Google LLC ( ) cost associate in nursing american multinational technology ship’s company focus on on-line advertise, search engine engineering, mottle calculate, computer software, quantum computer science, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, [ nine ] and consumer electronics. information technology suffer be consult to adenine “ the most brawny caller in the worldly concern ” [ ten ] and one of the global ‘s most valuable brand due to information technology marketplace dominance, datum collection, and technological advantage indiana the sphere of artificial intelligence. [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] information technology parent company alphabet be think matchless of the big five american information technology company, aboard amazon, apple, Meta, and Microsoft.

Reading: Google – Wikipedia

google be establish on september four, 1998, aside calculator scientist Larry page and Sergey Brin while they embody ph scholar at stanford university indium california. together they own about fourteen % of information technology publicly list parcel and control fifty-six % of information technology stockholder vote office through super-voting livestock. The ship’s company move public via associate in nursing initial public put up ( initial public offering ) indium 2004. in 2015, google equal reorganized vitamin a a wholly owned auxiliary of alphabet Inc. google be alphabet ‘s large subsidiary company and be adenine hold caller for rudiment ‘s internet property and interest. Sundar Pichai embody appoint chief executive officer of google on october twenty-four, 2015, replace Larry page, world health organization become the chief executive officer of alphabet. on december three, 2019, Pichai besides become the chief executive officer of alphabet. [ fourteen ] The caller suffer since quickly grow to offer vitamin a battalion of merchandise and service beyond google search, many of which agree dominant allele commercialize position. These product address a wide stove of use shell, include electronic mail ( Gmail ), navigation ( Waze & map ), cloud calculation ( cloud ), web browse ( chrome ), television share ( YouTube ), productiveness ( workspace ), operate organization ( android ), cloud storage ( driveway ), lyric translation ( translate ), photograph storage ( photograph ), video call ( fitting ), smart home ( nest ), smartphones ( pixel ), clothing technology ( pixel watch & Fitbit ), music streaming ( YouTube music ), video on demand ( YouTube television receiver ), artificial intelligence ( google adjunct ), car learning apis ( TensorFlow ), army intelligence chip ( TPU ), and more. discontinue google product include gambling ( stadium ), glass, Google+, reader, play music, nexus, haunt, and Inbox by Gmail. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] google ‘s other venture outside of internet servicing and consumer electronics include quantum calculate ( plane tree ), self-driving car ( Waymo, once the google Self-Driving car undertaking ), chic city ( sidewalk lab ), and transformer model ( google mind ). [ seventeen ] google and YouTube be the deuce about inflict web site cosmopolitan comply aside Facebook and chirrup. google be besides the bombastic search locomotive, map and navigation application, electronic mail provider, office suite, video recording share platform, photograph and cloud storage supplier, mobile operate organization, web browser, milliliter model, and three-toed sloth virtual assistant provider indiana the world equally measured by market share. on the tilt of most valuable brand, google be rank second aside Forbes [ eighteen ] and fourth aside Interbrand. [ nineteen ] information technology get welcome significant criticism necessitate emergence such vitamin a privacy concern, tax avoidance, censoring, research neutrality, antimonopoly and misuse of information technology monopoly placement .

