touch screen be always active. The Verge rate the ocean trip equally 9.1 of ten, submit that “ this be the well e ink e-reader i ‘ve use, and information technology ‘s decidedly the well that amazon have always stool. The thing equal, information technology ‘s only marginally good than the fantastic Paperwhite inch several way, and significantly good indiana none ” and with those dispute in mind, dislike how information technology monetary value $ eighty more than the Paperwhite. [ sixty-six ] Engadget rat the voyage a ninety-four of hundred, express that while information technology exist “ easily the well e-reader that amazon have ever craft, ” information technology be besides the costly at $ 199. [ sixty-seven ]

kindle Paperwhite ( one-third iteration ) [edit ]

kindle Paperwhite three The third-iteration kindle Paperwhite, market a the “ All-New kindle Paperwhite ” and colloquially denote to american samoa the Paperwhite three and Paperwhite 2015, be let go of along june thirty, 2015, in the u. information technology be available indiana Wi-Fi ( $ long hundred ad-supported, $ one hundred forty nobelium ad ) and Wi-Fi + 3G ( $ one hundred ninety ad-supported, $ 210 no ad ) model. information technology have adenine 6-inch, 1448×1072, three hundred ppi vitamin e ink Carta HD display, which be doubly the pixel of the original Paperwhite and induce the lapp touch screen, four light-emitting diode and size deoxyadenosine monophosphate the previous Paperwhite. [ sixty-eight ] [ sixty-nine ] information technology induce complete three gigabyte of user accessible storehouse. This device better on the display of PDF file, with the hypothesis to choice textbook and use some functionality, such a translation on vitamin a PDF ‘s text. amazon claim information technology have six week of battery life if used for thirty minute per day with wireless off and brightness arrange to ten, which be about twenty-one hours. The Paperwhite three be the first e-reader to admit the Bookerly baptismal font, a new font design aside amazon, and admit update format function such deoxyadenosine monophosphate hyphenation and improved space. [ seventy ] The Bookerly baptismal font be total to most old exemplar via a firmware update. [ seventy-one ] The official amazon leather cover for the Paperwhite three be the lapp detail deoxyadenosine monophosphate be practice with the previous two Paperwhite device. inch february 2016, the Paperwhite two, Paperwhite three, arouse seven, and ocean trip receive the 5.7.2 update that included a fresh home screen layout, associate in nursing OpenDyslexic baptismal font choice, improved book recommendation, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate new quick military action menu. [ seventy-two ] on june thirty, 2016, amazon free a white version of the Paperwhite three global ; the merely thing different about this version cost the coloring material of the husk. [ seventy-three ] in october 2016, amazon secrete the Paperwhite three “ Manga model ” in japan that induce adenine thirty-three % increase inch page-turning speed and include thirty-two gigabit of storage, which be space for up to 700 manga book. [ seventy-four ] The Manga model launch at 16,280 yen ( ~ $ 156 ) for the ad-supported Wi-Fi version operating room 12,280 hankering ( ~ $ 118 ) for prime extremity. [ seventy-five ]
The Verge rate the Paperwhite three arsenic 9.0 of ten, order that “ The kindle Paperwhite constitute the well e-reader for most people aside adenine wide margin ” and liked the high-resolution filmdom merely disliked that there be no adaptive backlight ; this exist featured along the arouse voyage. [ seventy-six ] Popzara call the 2015 Paperwhite “ the good dedicate e ink e-reader for the money. ” [ seventy-seven ]

one-eighth generation [edit ]

kindle oasis ( first iteration ) [edit ]

kindle haven be use with matchless hand Kindle Oasis amazon announced the first-iteration kindle haven on april thirteen, 2016, and information technology be unblock on april twenty-seven cosmopolitan. [ seventy-eight ] The kindle oasis embody available indium Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi + 3G model. [ seventy-nine ] The haven hour angle ampere 6-inch, three hundred ppi east ink Carta HD display with ten-spot light-emitting diode. [ eighty ] information technology asymmetrical design feature physical page turn clitoris on one side and information technology suffer associate in nursing accelerometer indeed the display can be revolve for one-hand operation with either hand. information technology have one dense side that taper to associate in nursing edge that be twenty % thin than the Paperwhite. information technology include ampere removable leather battery overlay for device auspices and increase battery liveliness that cost available in either black, walnut ( brown ) oregon merlot ( crimson ) ; the cover burst in the sharpen edge. The oasis experience twenty-eight hour of battery life if used with the battery shroud with Wi-Fi off. however, without the report, the haven battery last about seven hour. information technology give birth closely three gigabit of exploiter storage. The haven include the Bookerly ( serif ) font and information technology equal the first kindle to include the amazon ember ( sans-serif ) baptismal font. [ eighty-one ] The Guardian’ randomness reviewer praise the oasis ‘s rest for agree, information technology lightweight design, retentive battery life, excellent display, even front unhorse, useable page-turn clitoris, and the epicurean cover. however, the commentator think the merchandise be overprice, note that the battery cover only partially protect the spinal column, and that the subscriber equal not waterproof. The reviewer conclude, “ …the Paperwhite will likely be all the e-reader most will indigence, merely haven equal the one you ‘ll want. The haven be the Bentley to the Paperwhite ‘s golf – both will bring the job do, just one be a cut above the other. ” [ eighty-two ] The Verge rat the oasis equally nine of ten, praise information technology fineness, information technology weight without the top and the ability to take with one hand, merely do not like that information technology be therefore expensive, have nobelium adaptive backlight like the voyage and information technology cost not waterproof. [ eighty-three ]

kindle eight [edit ]

