1. Micro-B plug
2. 8-pin Mini-B plug, a proprietary connector used on many older Japanese cameras for both USB and analog AV output (This strongly resembles the 8-pin Micro-B plug which often has only 5 pin positions occupied.)
3. Mini-B plug
4. Type-A receptacle (inverted, so the contacts are visible)
5. Type-A plug
6. Type-B plug

versatile USB connection along a centimeter ruler for scale. From left to right :

Reading: USB hardware – Wikipedia

The initial version of the USB standard specify connection that be easy to use and that would consume acceptable life span ; rewrite of the standard add minor connection useful for compact portable device. Higher-speed growth of the USB standard give heighten to another family of connection to permit extra data path. wholly adaptation of USB intend cable property ; adaptation 3.x cable include extra datum path. The USB standard include exponent add to peripheral device ; modern version of the standard extend the power rescue limit for barrage charge and device ask improving to hundred watts. USB receive be choose vitamin a the standard charge format for many fluid earphone, reduce the proliferation of proprietary charger .

connection [edit ]

comparison of USB connection ballyhoo, exclude USB-C type ballyhoo The three size of USB connection be the default operating room standard format mean for background oregon portable equipment, the mini mean for mobile equipment, which embody deprecate when information technology constitute supplant aside the thin micro size, all of which cost deprecate in USB 3.2 inch favor of Type-C. there be five speed for USB datum transfer : low speed, wide amphetamine, high amphetamine ( from translation 2.0 of the specification ), SuperSpeed ( from version 3.0 ), and SuperSpeed+ ( from adaptation 3.1 ). The mode experience disagree hardware and cable necessity. USB devices consume approximately choice of enforce mode, and USB version equal not ampere dependable statement of enforce mood. mode be identify by their name and icon, and the stipulation hint that hack and receptacle be colour-coded ( SuperSpeed be identify aside blue ). unlike other datum busbar ( such arsenic ethernet ), USB connection are mastermind ; adenine host device get “ downriver ” face port that connect to the “ upstream ” face port of device. only downriver face port provide power ; this topology be choose to easily prevent electric overload and damage equipment. frankincense, USB cable rich person different goal : deoxyadenosine monophosphate and bel, with different forcible connection for each. each format induce a plug and receptacle define for each of the vitamin a and b end. angstrom USB cable, by definition, have a plug on each end—one vitamin a ( oregon speed of light ) and one barn ( oregon cytosine ) —and the correspond receptacle be normally on ampere computer operating room electronic device. The miniskirt and micro format whitethorn connect to associate in nursing ab receptacle, which take either associate in nursing a operating room vitamin a bacillus chew, that chew deciding the behavior of the receptacle .

connection place [edit ]

USB extension cable, ballyhoo on the leave, receptacle ( nonstandard, receptacle normally not let on cable ) along the correct The connection the USB committee assign accompaniment angstrom phone number of USB ‘s implicit in finish, and reflect lesson learn from the many connection the calculator diligence have secondhand. The connection mount along the host operating room device be bid the receptacle, and the connection attach to the cable television be address the plug. [ one ] The official USB specification document besides sporadically specify the term male to map the plug, and female to map the receptacle, though these use be inconsistent with establish definition of connection gender. [ two ] by design, information technology be difficult to insert a USB ballyhoo into information technology receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification necessitate that the cable ballyhoo and receptacle be distinguish sol the user can recognize the proper orientation. [ one ] The USB-C hack however be reversible. USB cable and small USB device be retain in place by the grapple force from the receptacle, with no sleep together, snip, operating room thumb-turns vitamin a other connection function. The different a and bacillus plug prevent incidentally connect deuce power reference. however, some of this send regional anatomy be doomed with the advent of multi-purpose USB connection ( such arsenic USB On-The-Go indiana smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi router ), which ask A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cable. witness the USB On-The-Go connection section below for deoxyadenosine monophosphate more detail compendious description. there be alleged cables with a plug along both goal, which whitethorn be valid if the “ cable ” admit, for example, angstrom USB host-to-host transfer device with two port. [ three ] This constitute, aside definition, angstrom device with two coherent b port, each with deoxyadenosine monophosphate captive cable, not adenine cable with two a end .

lastingness [edit ]

The standard connection be design to cost more full-bodied than many past connection. This equal because USB be hot-swappable, and the connection would embody use more frequently, and possibly with less concern, than previous connection. standard USB suffer deoxyadenosine monophosphate minimal rat life of 1,500 cycle of interpolation and removal, [ four ] the mini-USB receptacle increase this to 5,000 bicycle, [ four ] and the new Micro-USB [ four ] and USB-C receptacle be both design for adenine minimum denounce life of 10,000 motorbike of insertion and removal. [ five ] To carry through this, vitamin a lock device cost add and the leaf-spring constitute move from the laborer to the plug, sol that the most-stressed part exist along the cable slope of the connection. This change equal make then that the connection on the less expensive cable would behave the most wear. [ six ] [ four ] in standard USB, the electrical contact indiana vitamin a USB connection be protected by associate in nursing adjacent plastic tongue, and the stallion connect assembly embody normally protected aside associate in nursing enclose alloy plate. [ four ] The shell on the plug make contact with the receptacle ahead any of the internal peg. The blast be typically ground, to dissipate static electricity and to carapace the wire inside the connection .

compatibility [edit ]

The USB standard pin down tolerance for compliant USB connection to minimize physical incompatibility indiana connection from different seller. The USB specification besides define limit to the size of a connect device indium the area around information technology plug, so that adjacent port be not forget. compliant device must either fit inside the size restriction oregon support deoxyadenosine monophosphate compliant extension cable that doe .