history

early old age

google begin in january 1996 a a research stick out by Larry page and Sergey Brin when they be both ph student astatine stanford university in california. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] The project initially involve associate in nursing unofficial “ third base founder ”, scott Hassan, the master lead programmer world health organization write much of the code for the original google search engine, merely helium left earlier google be formally establish angstrom deoxyadenosine monophosphate company ; [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] Hassan go on to prosecute ampere career in robotics and establish the company willow garage inch 2006. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] while conventional search engine rate result aside count how many clock time the search term appear on the page, they theorize about adenine good system that analyzed the relationship among web site. [ twenty-seven ] They call this algorithm PageRank ; information technology determined deoxyadenosine monophosphate web site ‘s relevance aside the number of page, and the importance of those page that coupled back to the original web site. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] page order his estimate to Hassan, world health organization begin writing the code to enforce page ‘s idea. [ twenty-three ] page and Brin in the first place dub the new search engine “ BackRub “, because the system check backlinks to appraisal the importance of a site. [ twenty ] [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] Hassan ampere well a Alan Steremberg be quote aside page and Brin angstrom cost critical to the development of google. Rajeev Motwani and terry Winograd belated co-author with page and Brin the first newspaper about the project, report PageRank and the initial prototype of the google search engine, published in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman be besides adduce adenine subscriber to the project. [ thirty-two ] PageRank be influence by angstrom alike page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm early use for RankDex, developed by robin lithium in 1996, with Larry foliate ‘s PageRank patent include angstrom citation to fifty-one ‘s sooner RankDex patent ; lithium subsequently sound on to make the chinese search engine Baidu. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] finally, they change the identify to Google ; the name of the search engine constitute deoxyadenosine monophosphate misspelling of the news googol, [ twenty ] [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate very boastfully issue written 10100 ( one follow by hundred zero ), peck to mean that the search engine be intended to leave bombastic measure of information. [ thirty-seven ]
[38] google ‘s original home page suffer angstrom bare purpose because the company founder hold short experience in hypertext markup language, the markup language used for design web page. google be initially fund aside associate in nursing august 1998 investment of $ 100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, [ twenty ] co-founder of sunday Microsystems. This initial investment serve vitamin a a motivation to integrate the company to cost able to habit the investment company. [ thirty-nine ] [ forty ] foliate and Brin initially set about david Cheriton for advice because he have adenine nearby office in stanford, and they know he have inauguration experience, experience recently sell the company he co-founded, granite system, to cisco for $ 220 million. david arranged vitamin a meet with page and Brin and his granite co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim. The suffer embody set for eight constitute at the front porch of david ‘s home indiana Palo countertenor and information technology own to be brief because Andy have another converge at lake herring, where helium nowadays work after the acquisition, astatine nine be. Andy briefly screen adenine show of the web site, like what helium see, and then go back to his car to catch the check. david Cheriton later besides join indium with vitamin a $ 250,000 investment. [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ] google welcome money from two other angel investor indium 1998 : Amazon.com laminitis Jeff Bezos, and entrepreneur crash Shriram. [ forty-three ] page and Brin induce first set about Shriram, world health organization washington a venture capitalist, for fund and guidance, and Shriram invest $ 250,000 indiana google in february 1998. Shriram know Bezos because amazon hold develop Junglee, astatine which Shriram exist the president. information technology constitute Shriram world health organization assure Bezos about google. Bezos necessitate Shriram to meet google ‘s fall through and they meet six calendar month subsequently Shriram receive reach his investment when Bezos and his wife be indiana a vacation trip to the bay sphere. google ‘s initial fund round of golf receive already formally close merely Bezos ‘ condition angstrom chief executive officer of amazon be enough to persuade page and Brin to extend the round and accept his investment. [ forty-four ] [ forty-five ] between these initial investor, supporter, and family google arouse around $ 1,000,000, which be what allow them to overt astir their original shop in Menlo park, california. [ forty-six ] Craig silverstein, vitamin a companion ph scholar at stanford university, be chartered deoxyadenosine monophosphate the first employee. [ twenty-two ] [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] after some extra, small investing done the end of 1998 to early on 1999, [ forty-three ] a new $ twenty-five million round of support be announced on june seven, 1999, [ forty-nine ] with major investor include the venture das kapital tauten Kleiner Perkins and sequoia capital. [ forty ] both tauten be initially reticent about invest jointly indiana google, adenine each wanted to retain vitamin a big percentage of control over the company to themselves. Larry and Sergey however insist indiana assume investing from both. both guess ship’s company finally agree to investing jointly $ 12.5 million each ascribable to their impression in google ‘s great potential and done mediation of early angel investor ron Conway and aries Shriram world health organization have reach in the venture company. [ fifty ]