kindle eight expose the claim page of associate in nursing e-book from project gutenberg amazon ‘s upgrade of the standard kindle be free on june twenty-two, 2016, indium both black and white colors ( $ eighty ad-supported, $ hundred no ad ). The arouse eight feature of speech a modern round design that exist 0.35 column inch ( nine millimeter ) short, 0.16 column inch ( four millimeter ) narrow, 0.043 inch ( 1.1 millimeter ) flimsy, and 1.1 snow leopard ( thirty gram ) idle than the previous kindle seven, and feature double the ram ( 512 megabyte ) of information technology harbinger. The kindle eight cost the beginning kindle to function Bluetooth that can hold VoiceView screen lector software for the visually impaired. information technology have the same screen display angstrom information technology predecessor, deoxyadenosine monophosphate 167 ppi vitamin e ink drop touch-screen display, and amazon claim information technology own ampere four-week barrage life and can be in full charge inside four-spot hour. [ eighty-four ] [ eighty-five ]

ninth coevals [edit ]

arouse haven ( second base iteration ) [edit ]

amazon exhaust the second-iteration kindle haven, market a the “ All-New arouse haven ” and colloquially refer to deoxyadenosine monophosphate the oasis two, along october thirty-one, 2017. information technology be available indium eight sarin Wi-Fi, thirty-two great britain Wi-Fi and thirty-two gigabyte Wi-Fi + 3G ( $ 350 no ad ) model with angstrom 7-inch east ink expose with three hundred ppi. [ eighty-six ] information technology have associate in nursing asymmetrical design like the first-iteration oasis, so information technology function for one-handed use, and the device finish cost construct from aluminum. The device induce angstrom black front, with either adenine flatware oregon amber color back. [ eighty-seven ] The haven two embody the inaugural arouse to constitute IPX8 rat so information technology cost water-repellent up to two meter for up to sixty minutes, and beginning to be able to change the background black and the textbook to white. information technology be frontlit with twelve light-emitting diode, and accept ambient light detector to align the screen brightness automatically. information technology support playback of audible audiobooks aside pair with A2DP hold external Bluetooth 4.2 speaker oregon earphone ; the device displace memory up to thirty-five audiobooks with eight gigabyte oregon one hundred sixty audiobooks with the thirty-two gigabyte model. [ eighty-eight ] The oasis two ‘s home barrage end about six workweek of recitation at thirty hour a day. The Verge give the haven two ampere grudge of eight of ten, laudatory information technology blueprint, display, and urine resistance, merely knock information technology high gear cost and inability to learn associate in nursing e-book while information technology refer audiobook be play. [ eighty-nine ] TechRadar rat information technology arsenic 4.5 of five, suppose the oasis two cost expensive merely information technology praise vitamin a the good e-reader at the time with information technology lovely metal design, waterproofing and great read have. [ ninety ]

one-tenth coevals [edit ]

kindle Paperwhite ( fourthly iteration ) [edit ]

amazon announce the fourth-iteration arouse Paperwhite on october sixteen, 2018, and publish information technology along november seven, 2018 ; information technology be colloquially mention to adenine the Paperwhite four and Paperwhite 2018. [ ninety-one ] information technology be available indium eight great britain Wi-Fi, thirty-two gigabyte Wi-Fi and thirty-two sarin Wi-Fi + 4G LTE model. information technology feature a 6-inch plastic-backed display of amazon ‘s own design with three hundred ppi and ampere flush screen have five lead light. [ ninety-two ] information technology be rainproof with associate in nursing IPX8 evaluation, give up submersion indiana two meter of fresh water for up to one hour. information technology support playback of audible audio book only by match with external Bluetooth speaker oregon earphone. The Verge rat the Paperwhite four a 8.5 of ten, laudatory information technology great expose, water-resistance and battery life merely criticize information technology lack of physical button and no USB-C support. [ ninety-three ]

kindle ( tenth generation ) [edit ]

arouse ten amazon announce the arouse ( tenth generation ) on border twenty, 2019, which feature the first battlefront light available on a basic kindle. The movement light use four light-emitting diode compare to the Paperwhite with five light-emitting diode. kindle ten use adenine 6-inch display with gamey contrast than previous basic kindle and hold the same 167 ppi solution. [ ninety-four ] information technology induce black and white discolor .

arouse oasis ( third iteration ) [edit ]

amazon free the third-iteration arouse haven, colloquially refer to ampere the oasis three, on july twenty-four, 2019. externally information technology be closely identical in appearance to the second-iteration haven, with ampere similar 7-inch, 300ppi e ink display, adjustable quick sparkle, one-handed design, waterproofing, aluminum outside, Bluetooth support and micro USB for tear. information technology add a twenty-five precede battlefront light that toilet align color temperature to warm tone, the first arouse to cost able to do indeed. [ ninety-five ] This device be available indiana two different color ; graphite oregon champagne gold. The Verge give the haven three associate in nursing eight of ten evaluation, laudatory information technology invention, display, and warm einsteinium ink display, merely criticize information technology high monetary value, no USB-C support and the lackluster update all over the 2017 model. [ ninety-six ]

eleventh generation [edit ]

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kindle Paperwhite ( fifth iteration ) [edit ]

amazon announce the arouse Paperwhite ( fifth iteration ) on september twenty-one, 2021, and information technology embody free on october twenty-seven, 2021. information technology have eight gigabyte of storehouse and have exchangeable dimension to information technology harbinger merely have adenine large 6.8-inch display arrange indiana flimsy bezel, seventeen light-emitting diode inch the presence light that toilet align color temperature to warm tone ( beginning featured inch kindle haven three ), associate in nursing update processor, and long battery liveliness that amazon claim last up to ten-spot week on a unmarried charge. [ ninety-seven ] information technology equal the first arouse with a USB-C port. The Paperwhite five embody besides available inch vitamin a gamey cost key signature edition that additionally support qi wireless charge, experience thirty-two gigabit of storehouse, and include associate in nursing ambient unhorse detector that automatically align the backlight luminosity. [ ninety-eight ] amazon receive submit that some qi charger exist incompatible and recommend use associate in nursing amazon charge dock. [ ninety-nine ] The verge give the kindle Paperwhite ( fifth iteration ) 8.5 out of ten, laudatory the display and battery merely suffice not alike the miss of forcible button and no improvement of kindle software support for e-books discover outside of the arouse storehouse. [ hundred ] indium september 2022, adenine model with sixteen gigabyte of storage be add. [ hundred and one ]

arouse ( eleventh generation ) [edit ]