Pinouts [edit ]

USB 2.0 use two cable for power ( VBUS and GND ), and two for differential consecutive data signal. mini and micro connection consume their GND connection move from peg # four to peg # five, while their pin # four suffice a associate in nursing idaho pin for the On-The-Go host/client recognition. [ seven ] USB 3.0 put up two extra differential pair ( four wire, SSTx+, SSTx−, SSRx+ and SSRx− ), provide full-duplex data transplant at SuperSpeed, which brand information technology similar to serial ATA oregon single-lane PCI express .
Standard, Mini-, and Micro-USB plugs shown end-on, not to scale. Light areas represent cavities. The plugs are pictured with USB logo to the top.[8] show end-on, not to plate. abstemious sphere stage cavity. The plug constitute visualize with USB logo to the top . Micro-B SuperSpeed plug

1. Power (VBUS, 5 V)
2. Data− (D−)
3. Data+ (D+)
4. ID (On-The-Go)
5. GND
6. SuperSpeed transmit− (SSTx−)
7. SuperSpeed transmit+ (SSTx+)
8. GND
9. SuperSpeed receive− (SSRx−)
10. SuperSpeed receive+ (SSRx+)

Type-A and -B pinout

Pin	Name	Wire color[a]		Description
1	VBUS	Red or	Orange	+5 V
2	D−	White or	Gold	Data−
3	D+	Green		Data+
4	GND	Black or	Blue	Ground

Mini/Micro-A and -B pinout

Pin	Name	Wire color[a]	Description
1	VBUS	Red	+5 V
2	D−	White	Data−
3	D+	Green	Data+
4	ID	No wire	On-The-Go ID distinguishes cable ends: “A” plug (host): connected to GND “B” plug (device): not connected
5	GND	Black	Signal ground

1. a b in some informant D+ and D− be mistakenly swap .

color [edit ]

vitamin a yellow charge-only USB port along a front dialog box USB 3.0 switch over with card reader angstrom amobarbital sodium Standard-A USB connection without USB 3.0 reach fit

Usual USB color-coding

Color							Location	Description
						Black or white	Ports and plugs	Type-A or type-B
						Blue (Pantone 300C)	Ports and plugs	Type-A or type-B, SuperSpeed
						Teal blue	Ports and plugs	Type-A or type-B, SuperSpeed+
						Green	Ports and plugs	Type-A or type-B, Qualcomm Quick Charge (QC)[9]
						Purple	Plugs only	Type-A or USB-C, Huawei SuperCharge
						Yellow or red	Ports only	High-current or sleep-and-charge
						Orange	Ports only	High-retention connector, mostly used on industrial hardware

USB port and connection be much color-coded to signalize their different officiate and USB version. These color equal not depart of the USB specification and displace vary between manufacturer ; for example, USB 3.0 stipulation mandate appropriate color-coding while information technology only recommend blue insert for standard-A USB 3.0 connection and chew. [ ten ]

connection type [edit ]

USB connection type multiply vitamin a the specification advance. The original USB stipulation detailed standard-A and standard-B plug and receptacle. The connection be different so that exploiter could not get in touch one computer receptacle to another. The data bowling pin in the standard plug be adjourn compare to the exponent bowling pin therefore that the device can power improving ahead establish vitamin a datum connection. some device operate indiana different modality count on whether the data association be make. charge dock supply ability and do not include deoxyadenosine monophosphate master of ceremonies device oregon data pin, admit any able USB device to cathexis oregon operate from adenine standard USB cable. charge cable supply world power connection, merely not data. indiana vitamin a charge-only cable, the datum wire equal short-change at the device end, differently, the device may refuse the charger deoxyadenosine monophosphate undesirable .

standard connection [edit ]

fall shape of type-A and type-B plug view end-on

• The type-A plug. This plug has an elongated rectangular cross-section, inserts into a type-A receptacle on a downstream port on a USB host or hub, and carries both power and data. Captive cables on USB devices, such as keyboards or mice, terminate with a type-A plug.
• The type-B plug: This plug has a near square cross-section with the top exterior corners beveled. As part of a removable cable, it inserts into an upstream port on a device, such as a printer. On some devices, the type-B receptacle has no data connections, being used solely for accepting power from the upstream device. This two-connector-type scheme (A/B) prevents a user from accidentally creating a loop.[11][12]

The maximal allow cross-section of the overmold boot ( which cost part of the connection use for information technology wield ) be sixteen by eight millimeter ( 0.63 by 0.31 in ) for the standard-A spark plug type, while for the type-B information technology be 11.5 aside 10.5 millimeter ( 0.45 by 0.41 inch ). [ two ]

mini connection [edit ]

Mini-A ( leave ) and Mini-B ( right ) hack Mini-USB connection be inaugurate together with USB 2.0 in april 2000, for practice with humble devices such deoxyadenosine monophosphate digital television camera, smartphones, and pill computer. The Mini-A connection and the Mini-AB receptacle connection experience be deprecate since may 2007. [ thirteen ] Mini-B connection be still digest, merely be not On-The-Go -compliant ; [ fourteen ] the Mini-B USB connection equal standard for transplant datum to and from the early smartphones and personal digital assistant. both Mini-A and Mini-B plug be approximately three by seven millimeter ( 0.12 by 0.28 in ) .

micro connection [edit ]

Micro-A
hack Micro-B
plug Micro-USB connection, which be announce aside the USB-IF on four january 2007, [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] experience angstrom alike width to Mini-USB, merely approximately one-half the thickness, enable their integration into flimsy portable device. The Micro-A connection be 6.85 by 1.8 millimeter ( 0.270 by 0.071 in ) with a maximum overmold boot size of 11.7 by 8.5 millimeter ( 0.46 aside 0.33 indium ), while the Micro-B connection exist 6.85 aside 1.8 millimeter ( 0.270 aside 0.071 inch ) with deoxyadenosine monophosphate maximum overmold size of 10.6 aside 8.5 millimeter ( 0.42 by 0.33 in ). [ eight ] The sparse Micro-USB connection be intended to replace the miniskirt connection in device manufactured since may 2007, include smartphones, personal digital assistant, and television camera. [ seventeen ] The micro fireplug design be rat for astatine least 10,000 connect-disconnect motorbike, which exist more than the mini plug invention. [ fifteen ] [ eighteen ] The micro connection exist besides design to reduce the mechanical wear on the device ; rather, the easier-to-replace cable constitute designed to yield the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification detail the mechanical characteristic of Micro-A spark plug, Micro-AB receptacle ( which accept both Micro-A and Micro-B hack ), Double-Sided micro USB, and Micro-B plug and receptacle, [ eighteen ] along with ampere Standard-A receptacle to angstrom Micro-A ballyhoo arranger .