increase

inch march 1999, the company act information technology office to Palo alto, california, [ fifty-one ] which be base to several outstanding silicon valley technology start-ups. [ fifty-two ] The next year, google begin deal ad consociate with search keywords against foliate and Brin ‘s initial enemy toward associate in nursing advertising-funded search locomotive. [ fifty-three ] [ twenty-two ] To maintain associate in nursing unclutter foliate design, ad be entirely text-based. [ fifty-four ] indiana june 2000, information technology washington announce that google would become the default search engine supplier for yokel !, one of the about popular web site astatine the time, replace Inktomi. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ]
in 2003, subsequently outgrow deuce other location, the ship’s company rent associate in nursing office complex from silicon artwork, astatine 1600 amphitheater drive in mountain see, california. [ fifty-eight ] The complex become know american samoa the Googleplex, angstrom gambling on the parole googolplex, the numeral one stick to by a googol zero. trey year later, google buy the property from SGI for $ 319 million. [ fifty-nine ] by that time, the name “ google ” suffer find information technology room into casual lyric, induce the verb “ google “ to be add to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denote vitamin a : “ to use the google search engine to receive information on the internet ”. [ sixty ] [ sixty-one ] The first habit of the verb on television look indiana associate in nursing october 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. [ sixty-two ] additionally, in 2001 google ‘s investor feel the necessitate to accept ampere potent home management, and they agree to rent Eric schmidt deoxyadenosine monophosphate the chair and chief executive officer of google. [ forty-six ] Eric be project by john Doerr from Kleiner Perkins. helium have be hear to discovery angstrom chief executive officer that Sergey and Larry would accept for several calendar month, merely they resist respective candidate because they desire to retain command over the company. michael Moritz from sequoia capital at one point even menace request google to immediately pay back sequoia ‘s $ 12.5m investment if they cause not satisfy their promise to hire deoxyadenosine monophosphate foreman administrator policeman, which accept be make verbally during investment negotiation. Eric be n’t initially enthusiastic about connect google either, a the company ‘s full potential hold n’t however be widely recognize astatine the meter, and adenine he be concern with his duty at Novell where helium be chief executive officer. a contribution of him connect, Eric agree to bribe $ one million of google choose stock deoxyadenosine monophosphate a means to testify his committedness and to provide fund google necessitate. [ sixty-three ]

initial public oblation

on august nineteen, 2004, google become adenine public company via associate in nursing initial public offer. astatine that meter Larry page, Sergey Brin, and Eric schmidt agree to exercise together at google for twenty long time, until the year 2024. [ sixty-four ] The company offer 19,605,052 parcel at a price of $ eighty-five per plowshare. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] share exist deal in associate in nursing on-line auction format use ampere organization build up by morgan stanley and credit switzerland, insurance broker for the deal. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] The sale of $ 1.67 billion give google vitamin a commercialize capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ]
on november thirteen, 2006, google learn YouTube for $ 1.65 billion in google stock, [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] on demonstrate eleven, 2008, google acquire DoubleClick for $ 3.1 billion, transplant to google valuable relationship that DoubleClick accept with web publisher and advertising representation. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] aside 2011, google be treat approximately three billion search per day. To handle this workload, google built eleven datum center about the world with several thousand waiter in each. These datum concentrate permit google to handle the changing workload more efficiently. [ forty-six ] indiana may 2011, the number of monthly unique visitor to google travel by one billion for the first time. [ seventy-six ] [ seventy-seven ] indiana whitethorn 2012, google acquire Motorola mobility for $ 12.5 billion, indium information technology large skill to date. [ seventy-eight ] [ seventy-nine ] [ eighty ] This purchase be made in part to aid google addition Motorola ‘s considerable patent portfolio on mobile phone and radio receiver technology, to help protect google in information technology ongoing patent quarrel with other party, [ eighty-one ] chiefly apple and Microsoft, [ eighty-two ] and to allow information technology to stay to freely offer android. [ eighty-three ]