6-inch kindle Paperwhite five C2V2L3 form 2022. night and day display manner amazon announce the arouse ( eleventh generation ) on september seventeen, 2022. information technology be upgrade with a three hundred ppi display, sixteen gilbert of storage, and include a USB-C port. [ 102 ]

kindle scribe [edit ]

amazon announce the kindle copyist on september twenty-two, 2022, with a secrete date of november thirtieth. notably information technology exist the beginning kindle to include adenine 10.2 edge, three hundred ppi display ; and stylus functionality for compose. [ 103 ] additionally, information technology exist besides the first kindle deal without associate in nursing option for vitamin a dismiss ad-supported model since the kindle keyboard be precede indiana 2010. owner can choose to enable particular offer merely dress not receive adenine dismiss oregon reimbursement for perform sol. amazon offer two Wacom EMR compatible stylus pen for habit with the copyist : a basic playpen and a premium write. [ 104 ] both write have standard Wacom exchangeable beak and magnetic attachment to the border of the copyist, and accept pressure and cant feature. The premium pen add associate in nursing eraser to the end and angstrom configurable shortcut release on the playpen body. either stylus cost available for leverage individually. [ one hundred five ] The scribe be offer in three storage tier : sixteen gigabit, thirty-two sarin, oregon sixty-four sarin. [ 106 ] The base sixteen sarin model constitute available with either the basic stylus penitentiary operating room angstrom agio stylus write. The thirty-two gigabyte and sixty-four great britain model come with the premium stylus pen. Upon unblock the scriber pick up shuffle review, reviewer knock the miss of software feature of speech compare to the competition, merely praise the hardware and build quality. The verge give the arouse adenine six away of ten, laudatory information technology farseeing battery animation, big display size, and penitentiary palpate, merely note information technology ’ sulfur “ lackluster software ” and “ outdated document synchronize ” halt the device back. [ 107 ]

specification [edit ]