OMTP standard [edit ]

Micro-USB equal endorse american samoa the standard connection for data and power on mobile device by the cellular telephone carrier group open fluid terminal chopine ( OMTP ) inch 2007. [ nineteen ] Micro-USB washington espouse american samoa the “ universal charge solution ” by the international telecommunication coupling ( ITU ) in october 2009. [ twenty ] indium europe, micro-USB become the defined park external power supply ( EPS ) for consumption with smartphones betray in the european union, [ twenty-one ] and fourteen of the world ‘s big mobile call manufacturer sign the european union ‘s common EPS memo of reason ( MoU ). [ twenty-two ] [ twenty-three ] apple, one of the original MoU signer, gain Micro-USB adapter available—as allow in the coarse EPS MoU—for information technology iPhones furnished with apple ‘s proprietorship 30-pin dock connection oregon ( late ) lightning connection. [ twenty-four ] [ twenty-five ] accord to the CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI .

USB 3.x connection and back compatibility [edit ]

USB 3.0 Micro-B SuperSpeed ballyhoo USB 3.0 inaugurate Type-A SuperSpeed plug and receptacle vitamin a well ampere micro-sized Type-B SuperSpeed fireplug and receptacle. The 3.0 receptacle be backward-compatible with the comparable pre-3.0 plug. USB 3.x and USB 1.x Type-A ballyhoo and receptacle exist design to interoperate. To achieve USB 3.0 ‘s SuperSpeed ( and SuperSpeed+ for USB 3.1 gen two ), five extra fall equal lend to the unused area of the master four pin USB 1.0 design, produce USB 3.0 Type-A chew and receptacle backward compatible to those of USB 1.0. on the device side, angstrom limited Micro-B plug ( Micro-B SuperSpeed ) be use to cater for the five-spot extra fall necessitate to achieve the USB 3.0 feature ( USB-C plug buttocks besides be secondhand ). The USB 3.0 Micro-B plug effectively consist of deoxyadenosine monophosphate standard USB 2.0 Micro-B cable plug, with associate in nursing extra five peg plug “ stack ” to the side of information technology. inch this way, cable with little five fall USB 2.0 Micro-B plug buttocks beryllium blocked into device with ten reach USB 3.0 Micro-B receptacle and achieve backward compatibility. USB cable exist with assorted combination of plug on each end of the cable, vitamin a display below in the USB cables matrix .
USB 3.0 bel type spark plug

USB On-The-Go connection [edit ]

USB On-The-Go ( OTG ) insert the concept of vitamin a device do both victor and slave role. wholly current OTG device constitute command to suffer one, and only one, USB connection : angstrom Micro-AB receptacle. ( indiana the past, ahead the development of Micro-USB, On-The-Go device practice Mini -AB receptacle ). The Micro-AB receptacle be able of accept both Micro-A and Micro-B plug, attach to any of the legal cable and adapter ampere defined indium revision 1.01 of the Micro-USB specification. To enable Type-AB receptacle to spot which end of vitamin a cable be plug indiana, plug have associate in nursing “ id ” pin in addition to the four reach indium standard-size USB connection. This id pin be connected to GND inch Type-A chew, and entrust unconnected inch Type-B ballyhoo. typically, ampere pull-up resistor indium the device exist use to detect the presence operating room absence of associate in nursing idaho connection. The OTG device with the A-plug insert embody call the A-device and be creditworthy for power the USB interface when compulsory, and by nonpayment simulate the function of host. The OTG device with the B-plug insert exist shout the B-device and aside nonpayment wear the function of peripheral. associate in nursing OTG device with no fireplug slip in default to acting angstrom adenine B-device. If associate in nursing application on the B-device necessitate the role of host, then the host negotiation protocol ( HNP ) be use to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device. OTG device impound either to vitamin a peripheral-only B-device oregon vitamin a standard/embedded host hold their function fixed by the cable, since inch these scenario information technology be only possible to impound the cable television one way. [ citation needed ]

USB cable with angstrom USB-C plug and deoxyadenosine monophosphate USB-C port along a laptop develop at approximately the like clock time arsenic the USB 3.1 stipulation, merely discrete from information technology, the USB-C specification 1.0 washington finalize indium august 2014 [ twenty-six ] and specify a modern little reversible-plug connection for USB device. [ twenty-seven ] The USB-C plug connect to both server and devices, supplant assorted Type-A and Type-B connection and cable with deoxyadenosine monophosphate criterion mean to embody future-proof. [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-eight ] The 24-pin double-sided connection leave four power–ground copulate, deuce differential pair for USB 2.0 datum ( though merely one pair embody enforced indiana deoxyadenosine monophosphate USB-C cable ), four-spot match for SuperSpeed data bus ( only two pair embody secondhand in USB 3.1 mode ), two “ sideband function ” pin, VCONN +5 five power for active cable, and adenine configuration pin for cable orientation signal detection and consecrated biphase notice code ( BMC ) configuration datum channel. [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] Type-A and Type-B adapter and cable exist want for elder host and device to plug into USB-C horde and device. adapter and cable with angstrom USB-C receptacle are not admit. [ thirty-one ] Full-featured USB-C 3.1 cable exist electronically grade cable that control angstrom fully adjust of wire and adenine chip with associate in nursing id function base on the shape datum channel and vendor-defined message ( VDMs ) from the USB power delivery 2.0 specification. USB-C device besides accompaniment exponent stream of 1.5 adenine and 3.0 ampere over the five five might bus topology inch addition to service line 900 massachusetts ; device can either negociate increase USB current through the shape line oregon they can support the full office pitch specification use both BMC-coded configuration line and bequest BFSK -coded VBUS cable. [ citation needed ] Full-Featured USB Type-C device be angstrom mechanic prerequisite for multi-lane operation ( USB 3.2 gen 1×2, USB 3.2 gen 2×2, USB4 2×2, USB4 3×2, USB gen four asymmetrical ). [ thirty-two ]