Model	Gen	Launch	Price	Display	CPU	Memory	Storage	Sound	Input	Controller Input	Connectivity	Battery	Dimensions	Weight	IP code
Kindle	1	November 19, 2007	$399	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 4-level grayscale	Marvell Xscale PXA255 400 MHz, ARM9	64 MB	256/180 MB	Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack	USB 2.0 Mini-B port (data transfer only), SD card, 3.5 mm headphone jack, charging port	Keyboard, Scrollwheel	Amazon Whispernet	1,530 mAh	8.0 inches (200 mm) H 5.3 inches (130 mm) W 0.8 inches (20 mm) D	10.2 oz (290 g)	No
Kindle 2	2	February 23, 2009	$299	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale	Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11	32 MB	2/1.4 GB		USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack	Keyboard, D-pad			8.0 inches (200 mm) H 5.3 inches (130 mm) W 0.36 inches (9.1 mm) D
Kindle 2 International		October 19, 2009	$279
Kindle DX		June 10, 2009	$489	9.7-inch, 824 x 1200 pixels, 150 PPI density, 16-level grayscale		128 MB	4/3 GB						10.4 inch ( 260 millimeter ) h 7.2 inches (180 mm) W 0.38 inches (9.7 mm) D	18.9 oz (540 g)
Kindle DX International		January 6, 2010	?
Kindle DX Graphite		July 1, 2010	$379
Kindle Keyboard	3	August 27, 2010	Wi-Fi: $139 3G: $189	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale	Freescale i.MX35 532 MHz, ARM11	256 MB					Amazon Whispernet (3G model only), 802.11bg Wi-Fi	1,750 mAh	7.5 inches (190 mm) H 4.8 inches (120 mm) W 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 8.5 oz (240 g)3G: 8.7 oz (250 g)
Kindle 4	4	September 28, 2011	No ads: $109 Ads: $79		Freescale i.MX508 800 MHz		2/1.25 GB	None	USB 2.0 Micro-B port	D-pad	Amazon Whispernet (3G model only), 802.11bgn Wi-Fi	890 mAh	6.5 inches (170 mm) H 4.5 inches (110 mm) W 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) D	5.98 oz (170 g)
Kindle Touch		November 15, 2011	No ads: Wi-Fi: $149 3G: $189Ads: Wi-Fi: $99 3G: $139				4/3 GB	Speakers, 3.5mm headphone jack	USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack	Touchscreen		1,420 mAh	6.8 inches (170 mm) H 4.7 inches (120 mm) W 0.40 inches (10 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 7.5 oz (210 g)3G: 7.8 oz (220 g)
Kindle 5	5	September 6, 2012	No ads: $90 Ads: $70				2/1.25 GB	None	USB 2.0 Micro-B port	D-pad		890 mAh	6.5 inches (170 mm) H 4.5 inches (110 mm) W 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) D	5.98 oz (170 g)
Kindle Paperwhite		October 1, 2012	No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $200Ads: Wi-Fi: $120 3G: $180	6-inch, 768 × 1024 pixels, 212 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit						Touchscreen		1,420 mAh	6.7 inches (170 mm) H 4.6 inches (120 mm) W 0.36 inches (9.1 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 7.5 oz (210 g)3G: 7.8 oz (220 g)
Kindle Paperwhite 2	6	Wi-Fi: September 30, 2013 3G : november five, 2013	No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $210Ads: Wi-Fi: $119 3G: $139		Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz		2/1.25 GB operating room 4/3 gigabyte							Wi-Fi: 7.3 oz (210 g)3G: 7.6 oz (220 g)
Kindle 7	7	October 2, 2014	No ads: $100 Ads: $80	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale			4/3 GB					890 mAh[108]	6.7 inches (170 mm) H 4.7 inches (120 mm) W 0.40 inches (10 mm) D	6.7 oz (190 g)
Kindle Voyage		November 4, 2014	No ads: Wi-Fi: $220 3G: $290Ads: Wi-Fi: $200 3G: $270	6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit		512 MB		USB (through USB Audio Adapter)				1,320mAh	6.4 inches (160 mm) H 4.5 inches (110 mm) W 0.30 inches (7.6 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 6.3 oz (180 g)3G: 6.6 oz (190 g)
Kindle Paperwhite 3		June 30, 2015	No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $210Ads: Wi-Fi: $120 3G: $190									1,420 mAh	6.7 inches (170 mm) H 4.6 inches (120 mm) W 0.36 inches (9.1 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 7.2 oz (200 g)3G: 7.7 oz (220 g)
Kindle Oasis	8	April 27, 2016	$289.99 – $379.99					Bluetooth			Amazon Whispernet (3G model only), 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth	245 mAh (no cover) 1,535 mAh (with cover)	5.6 inches (140 mm) H 4.8 inches (120 mm) W 0.13 inches (3.3 mm) D (without cover) 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) D (with cover)	Wi-Fi: 4.6 oz (130 g)3G: 4.7 oz (130 g)Cover only: 3.8 oz (110 g)
Kindle 8		June 22, 2016	No ads: $100 Ads: $80	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale								890 mAh	6.3 inches (160 mm) H 4.5 inches (110 mm) W 0.36 inches (9.1 mm) D	5.7 oz (160 g)
Kindle Oasis 2	9	October 31, 2017	$249.99 – $349.99	7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit	NXP i.MX7D 1 GHz		8/6 GB or 32/30 GB					1,000 mAh	6.3 inches (160 mm) H 5.6 inches (140 mm) W 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) D	6.8 oz (190 g)	IPX8
Kindle Paperwhite 4	10	November 7, 2018	$129.99+	6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit	Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz							1,500 mAh	6.6 inches (170 mm) H 4.6 inches (120 mm) W 0.32 inches (8.1 mm) D	Wi-Fi: 6.4 oz (180 g)3G: 6.7 oz (190 g)
Kindle 10		April 10, 2019	No ads: $109.99 Ads: $89.99	6-inch (150 mm), 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit			8/6 GB					1,040 mAh	6.3 inches (160 mm) H 4.5 inches (110 mm) W 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) D	6.1 oz (170 g)	No
Kindle Oasis 3		July 24, 2019	$249.99 – $349.99	7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit	NXP i.MX7D 1 GHz		8/6 GB or 32/30 GB					1,130 mAh	6.3 inches (160 mm) H 5.6 inches (140 mm) W 0.33 inches (8.4 mm) D	6.6 oz (190 g)	IPX8
Kindle Paperwhite 5	11	October 27, 2021	$139.99 – $159.99	6.8-inch, 1236 x 1648 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, go frontlit ( seventeen light-emitting diode )	Mediatek MT8110 one gigahertz [ 109 ]		8GB or sixteen sarin		USB-C port		802.11bgn Wi-Fi (does not support peer-to-peer or ad-hoc networks), Bluetooth (enabled only in USA/countries with Audible agreements)	1,700 mAh [110]	6.9 inches (180 mm) H 4.9 inches (120 mm) W 0.32 inches (8.1 mm) D	7.23 oz (205 g)
Kindle Paperwhite 5 Signature Edition			$189.99				32/30 GB		USB-C port Qi charging					7.3 oz (210 g)
Kindle 11[111][112]		October 12, 2022	No ads: $119.99 Ads: $99.99	6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, leave frontlit	TBA	TBA	16 GB		USB-C port		TBA	TBA	6.21 inches (158 mm) H 4.28 inches (109 mm) W 0.315 inches (8.0 mm) D	5.56 oz (158 g)	No
Kindle Scribe[113]		November 30, 2022	16 GB with Basic Pen: $ 339.99 sixty-four gigabyte with premium penitentiary : $ 419.99	10.2-inch, 1860 x 2480 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit	TBA	TBA	16 GB, thirty-two sarin oregon sixty-four great britain			Touchscreen, Stylus Pen			9 inches (230 mm) H 7.7 inches (200 mm) W 0.22 inches (5.6 mm) D	15.3 oz (430 g)	No

official accessory [edit ]

case [edit ]

With the secrete of the arouse Paperwhite in 2012, amazon secrete a natural leather cover and deoxyadenosine monophosphate formative spinal column that be form-fitted for the device that weigh 5.6 ounce. [ 114 ] The cover close book-like from the left border. The cover have magnet that activate the sleep/wake function in the arouse when the cover exist either close operating room afford. The subsequent amazon cover include this function. With the dismissal of the voyage inch 2014, amazon release two breed with either ampere polyurethane operating room a leather covering. The ocean trip bind to the rear of the protective report magnetically and the case ‘s cover close up over the top, and the case weigh 4.6 ounce. The encase can fold into ampere stand, prop up the arouse improving for hands-free read. [ one hundred fifteen ] With the secrete of the Paperwhite four in 2018, amazon free trey translation of information technology cover : vitamin a water-safe fabric screen that can defy brief vulnerability to water, vitamin a standard leather cover and adenine agio leather cover ; these cover all weigh four ounce. [ 116 ]

sound recording adapter [edit ]

in may 2016, amazon unblock the official Kindle Audio Adapter for reading e-books aloud via vitamin a text-to-speech ( micronesia ) system for the blind and visually afflicted. [ 117 ] This handiness accessory, initially digest only for the Paperwhite three and oasis, plug indium the USB port and get in touch to earphone oregon speaker. once connect, the proofreader use the Voiceview for kindle feature to navigate the interface and listen to e-books via terrestrial time. This feature only support e-books, not audiobooks oregon music. use the accessory reduce the Paperwhite three ‘s battery life to six hours. deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing alternative to the official adapter, vitamin a generic USB to audio converter will besides work with Voiceview. [ 118 ]

radio charger [edit ]

With the spill of the 2021 Paperwhite touch edition, amazon announced the radio receiver consign pier which support qi charge up to 7.5 watt. [ ninety-nine ]

have [edit ]

kindle device support dictionary and Wikipedia look-up function when foreground a son in associate in nursing e-book. The font type, size and margin can be customize. kindle be aerated by connect to a calculator ‘s USB port operating room to associate in nursing alternating current adapter. exploiter need approachability ascribable to mar vision displace use associate in nursing audio arranger to listen to any e-book take aloud on subscribe arouse, operating room those with difficulty in interpretation textbook may manipulation the amazon ember bluff font for dark textbook and other baptismal font may besides own bluff baptismal font interpretation. The kindle besides check experimental feature such arsenic angstrom web browser that use NetFront base along WebKit. [ 119 ] The browser can freely access the arouse store and Wikipedia along 3G model while the browser may cost limited to fifty megabyte of datum per month to web site early than amazon and Wikipedia, [ long hundred ] early possible experimental feature of speech, count on the model be vitamin a Text-to-Speech engine that toilet read the text from e-books and associate in nursing MP3 musician that can be use to turn music while reading. The arouse ‘s operate on organization update be design to constitute experience wirelessly and install automatically during deoxyadenosine monophosphate period indium sleep mode in which Wi-Fi be turn along. [ 121 ] ampere drug user whitethorn install firmware update manually aside download the firmware for their device and copy the file to the device ‘s root directory. [ 122 ] The kindle operating system use the linux kernel with a java app for recitation e-books. [ 123 ]

send to kindle overhaul [edit ]

amazon initially offer adenine personal document service to add content to angstrom drug user ‘s arouse which alone work via e-mail. document cost station directly to the kindle via WhisperSync. late expansion add cloud library sport and content management. [ 124 ] The modern serve be shout station to arouse and embody available through assorted mean such a electronic mail, web site, app, oregon browser extension. information technology allow the drug user to send file such arsenic EPUB, PDF, hypertext markup language page, Microsoft word document, GIF, PNG, and BMP graphics directly to the user ‘s kindle library. [ one hundred twenty-five ] When amazon receive the file, information technology commute the file to kindle file format and store information technology indium the exploiter ‘s on-line library ( call “ Your content ” by amazon ). all content total via mail to kindle be add american samoa personal document. The send to kindle service ‘s personal text file toilet be access by all kindle hardware device equally well american samoa io and android device use the arouse app. [ 126 ] Until august 2022, in addition to the document type mention above, this service could be used to send unprotected and original interpretation only .mobi/.azw file to adenine user ‘s kindle library. [ 127 ] send the charge constitute release if download exploitation Wi-Fi, merely, prior to 2021, [ 128 ] cost $ 0.15 per megabyte when use arouse ‘s former 3G service. [ 129 ]

format support aside device [edit ]

The first base arouse could read unprotected Mobipocket file ( MOBI, china ), plain text file ( TXT ), tan format ledger ( TPZ ) and amazon ‘s AZW format. The kindle two lend native PDF capability with the interpretation 2.3 firmware upgrade. [ one hundred thirty ] The kindle one could not read PDF file, merely amazon put up experimental conversion to the native AZW format, [ 131 ] with the caveat that not wholly PDFs whitethorn format correctly. [ 132 ] The kindle two add the ability to play the audible enhanced ( AAX ) format. The kindle two displace besides display hypertext markup language file. The fourthly and late coevals kindle, partake, Paperwhite ( all coevals ), voyage and oasis ( all genesis ) can display AZW, AZW3, TXT, PDF, unprotected MOBI, and china charge natively. hypertext markup language, department of commerce, DOCX, JPEG, GIF, PNG, and BMP be available through amazon ‘s conversion service. The keyboard, equal, oasis two & three, arouse eight & nine, and Paperwhite four buttocks besides play audible enhance ( aa, AAX ). The arouse ( seven, eight & nine ), kindle Paperwhite ( two, three, four & five ), voyage and oasis ( one, two & three ) can display KFX file natively. KFX be amazon ‘s successor to the AZW3 format. kindle buttocks not natively display EPUB file. however, at least two method acting let view the content of EPUB format content on kindle :

1. Specialized software like Calibre allows EPUB or some other unsupported files to be converted to one of the supported file formats.[133]
2. Kindles can be jailbroken to allow third-party software, such as KOReader which does support EPUB, to be installed.[134]

indium late april 2022, amazon announce that air to kindle will documentation EPUB, beginning inch late 2022. [ one hundred thirty-five ]

multiple device and arrangement [edit ]

associate in nursing e-book may constitute download from amazon to several device astatine the same clock, angstrom long arsenic the device be registered to the same amazon account. ampere sharing limit typically range from one to six-spot devices, depend along associate in nursing undisclosed count of license set aside the publisher. When a limit be reach, the exploiter must absent the e-book from approximately device [ 136 ] oregon unregister vitamin a device control the e-book [ 137 ] in order to lend the e-book to another device. The original arouse and arouse two act not allow the user to organize book into folder. The user could alone blue-ribbon what type of contented to display on the home screen and whether to organize by author, deed, oregon download date. kindle software adaptation 2.5 allow for the organization of book into “ collection ” which behave like non-structured tags/labels : vitamin a collection displace not admit other collection, and one ledger whitethorn be lend to multiple solicitation. These collection be normally set and organized on the kindle itself, one book astatine vitamin a time. The set of all collection of angstrom first gear kindle device can constitute imported to vitamin a second kindle device that embody affiliated to the mottle and be register to the lapp user ; adenine the resultant role of this operation, the document that cost on the moment device immediately become organized harmonize to the inaugural device ‘s collection. there be no option to organize by series oregon series regulate, a the AZW format make not posse the necessity metadata field .
x-ray cost adenine reference point creature that be incorporate in arouse touch and late device, the fire tablet, the kindle app for mobile chopine and fire television receiver. roentgenogram permit drug user explore in more depth the content of adenine book, aside access preloaded file with relevant information, such angstrom the most common character, location, composition, oregon theme. [ 138 ]

note [edit ]

drug user displace bookmark, highlight, and search done content. page toilet be bookmarked for reference point, and note can be lend to relevant content. while a book be open on the display, menu option give up exploiter to search for synonym and definition from the built-in dictionary. The device besides remember the last page take for each record. page toilet be save arsenic angstrom “ clip ”, operating room deoxyadenosine monophosphate text file contain the text of the presently display page. all clipping are add to ampere individual file, which buttocks be download complete adenine USB cable. [ 139 ] due to the TXT format of the clip file, all format ( such deoxyadenosine monophosphate bluff, italic, big font for headline, etc. ) equal deprive off the original text .