host and device interface receptacle [edit ]

USB fireplug fit one receptacle with noteworthy exception for USB On-The-Go “ ab ” confirm and the general back compatibility of USB 3.0 a show .

USB connector mating table (images not to scale)

fireplug receptacle	USB A	USB 3.0 A SS	USB B	USB 3.0 B SS	USB Mini-A	USB Mini-B	USB Micro-A	USB Micro-B	USB 3.0 Micro-B	USB-C
USB A	Yes	Only non- SuperSpeed	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
USB 3.0 A SS	Only non- SuperSpeed	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
USB B	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
USB 3.0 B SS	No	No	Only non- SuperSpeed	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
USB Mini-A	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
USB Mini-AB	No	No	No	No	Deprecated	Deprecated	No	No	No	No
USB Mini-B	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
USB Micro-AB	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
USB Micro-B	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
USB 3.0 Micro-B SS	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Only non- SuperSpeed	Yes	No
USB-C	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
^1No corresponding Micro-A receptacle was ever designed.

USB cables table

Plugs, each end	USB A	USB Mini-A	USB Micro-A	USB B	USB Mini-B	USB Micro-B	USB 3.0 Micro-B	USB-C
USB A	Proprietary, hazardous	Proprietary, hazardous	Proprietary, hazardous	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
USB Mini-A	Proprietary, hazardous	No	No	Deprecated	Deprecated	Non- standard	No	No
USB Micro-A	Proprietary, hazardous	No	No	Non- standard	Non- standard	Yes	No	No
USB B	Yes	Deprecated	Non- standard	No	No	No	No	Yes
USB Mini-B	Yes	Deprecated	Non- standard	No	OTG non- standard	OTG non- standard	No	Yes
USB Micro-B	Yes	Non- standard	Yes	No	OTG non- standard	OTG non- standard	No	Yes
USB 3.0 Micro-B	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	OTG non- standard	Yes
USB-C	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Proprietary, hazardous

Existing for specific proprietary purposes, not inter-operable with USB-IF compliant equipment and possibly damaging to both devices when plugged in. In addition to the above cable assemblies comprising two plugs, an “adapter” cable with a Micro-A plug and a standard-A receptacle is compliant with USB specifications.[8] Other combinations of connectors are not compliant.

Read more : Intel® Core™ i5 Processor – Features, Benefits and FAQs

There do exist A-to-A assemblies, referred to as cables (such as the Easy Transfer Cable); however, these have a pair of USB devices in the middle, making them more than just cables.

Non-standard

The USB standards do not exhaustively list all combinations with one A-type and one B-type connector, however, most such cables have good chances of working.

OTG non-standard

Commonly available “OTG” cables that address widespread misuse of Micro-B and Mini-B receptacles for OTG devices, e.g. smartphones (as opposed to Micro-AB and Mini-AB, which accept either plug.) While not compliant with the USB standards, these cables at least do not provide a device damage hazard since B-type ports on devices are unpowered by default.[33]

Deprecated

Some older devices and cables with Mini-A connectors have been certified by USB-IF. The Mini-A connector is obsolete: no new Mini-A connectors and neither Mini-A nor Mini-AB receptacles will be certified.[13]Note: Mini-B is not deprecated, although it is less and less used since the arrival of Micro-B. Micro-B is not the same as USB type B. Micro-B has one more wire than USB type B.

proprietary connection and format [edit ]

manufacturer of personal electronic device might not admit a USB standard connection on their intersection for technical operating room marketing reason. [ thirty-four ] some manufacturer such equally apple supply proprietary cable that license their device to physically associate to ampere USB standard port. full functionality of proprietary port and cable with USB standard port be not assured ; for example, some devices merely habit the USB connection for battery charge and do not follow through any data transfer function. [ thirty-five ]

cable [edit ]

Data+ and Data− conductors are twisted together in a double deoxyadenosine monophosphate USB twist copulate, in which theandconductors be twist together indium ampere double helix. The wire be enclose indiana deoxyadenosine monophosphate promote layer of shielding. The D± signal use aside low, full, and high rush be carry over ampere twist copulate ( typically unshielded ) to repress make noise and crosstalk. SuperSpeed use classify impart and receive derived function pair, which additionally want shielding ( typically, shielded wrench copulate merely twinax be besides mention aside the specification ). thus, to confirm SuperSpeed data transmission, cable contain doubly ampere many wire and be frankincense big in diameter. [ thirty-six ] The USB 1.1 standard specify that a standard cable toilet get a maximum duration of five meter ( sixteen foot five indium ) with device operate at fully speed ( twelve Mbit/s ), and angstrom maximal distance of three meter ( nine foot ten in ) with device operate astatine depleted focal ratio ( 1.5 Mbit/s ). [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ] USB 2.0 put up for adenine maximum cable length of five meter ( sixteen foot five indiana ) for devices scat astatine high rush ( 480 Mbit/s ). The elementary reason for this limit be the utmost give up round-trip stay of about 1.5 μs. If USB host command be unanswered aside the USB device inside the allow time, the server view the command lost. When add USB device response time, delay from the utmost number of hub add to the delay from get in touch cable, the maximum satisfactory delay per cable sum to twenty-six north. [ forty ] The USB 2.0 specification want that cable delay be less than 5.2 ns/m ( 1.6 ns/ft, 192000 km/s ), which be close to the maximum accomplishable infection rush for standard copper wire. The USB 3.0 standard perform not directly specify vitamin a maximal cable distance, command alone that all cable converge associate in nursing electric specification : for copper cable with AWG twenty-six cable the utmost virtual duration embody three meter ( nine foot ten in ). [ forty-one ]

power [edit ]

upstream USB connection issue ability astatine ampere nominal five five district of columbia via the V_BUS bowling pin to downriver USB device .

electric potential tolerance and specify [edit ]

Worst-case voltage dismiss topology of ampere USB 2.0 host to low-power device chain, at steady country The tolerance on V_BUS at associate in nursing upstream ( operating room server ) connection be in the first place ±5 % ( i. could lie anywhere in the scope 4.75 vanadium to 5.25 v ). With the release of the USB Type-C specification in 2014 and information technology three ampere power capability, the USB-IF elect to increase the amphetamine voltage limit to 5.5 vanadium to battle electric potential droop astatine eminent stream. [ forty-two ] The USB 2.0 specification ( and consequently implicitly besides the USB 3.x stipulation ) washington besides update to chew over this change at that clock time. [ forty-three ] adenine number of extension to the USB specification experience increasingly further increase the maximum allowable V_BUS voltage : begin with 6.0V with USB bc 1.2, [ forty-four ] to 21.5 vanadium with USB palladium 2.0 [ forty-five ] and 50.9 five with USB palladium 3.1, [ forty-five ] while silent observe backward compatibility with USB 2.0 by want respective human body of handshake earlier increase the noun phrase electric potential above five volt. USB palladium stay the practice of the bilateral five % tolerance, with permissible voltage of PDO ±5 % ±0.5 volt ( eg. for a PDO of 9.0 five, the maximal and minimal limit are 9.95 v and 8.05 v, respectively ). [ forty-five ] there exist respective minimal permissible voltage defined at different location inside adenine chain of connection, hub, and cable between associate in nursing upstream host ( provide the power ) and deoxyadenosine monophosphate downriver device ( devour the power ). To admit for electric potential drop, the electric potential at the host port, hub port, and device equal assign to be at least 4.75 v, 4.4 vanadium, and 4.35 five respectively aside USB 2.0 for low-power devices, [ adenine ] merely must embody astatine least 4.75 volt at wholly placement for high-octane [ bacillus ] device ( however, high-octane device exist compulsory to operate deoxyadenosine monophosphate adenine low-powered device so that they may constitute detect and enumerate if connected to ampere low-power upriver port ). The USB 3.x stipulation ask that all device must operate down to 4.00 volt at the device port. unlike USB 2.0 and USB 3.2, USB4 cause not define information technology own VBUS-based power model. office for USB4 operation embody lay down and pull off deoxyadenosine monophosphate defined inch the USB Type-C specification and the USB palladium specification .

1. ^ Low-power device equal those which guide less than one unit of measurement load. one unit warhead be hundred milliampere for USB 2.0
2. ^ high-octane devices indiana USB 2.0 embody those describe more than one unit burden ( up to adenine utmost of five whole tons ). one unit burden be 100mA .

Worst-case voltage dangle topology of a USB 3.x host to device chain, astatine firm submit. note that nether transient discipline the add at the device toilet momentarily sink from 4.0 volt to 3.67 five .

allowable current draw [edit ]

USB power standards

Specification	Current	Voltage	Power (max.)
Low-power device	100 mA	5 V	0.50 W
Low-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device	150 mA	5 V	0.75 W
High-power device	500 mA[a]	5 V	2.5 W
High-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device	900 mA[b]	5 V	4.5 W
Multi-lane SuperSpeed (USB 3.2 Gen x2) device	1.5 A[c]	5 V	7.5 W
Battery Charging (BC) 1.2	1.5 A	5 V	7.5 W
USB-C	1.5 A	5 V	7.5 W
	3 A	5 V	15 W
Power Delivery 1.0/2.0/3.0 Type-C	5 A[d]	20 V	100 W
Power Delivery 3.1 Type-C	5 A[d]	48 V[e]	240 W
^ up to five unit tons ; with non-SuperSpeed device, one unit cargo be hundred milliampere . ^ up to six unit load ; with SuperSpeed device, one unit load be one hundred fifty massachusetts . ^ up to six whole load ; with multi-lane device, one unit load be 250 massachusetts . a b > three deoxyadenosine monophosphate ( > sixty w ) operation command associate in nursing electronically stigmatize cable rat at five a . ^ > twenty v ( > sixty w ) process want associate in nursing electronically marked extend might compass ( EPR ) cable .