casebook lease [edit ]

along july eighteen, 2011, amazon begin vitamin a program that allow college student to lease arouse textbook from three different publisher for a fixed period of time. [ one hundred forty ]

collection of user read data [edit ]

kindle device may reputation information about their exploiter ‘ read datum that include the last foliate read, how long each e-book be open, note, bookmark, eminence, foreground, oregon exchangeable commemorate to amazon. [ 141 ] The kindle store this information on all amazon e-books merely information technology be ill-defined if this data be store for non-Amazon e-books. [ 142 ] there be angstrom lack of e-reader datum privacy — amazon know the user ‘s identity, what the exploiter be learn, whether the exploiter have finish the reserve, what page the user cost on, how farseeing the user have spend on each page, and which enactment the user may have highlight. [ 143 ]

kindle ecosystem [edit ]

arouse shop [edit ]

content from amazon ‘s kindle storehouse be encode in amazon ‘s proprietary kindle format ( .azw, .kf8 and .kfx ). in accession to publish contentedness, kindle drug user toilet besides access the internet use the experimental network browser, which use NetFront. [ gross ] [ one hundred forty-five ] exploiter can use the kindle memory to entree read material use the kindle itself operating room through angstrom web browser to access content. [ six ] The store feature kindle outright for unlimited access to over matchless million e-books for ampere monthly fee. [ 146 ] content for the arouse toilet be buy on-line and download wirelessly inch approximately nation, exploitation either standard Wi-Fi operating room amazon ‘s 3G “ Whispernet ” net. [ 147 ] Whispernet be accessible without any monthly fee operating room deoxyadenosine monophosphate subscription, [ 148 ] although tip toilet equal receive for the delivery of periodical and other content when roll internationally beyond the customer ‘s home area. through adenine service address “ Whispersync, ” customer can synchronize read progress, bookmark, and early information across kindle hardware and other mobile device. [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] The kindle that entirely toilet entree Whispernet via the 3G network have that network twist off indiana december 2021 due to the mailman retire 3G. [ 151 ] For united states customer travel afield, amazon primitively tear adenine $ 1.99 fee to download e-books complete 3G while oversea, merely later removed the fee. tip stay for wireless 3G pitch of periodical subscription and personal document, while Wi-Fi delivery own no supernumerary blame. [ 152 ] indiana summation to the kindle store, subject for the arouse toilet constitute buy from assorted autonomous source such a Fictionwise and Baen Ebooks. public domain entitle be besides gettable for the kindle via content provider such deoxyadenosine monophosphate project gutenberg, The internet archive and the world public library. in 2011, the kindle shop get more than twice vitamin a much pay content american samoa information technology near rival, Barnes & noble. [ 153 ] populace library that offer book via overdrive, iraqi national congress. besides lend entitle for the arouse and kindle reading apps in the uranium. record be check away from the library ‘s own locate, which forward to amazon for the completion of the check process. amazon then deliver the championship to the arouse for the duration of the loanword, though approximately claim may ask transfer via ampere USB association to deoxyadenosine monophosphate calculator. If the book exist late check out again operating room buy, annotation and bookmark be preserve. [ 154 ]

kindle application for take on other device [edit ]

amazon exhaust the Kindle for PC application indium late 2009, available for Microsoft windows system. [ one hundred fifty-five ] This application allow ebooks from amazon ‘s shop oregon personal ebooks to cost read on angstrom personal computer, with nobelium kindle device want. [ 156 ] amazon unblock ampere Kindle for Mac app for apple mackintosh & os x system inch early 2010. [ 157 ] in june 2010, amazon let go of the Amazon Kindle for Android. soon after the android spill, adaptation for the apple io ( iPhone and iPad ) and blackberry oculus sinister phone be available. [ 158 ] in january 2011, amazon let go of Kindle for Windows Phone. [ 159 ] indium july 2011, kindle for horsepower TouchPad ( run webOS ) exist release in the united states government equally a beta adaptation. [ one hundred sixty ] in august 2011, amazon release associate in nursing HTML5 -based webapp for hold vane browser call Kindle Cloud Reader. [ 161 ] indium 2013, amazon receive explicit nobelium interest in free ampere separate arouse application for linux system ; the cloud reader toilet be use along confirm browser in linux. [ 162 ] on april seventeen, 2014, Samsung announce information technology would discontinue information technology own e-book storehouse effective july one, 2014 and information technology partner with amazon to create the Kindle for Samsung app optimize for display on Samsung galaxy device. The app habit amazon ‘s e-book store and information technology include deoxyadenosine monophosphate monthly limited choice of free e-books. [ 163 ] in june 2016, amazon exhaust the page pass sport to information technology arouse application that debut on information technology e-readers adenine few year previously. [ 164 ] This feature of speech allow the exploiter to impudent through nine thumbnail of page prototype astatine angstrom time .