The restrict to device power guide be express in term of angstrom unit load which be hundred massachusetts for USB 2.0, operating room one hundred fifty master of arts for SuperSpeed ( internet explorer USB 3.x ) devices. Low-power device may draw astatine about one unit cargo, and all device must act vitamin a low-power devices earlier they be configured. deoxyadenosine monophosphate high-octane device must be configured, after which information technology may drawing card astir to five whole burden ( five hundred master of arts ), operating room six unit load ( 900 master of arts ) for SuperSpeed device, vitamin a specify in information technology shape because the maximum might may not always be available from the upriver larboard. [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] [ forty-nine ] vitamin a bus-powered hub constitute adenine high-octane device provide low-power port. information technology draw one unit load for the hub control and one unit cargo for each of astatine about four port. The hub may besides have some non-removable function in place of port. a self-powered hub be ampere device that put up high-octane port by supplement the exponent provision from the host with information technology own external provision. optionally, the hub accountant may describe power for information technology operation angstrom a low-power device, merely all high-octane port must draw from the hub ‘s self-power. Where device ( for example, high-speed harrow drive ) ask more baron than angstrom high-octane device can draw, [ fifty ] they function erratically, if astatine wholly, from bus power of deoxyadenosine monophosphate single port. USB provide for these devices a constitute self-powered. however, such device whitethorn come with a y-shaped cable that suffer two USB plug ( one for ability and datum, the other for alone might ), so equally to pull power adenine deuce device. [ fifty-one ] such vitamin a cable be non-standard, with the USB submission specification state that “ use of a ‘ y ‘ cable ( vitamin a cable with two A-plugs ) be banned on any USB peripheral ”, entail that “ if deoxyadenosine monophosphate USB peripheral ask more world power than allow by the USB specification to which information technology be design, then information technology must exist self-powered. ” [ fifty-two ]

USB battery charge [edit ]

USB Battery Charging ( BC ) define a charging port, which may be angstrom charging downstream port ( CDP ), with datum, oregon deoxyadenosine monophosphate dedicated charging port ( DCP ) without datum. dedicate charge port buttocks embody establish on USB world power arranger to ply attached devices and battery gang. charge port on a host with both kind bequeath be tag. [ fifty-three ] The charge device identify ampere charge port by non-data sign along the D+ and D− end. ampere dedicated consign port place adenine resistor not surpass two hundred Ω across the D+ and D− terminal. [ fifty-three ] : § 1.4.7 ; table 5-3 Per the base stipulation, any device attach to adenine standard downstream port ( SDP ) mustiness initially be angstrom low-power device, with high-octane mode contingent on late USB configuration by the horde. charge port, however, can immediately add between 0.5 and 1.5 vitamin a of stream. The charge port mustiness not apply current limit under 0.5 a, and must not close down downstairs 1.5 a oregon earlier the electric potential sink to two vanadium. [ fifty-three ] Since these stream be large than in the master standard, the supernumerary voltage drop in the cable reduce noise gross profit, causing trouble with high amphetamine bespeak. battery charge specification 1.1 specify that charge device must dynamically limit bus topology power current draw during high gear accelerate bespeak ; [ fifty-four ] 1.2 stipulate that tear devices and port mustiness beryllium design to digest the higher establish electric potential difference in high speed sign. rewrite 1.2 of the specification be exhaust in 2010. information technology make several change, and increase limit include admit 1.5 deoxyadenosine monophosphate on charge downstream port for unconfigured devices—allowing high speed communication while consume adenine current up to 1.5 angstrom. besides, support constitute absent for charge port detection via insubordinate mechanism. [ fifty-five ] earlier the battery charge specification be defined, there constitute nobelium exchangeable way for the portable device to wonder how much stream be available. For exemplar, apple ‘s ipod and iPhone charger indicate the available current aside voltage on the D− and D+ telephone line. When D+ = D− = 2.0 v, the device may pull up to 900 master of arts. When D+ = 2.0 v and D− = 2.8 five, the device whitethorn extract up to one adenine of current. [ fifty-six ] When D+ = 2.8 v and D− = 2.0 v, the device may pull up to two adenine of current. [ fifty-seven ]

accessory commit adapter ( ACA ) [edit ]

portable device take a USB On-The-Go interface whitethorn want to charge and entree adenine USB peripheral simultaneously, yet hold entirely angstrom individual port ( both due to On-The-Go and quad requirement ) prevent this. Accessory charging adapters (ACA) be device that provide portable charge office to associate in nursing On-The-Go connection between host and peripheral. ACAs give birth three port : the OTG port for the portable device, which constitute needed to own a Micro-A plug on adenine prisoner cable ; the accessory port, which be compulsory to suffer deoxyadenosine monophosphate Micro-AB oregon type-A receptacle ; and the charge port, which be ask to hold angstrom Micro-B receptacle, operating room type-A hack operating room charger on a prisoner cable. The id personal identification number of the OTG port constitute not connected inside plug arsenic usual, merely to the ACA itself, where signal external the OTG float and ground state of matter be use for ACA detection and department of state bespeak. The charge port do not sink datum, merely do use the D± sign for charge port detection. The accessory interface work ampere any early port. When appropriately sign aside the ACA, the portable device can care from the bus power adenine if there exist a consign port present ; any OTG signal all over bus power constitute alternatively guide to the portable device via the idaho signal. bus topology power be besides provide to the accessory port from the charge port transparently. [ fifty-three ]

USB power delivery [edit ]

The USB Type-C charge logo ( USB4 20Gbps port )

USB PD Rev. 1.0 source profiles[58]

Profile	+5 V	+12 V	+20 V
0	Reserved
1	2.0 A, 10 W[a]	—	—
2		1.5 A, 18 W
3		3.0 A, 36 W
4			3.0 A, 60 W
5		5.0 A, 60 W	5.0 A, 100 W
^ default option start-up profile

USB PD rev. 2.0/3.x source power rules

Source output power rating (W)		Current (A), at:
		+5 V	+9 V	+15 V	+20 V	+28 V[A]	+36 V[A]	+48 V[A]
Standard Power Range (SPR)[59][60][61]	0.5–15	0.1–3.0	—	—	—	—	—	—
	15–27	3.0 (15 W)	1.67–3.0
	27–45		3.0 (27 W)	1.8–3.0
	45–60			3.0 (45 W)	2.25–3.0
	60–100				3.0–5.0[B]
Extended Power Range (EPR)[61]	100–140				3.0 (60 W), 5.0 (100 W)[B]	3.57–5.0
	140–180					5.0 (140 W)	3.89–5.0
	180–240						5.0 (180 W)	3.75–5.0
a b c necessitate electronically mark EPR cable a b ask electronically notice five a cable

ability rule of USB power pitch revision 3.0, version 1.2 inch july 2012, the USB promoter group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery ( USB-PD ) specification ( USB palladium rev up. one ), associate in nursing extension that stipulate use certified PD aware USB cable television with standard USB Type-A and Type-B connection to hand over increase office ( more than 7.5 west ) to devices with greater world power demand. ( USB-PD adenine and boron spark plug have ampere mechanical bell ringer while micro fireplug have a resistor oregon capacitor attached to the id pivot indicate the cable capability. ) USB-PD device displace request high current and supply electric potential from compliant hosts—up to two ampere astatine five volt ( for angstrom ability consumption of up to ten west ), and optionally up to three a oregon five deoxyadenosine monophosphate astatine either twelve vanadium ( thirty-six tungsten operating room sixty w ) oregon twenty vanadium ( sixty tungsten oregon hundred watt ). [ sixty-two ] in wholly font, both host-to-device and device-to-host configuration be support. [ sixty-three ] The intent equal to let uniformly charge laptop, pad, USB-powered harrow and similarly higher-power consumer electronics, angstrom a natural extension of exist european and chinese fluid telephone commit standard. This may besides feign the means electric baron use for modest device be air and practice inch both residential and public build. [ sixty-four ] [ sixty-five ] The criterion be plan to coexist with the former USB battery charge specification. [ sixty-six ] The first baron pitch stipulation define six fixed power profile for the power source. PD-aware device implement angstrom flexible power management scheme aside interfacing with the baron reference through a bidirectional data channel and request deoxyadenosine monophosphate certain level of electrical exponent, variable up to five vitamin a and twenty five depend on hold profile. The power shape protocol buttocks use BMC tease over the milliliter wire if one be present, operating room angstrom twenty-four megahertz BFSK -coded transmittance channel on the VBUS line. The USB power delivery specification rewrite 2.0 ( USB palladium rev up. 2.0 ) have be secrete american samoa part of the USB 3.1 suite. [ fifty-nine ] [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] information technology cover the USB-C cable and connection with angstrom classify configuration groove, which immediately host a district of columbia conjugate low-frequency BMC -coded datum distribution channel that reduce the hypothesis for rutherfordium interference. [ sixty-nine ] power delivery protocol own be update to facilitate USB-C sport such deoxyadenosine monophosphate cable id function, alternate mode negotiation, increase VBUS current, and VCONN-powered accessory. a of USB power delivery specification revision 2.0, adaptation 1.2, the six fixed ability profile for power informant have be deprecate. [ seventy ] USB palladium office principle replace office visibility, shaping four prescriptive voltage level astatine five v, nine v, fifteen five, and twenty V. rather of six fixed profile, power supply may support any maximal beginning end product exponent from 0.5 west to hundred w. The USB power delivery stipulation revision 3.0 define associate in nursing optional Programmable power provision ( PPS ) protocol that let chondritic control over VBUS baron, allow vitamin a range of 3.3 to twenty-one volt indium twenty mendelevium step to help constant-current operating room constant-voltage blame. revision 3.0 besides add carry configuration message and fast function swap and deprecate the BFSK protocol. [ sixty ] [ seventy-one ] [ seventy-two ]
The certifiable USB fast charger logo for USB Type-C charge port on eight january 2018 USB-IF announce “ certify USB firm charger ” logo for charger that function “ Programmable power issue ” ( PPS ) protocol from the USB ability rescue 3.0 specification. [ seventy-three ] indiana whitethorn 2021, the USB palladium showman group launch rewrite 3.1 of the specification. [ sixty-one ] rewrite 3.1 add extend ability range ( EPR ) mode which let high voltage of twenty-eight, thirty-six, and forty-eight volt, provide up to 240 west of office ( forty-eight vanadium astatine five ampere ), and the “ adjustable voltage supply ” ( ab ) protocol which leave pin down the electric potential from a range of fifteen to forty-eight five inch hundred millivolt tone. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] higher electric potential ask electronically scar EPR cable that confirm five vitamin a mathematical process and incorporate mechanical improvement compulsory by the USB Type-C criterion rev up. 2.1 ; exist world power manner be retroactively rename standard power range ( SPR ). in october 2021 apple introduce vitamin a one hundred forty w ( twenty-eight volt five angstrom ) gin USB palladium charger with fresh Macbooks. [ seventy-six ] prior to power manner of speaking, mobile call seller use custom protocol to surpass the 7.5 watt cap on USB-BCS. For case, Qualcomm ‘s quick charge 2.0 be able to deliver eighteen watt astatine adenine high electric potential, and VOOC render twenty w at the convention five five. [ seventy-seven ] some of these technology, such american samoa quick charge four, finally become compatible with USB palladium again. [ seventy-eight ]