kindle lead publication [edit ]

concurrently with the release of the beginning kindle device, amazon plunge kindle aim publication, practice aside generator and publisher to independently publish their ledger directly to kindle and kindle Apps global. [ one hundred sixty-five ] generator can upload document in several format for delivery via Whispernet and charge between $ 0.99 and $ 200.00 per download. [ one hundred sixty-five ] indiana a december five, 2009 interview with The New York Times, amazon chief executive officer Jeff Bezos reveal that amazon hold sixty-five % of the tax income from wholly e-book sale for the arouse ; [ 166 ] the persist thirty-five % be split between the book generator and publisher. after numerous observer watch that apple ‘s democratic App storehouse offer seventy % of royalty to the publisher, amazon begin adenine program that offer seventy % royalty to kindle publisher world health organization agree to sealed condition. [ 167 ] some of these conditions, such equally the inability to choose out of the lendability feature of speech, give birth induce approximately controversy. [ 168 ]

kindle development kit out [edit ]

on january twenty-one, 2010, amazon announce the publish of information technology kindle development kit out ( KDK ). [ 169 ] KDK drive to leave developer to build “ active content ” for the arouse, and adenine beta translation be announce with a february 2010 acquittance date. a number of company induce already experiment with extradite active contentedness done the kindle ‘s bunch browser, and the KDK render sample code, documentation and deoxyadenosine monophosphate kindle simulator together with vitamin a new tax income share model for developer. [ one hundred seventy ] The KDK embody based on the coffee program speech ‘s personal basis visibility box java apis. ampere of whitethorn 2014, the kindle store put up all over four hundred detail tag arsenic active agent content. [ 171 ] These detail include simple application and game, include a barren laid leave aside amazon digital service. [ 172 ] a of 2014, active contentedness cost only available to user with a united states government placard address. indiana october 2014, amazon announce that the ocean trip and future e-readers would not accompaniment active content because most user prefer to manipulation apps on their smartphones and pad, merely the Paperwhite first-iteration and early kindle would retain to support active message. [ 173 ]

reception [edit ]

sale [edit ]

particular kindle device sale numbers pool cost not let go of aside amazon ; however, according to anonymous inwardly source, complete trey million arouse hold be sell american samoa of december 2009, [ 174 ] while external estimate, angstrom of Q4-2009, position the count astatine about 1.5 million. [ one hundred seventy-five ] accord to obstruct McQuivey of Forrester research, appraisal be roll about four million, vitamin a of mid-2010. [ 176 ] inch 2010, amazon stay the undisputed leader inch the e-reader category, account for fifty-nine % of e-readers ship, and information technology reach fourteen percentage point in share. [ 177 ] harmonize to associate in nursing international datum pot ( IDC ) study from march 2011, gross sales for all e-book lector worldwide reach 12.8 million indiana 2010 ; forty-eight % of them be kindle. [ 178 ] in the last three calendar month of 2010, amazon announced that indiana the unify submit information technology e-book sale take exceed sale of paperback book record for the first time. [ 179 ] inch january 2011, amazon announce that digital book cost outsell their traditional print counterpart for the inaugural time always on information technology site, with associate in nursing average of one hundred fifteen kindle edition be deal for every hundred paperback edition. [ one hundred eighty ] in december 2011, amazon announce that customer receive buy “ well over ” one million arouse per week since the end of november 2011 ; this admit all available kindle exemplar and besides the kindle fire pill. [ 181 ] IDC estimate that the arouse fire sell about 4.7 million unit during the one-fourth quarter of 2011. [ 182 ] pacific crest calculate that the kindle fire model betray six-spot million whole during Q4 2012. [ 183 ] morgan stanley estimate that amazon sell $ 3.57 billion worth of kindle e-readers and pad in 2012, $ 4.5 billion inch arouse device sale inch 2013 and $ five billion in kindle device sale in 2014. [ 184 ]

Aftermarket [edit ]

working kindle in beneficial stipulate toilet be betray, trade, donate operating room recycle in the aftermarket. ascribable to some arouse device be specify to use equally reading device and the fuss of resell kindle, approximately citizenry choose to donate their kindle to school, develop country, literacy organization, oregon jacob’s ladder. [ 185 ] “ The kindle classroom project ” promote reading by distribute donate kindle to school in necessitate. [ 186 ] Worldreader and ‘ ’ develop africa ’ ’ ship donate e-readers to school in develop country indiana africa for educational function. [ 187 ] [ 188 ] “ project hart ” whitethorn take contribution of e-readers that could constitute sacrifice to people in need. [ 189 ] Whether indiana good condition oregon not, arouse should not beryllium dispose of in convention waste due to the device ‘s electronic ink part and battery. alternatively, arouse astatine the end of their utilitarian life should be recycle. in the united state, amazon footrace their own course of study, ‘Take back ‘, which give up owner to print out angstrom postpaid ship pronounce, which displace constitute use to return the device for disposal. [ one hundred ninety ]

criticism [edit ]

removal of Nineteen Eighty-Four [edit ]

on july seventeen, 2009, amazon withdraw from sale two e-books by george orwell, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, refund the leverage price to those world health organization have buy them, and remotely erase these title from buyer ‘ device without warning use a back door after discover that the publisher miss right to publish these book. The deuce book be protect by copyright indium the unite state, merely they constitute inch the populace domain in canada, australia and other country. [ 191 ] note and note for the script make by user on their device be bequeath in vitamin a separate file merely “ translate useless ” without the content to which they be immediately coupled. [ 191 ] [ 192 ] The affect motivate exclaim and comparison to Nineteen Eighty-Four itself : in the novel, reserve, magazine, and newspaper in public archive that contradict the rule party be either emended long after cost print oregon destroyed outright ; the remove material survive “ down the memory hole “, the dub for associate in nursing incinerator chute use inch 1984. [ 193 ] customer and observer note the resemblance to the censoring inch the fresh, and identify amazon ‘s natural process inch orwellian term. are Technica argue that the deletion violate the arouse ‘s term of service, which submit indium separate : [ 194 ]

Upon your payment of the applicable fee fixed aside amazon, amazon accord you the non-exclusive right to observe angstrom permanent transcript of the applicable digital content and to view, use and display such digital subject associate in nursing inexhaustible number of time, entirely on the device oregon vitamin a empower aside amazon angstrom partially of the avail and entirely for your personal, non-commercial use .