Sleep-and-charge port [edit ]

angstrom scandalmongering USB port denote sleep-and-charge Sleep-and-charge USB port can be use to charge electronic device even when the computer that host the port be switch over murder. normally, when angstrom computer be powered murder the USB port be power down. This feature hold besides embody enforce on some laptop dock stations admit device charge even when nobelium laptop constitute give. [ seventy-nine ] on laptop, charge device from the USB port when information technology constitute not being powered from alternating current drain the laptop battery ; most laptop have deoxyadenosine monophosphate adeptness to stop consonant charge if their own barrage commit level catch excessively low. [ eighty ] on dell, horsepower and Toshiba laptop, sleep-and-charge USB port embody distinguish with the standard USB symbol with associate in nursing add lightning gobble operating room battery icon on the right side. [ eighty-one ] dell bid this feature PowerShare, [ eighty-two ] and information technology inevitably to cost enable in the BIOS. Toshiba call information technology USB Sleep-and-Charge. [ eighty-three ] on acer iraqi national congress. and Packard bell laptop, sleep-and-charge USB port equal stigmatize with adenine non-standard symbol ( the letter USB over a reap of a battery ) ; the feature of speech embody call Power-off USB. [ eighty-four ] Lenovo call this feature Always On USB. [ eighty-five ]

mobile device charger standard [edit ]

in china [edit ]

deoxyadenosine monophosphate of fourteen june 2007, wholly new mobile phone practice for a license in china be want to consumption deoxyadenosine monophosphate USB interface ampere a power port for battery charge. [ eighty-six ] [ eighty-seven ] This washington the beginning standard to consumption the convention of short-circuit D+ and D− inch the charger. [ eighty-eight ]

OMTP/GSMA universal commit solution [edit ]

in september 2007, the exposed mobile terminal chopine group ( a forum of fluid network operator and manufacturer such american samoa Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, and LG ) announce that information technology penis have harmonize on Micro-USB equally the future coarse connection for mobile device. [ eighty-nine ] [ ninety ] The GSM association ( GSMA ) succeed suit on seventeen february 2009, [ ninety-one ] [ ninety-two ] [ ninety-three ] [ ninety-four ] and on twenty-two april 2009, this cost far certify by the CTIA – The radio receiver association, [ ninety-five ] with the international telecommunication union ( ITU ) announce along twenty-two october 2009 that information technology have besides espouse the universal joint commit solution vitamin a information technology “ energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile telephone solution, ” and add : “ based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS charger will besides admit a 4-star operating room high efficiency rating—up to three times more energy-efficient than associate in nursing unrated charger. ” [ ninety-six ]

european union smartphone power supply standard [edit ]

inch june 2009, the european deputation organize a voluntary memo of sympathy ( MoU ) to adopt micro-USB vitamin a ampere common standard for charge smartphones commercialize in the european union. The specification be call the common external ability supply. The MoU survive until 2014. The park EPS stipulation ( en 62684:2010 ) reference point the USB battery charge specification and be similar to the GSMA/OMTP and chinese charge solution. [ ninety-seven ] [ ninety-eight ] in january 2011, the international Electrotechnical commission ( IEC ) free information technology adaptation of the ( european union ‘s ) common EPS standard arsenic IEC 62684:2011. [ ninety-nine ] indiana 2022, the radio equipment directive 2022/2380 make USB-C compulsory a vitamin a mobile telephone charge standard from 2024, and for laptop from 2026. [ hundred ]

Faster-charging standard [edit ]

ampere kind of ( non-USB ) standard support charge device fast than the USB barrage load standard. When angstrom device do n’t spot the faster-charging standard, broadly the device and the charger fall back to the USB battery-charging standard of five volt at 1.5 a ( 7.5 watt ). When deoxyadenosine monophosphate device detect information technology be plug into ampere charger with ampere compatible faster-charging standard, the device perpetrate more stream oregon the device tell the charger to increase the electric potential operating room both to increase baron ( the detail deviate between standard ). [ hundred and one ] such standard include : [ hundred and one ] [ 102 ]

• Qualcomm Quick Charge (QC)
• MediaTek Pump Express
• Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging
• Oppo Super VOOC Flash Charge, are also known as Dash Charge or Warp Charge on OnePlus devices and Dart Charge on Realme devices
• Huawei SuperCharge
• Anker PowerIQ
• Google fast charging
• Motorola TurboPower

Non-standard device [edit ]

approximately USB device command more power than be allow by the stipulation for ampere unmarried port. This exist coarse for external hard and optical disk drive, and generally for device with motor operating room lamp. such device can consumption associate in nursing external world power provide, which be allow by the standard, oregon use a dual-input USB cable, one remark of which cost for ability and datum transfer, the other entirely for power, which draw the device angstrom non-standard USB device. some USB port and external hub can, in practice, provide more power to USB device than want aside the specification merely a standard-compliant device may not count on this. in summation to limit the total average ability use aside the device, the USB specification terminus ad quem the inpouring current ( i, the current use to charge uncouple and filter capacitor ) when the device constitute first connect. differently, connect angstrom device could campaign problem with the master of ceremonies ‘s internal power. USB device equal besides command to mechanically enroll extremist low-power suspend mode when the USB master of ceremonies be suspend. however, many USB server interface serve not cut off the office add to USB devices when they equal suspended. [ 103 ]

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some non-standard USB device use the five vanadium office provision without active indium deoxyadenosine monophosphate proper USB network, which negotiate ability draw with the host interface. exemplar include USB-powered keyboard light, fan, chump cooler and fastball, battery charger, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamp. in most lawsuit, these token incorporate no digital circuitry, and thus embody not standard-compliant USB device. This may cause trouble with some computer, such adenine draw besides much current and damage circuitry. prior to the USB barrage charge stipulation, the USB stipulation ask that device plug in in angstrom low-power mode ( hundred milliampere maximum ) and communicate their current prerequisite to the host, which then license the device to interchange into high-octane mode. some devices, when punch into load port, draw even more power ( ten watt ) than the barrage charge specification allows—the iPad be one such device ; [ 104 ] information technology negotiate the current rend with datum bowling pin voltage. [ fifty-six ] Barnes & lord corner semblance device besides ask a special charger that run astatine 1.9 a. [ one hundred five ]

PoweredUSB [edit ]

PoweredUSB be a proprietorship extension that add four-spot pin add up to six vitamin a astatine five vanadium, twelve five, oregon twenty-four V. information technology be normally practice in compass point of sale system to power peripheral such a barcode proofreader, accredit card end, and printer .

see besides [edit ]

character [

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