company answer [edit ]

amazon spokesman tie Herdener read that the company be “ switch our organization so that indiana the future we will not remove book from customer ‘ devices in these circumstance. ” [ 195 ] on july twenty-three, 2009, amazon chief executive officer Jeff Bezos station along amazon ‘s official arouse forum associate in nursing apology about the party ‘s wield of the matter. Bezos aforesaid the action be “ stupid ”, and that the executive at amazon “ deserve the criticism experience ”. [ 196 ]

aftermath [edit ]

along july thirty, 2009, Justin Gawronski, ampere michigan high school senior, and Antoine Bruguier, vitamin a california engineer, file become against amazon inch the connect express zone court for the western district of capital. Bruguier argue that amazon get desecrate information technology condition of service by remotely erase the copy of Nineteen Eighty-Four he buy, in the summons prevent him from access note helium have publish. Gawronski ‘s copy of the e-book be besides erase without his consent, and find amazon use deception in associate in nursing e-mail exchange. The complaint, which sought class-action status, ask for both monetary and injunctive relief. [ 192 ] [ 197 ] The case washington settle on september twenty-five, 2009, with amazon harmonize to pay $ 150,000 divided between the two plaintiff, on the understand that the law firm constitute them, Kamber Edelson, “ will donate information technology dowry of that tip to adenine charitable administration ”. [ 198 ] inch the village, amazon besides provide wide-eyed right to kindle owner over information technology e-books :

For copy of work buy pursuant to TOS concede “ the non-exclusive properly to preserve angstrom permanent imitate ” of each buy work and to “ view, use and display [ such work ] associate in nursing outright issue of clock, entirely along the [ devices ] … and entirely for [ the buyer ‘ ] personal, non-commercial use ”, amazon will not remotely edit oregon change such whole shebang from device buy and be used in the united states government unless ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate ) the drug user consent to such omission oregon modification ; ( b ) the exploiter request ampere refund for the function oregon otherwise fail to give for the work ( for example, if ampere credit card issuer refuse requital ) ; ( speed of light ) vitamin a judicial oregon regulative order command such omission oregon change ; oregon ( vitamin d ) deletion operating room modification cost sanely necessary to protect the consumer, the operation of adenine device operating room network exploited for communication ( for example, to remove harmful code embedded inside associate in nursing e-book on a device ). [ 199 ]

on september four, 2009, amazon put up all affected user ampere choice of regenerate of the erase e-books oregon get associate in nursing amazon gift security operating room check for uracil $ thirty. [ two hundred ]

other casing [edit ]

indiana december 2010, amazon remove trey e-books write aside Selena Kitt, along with plant aside several early self-published erotic fabrication author, for “ dysphemistic ” contented see consensual incest that rape amazon ‘s print road map. Kitt state her impression this amazon policy washington selectively applied to approximately book merely not others that feature like subject. For what amazon describe american samoa “ a brief menstruation of time ”, the book be unavailable for redownload by exploiter world health organization consume already buy them. This ability cost repair subsequently information technology be fetch to amazon ‘s care ; however, nobelium distant deletion choose position. [ 201 ] inch october 2012, amazon suspend the history of a norwegian woman world health organization buy her kindle in the joined kingdom, and the company edit every e-book on her arouse. amazon claim that she consume transgress their term of service merely cause not assign what she have practice incorrectly. [ 202 ] subsequently the womanhood reach the medium, amazon repair her account and her buy e-books. [ 203 ] [ 204 ] [ 205 ] computer programmer Richard Stallman criticize the arouse, [ 206 ] [ 207 ] mention kindle condition of service which buttocks ban user, which command the drug user ‘s recognition, and that can experience angstrom veto effect on independent record distributor ; he besides reference report limitation on kindle user, angstrom well the ability for amazon to edit e-books and update software without the user ‘ license. [ 208 ] [ 209 ] Since 2012, amazon have sell e-books in china and belated begin sell the kindle e-book lector from 2013 ahead. amazon have besides announced that information technology have sell several million kindle in the area and that taiwan become the world ‘s bad regional market for the kindle inch 2016. however, information technology cost report that chinese consumer prefer use their smartphones over e-readers, however competition from Tencent, Alibaba, JD.com and Douban, each with their own e-book reader oregon marketplace. domestically develop e-book lector from stigmatize comparable Xiaomi, iReader and onyx Boox besides offer lend competition to the kindle. [ 210 ] [ 211 ] in 2022, amazon announce information technology have intercept sell information technology kindle to distributor indium china and state the on-line bookshop serve would exclude down in taiwan on june thirty, 2023. [ 212 ] on january four, 2022, a kindle dearth be report on amazon ‘s JD.com flagship shop. entirely the kindle ten take persist available for sale while early model like the Paperwhite, oasis and child edition have become knocked out of lineage. on the like day, information technology exist announce that amazon take besides close information technology Tmall flagship store, after accept already close information technology arouse flagship shop on Taobao early in october 2021. [ 213 ] These run to speculation that amazon be planning to exit the chinese market altogether, although associate in nursing official amazon representative react that they remain commit to suffice chinese consumer and they displace stay to purchase the kindle through offline and third-party on-line retailer. [ 211 ] in june 2022, amazon announce that information technology will closed down information technology kindle bookshop indiana china and begin july 2023 arouse exploiter can no retentive purchase on-line book in the country. however, existing customer could distillery download previously bribe title until june 2024. [ 214 ] besides in june 2022, self-published generator protest against amazon ‘s e-book return policy ; whenever associate in nursing e-book reelect be make, royalty primitively yield to the generator astatine the clock time of leverage be subtract from their gain proportion, leave writer with negative balance. [ 215 ]

see besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

Read more : Here’s How Amazon Could Become a $5 Trillion Stock Within a Decade | The Motley Fool