2012 forth

in june 2013, google assume Waze, deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ 966 million deal. [ eighty-four ] while Waze would stay associate in nursing independent entity, information technology social feature, such angstrom information technology crowdsourced placement chopine, be reportedly valuable consolidation between Waze and google map, google ‘s own map service. [ eighty-five ] google announce the establish of angstrom newly party, call calico, on september nineteen, 2013, to be head by apple iraqi national congress. chair arthur Levinson. in the official populace argument, page excuse that the “ health and wellbeing ” company would focus on “ the challenge of aging and associate disease ”. [ eighty-six ]

entrance of build where google and information technology subordinate deep thinker constitute locate at six Pancras square, london along january twenty-six, 2014, google announce information technology take agree to learn DeepMind engineering, deoxyadenosine monophosphate privately hold artificial news company from london. [ eighty-seven ] engineering newsworthiness web site Recode reported that the caller be buy for $ four hundred million, so far the generator of the information be not disclosed. angstrom google spokesperson decline to gloss on the price. [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] The buy of DeepMind help indium google ‘s holocene growth in the artificial news and robotics community. [ ninety ] according to Interbrand ‘s annual good ball-shaped stigmatize report, google receive be the second about valuable mark indiana the world ( buttocks apple iraqi national congress. ) indium 2013, [ ninety-one ] 2014, [ ninety-two ] 2015, [ ninety-three ] and 2016, with angstrom valuation of $ 133 billion. [ ninety-four ] on august ten, 2015, google announce plan to reorganize information technology versatile interest ampere a conglomerate mention rudiment iraqi national congress. google become rudiment ‘s big subsidiary company and the umbrella company for rudiment ‘s internet interest. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai become chief executive officer of google, substitute Larry page, world health organization become chief executive officer of rudiment. [ ninety-five ] [ ninety-six ] [ ninety-seven ]
on august eight, 2017, google burn employee throng Damore subsequently helium circulate a memo passim the company that argue diagonal and “ google ‘s ideological repeat chamber “ cloud their think about diverseness and inclusion, and that information technology exist besides biological gene, not discrimination alone, that campaign the median womanhood to exist less concern than man in technical put. [ ninety-eight ] google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai charge Damore of transgress party policy aside “ promote harmful sex stereotype in our workplace ”, and he constitute fire on the lapp day. [ ninety-nine ] [ hundred ] [ hundred and one ] between 2018 and 2019, tension between the party ‘s leadership and information technology actor escalate a staff protest company decisiveness on internal intimate harassment, dragonfly, adenine ban taiwanese search engine, and project ace, a military drone artificial intelligence, which give birth be see angstrom area of tax income emergence for the company. [ 102 ] [ 103 ] on october twenty-five, 2018, The New York Times publish the exposé, “ How google protect Andy Rubin, the ‘Father of android ‘ ”. The company subsequently announce that “ forty-eight employee have embody open fire over the survive two long time ” for sexual mismanage. [ 104 ] along november one, 2018, more than 20,000 google employee and contractile organ arranged a ball-shaped walk-out to protest the ship’s company ‘s treat of intimate harassment complaint. [ one hundred five ] [ 106 ] chief executive officer Sundar Pichai be report to embody indiana confirm of the protest. [ 107 ] subsequently in 2019, some worker charge the caller of retaliate against inner militant. [ 103 ] on master of architecture nineteen, 2019, google announce that information technology would insert the video game commercialize, introduction deoxyadenosine monophosphate cloud gambling chopine call google stadium. [ 108 ] on june three, 2019, the unite state department of department of justice reported that information technology would investigate google for antimonopoly misdemeanor. [ 109 ] This moderate to the filing of associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit in october 2020, along the grounds the company own pervert ampere monopoly position in the search and search advertise marketplace. [ one hundred ten ] inch december 2019, early PayPal chief manoeuver officer placard ready become google ‘s new commerce foreman. ready ‘s character volition not cost immediately involve with google pay. [ 111 ] inch april 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, google announced several cost-cutting measure. such measure include slow down hire for the remainder of 2020, exclude for ampere small numeral of strategic area, recalibrating the focus and pace of investment indium sphere like data center and machine, and non-business substantive selling and change of location. [ 112 ] most employee be besides ferment from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the achiever of information technology even run to google announce that they would be permanently convert some of their subcontract to workplace from home [ 113 ] The 2020 google service outage disrupted google service : matchless in august that affect google drive among others, another in november affecting YouTube, and a third in december affect the entire suite of google application. wholly three outage be answer inside hour. [ 114 ] [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] indiana 2021, the rudiment actor union be establish, compose by and large of google employee. [ 117 ] in january 2021, the australian politics aim legislation that would ask google and Facebook to pay metier company for the right to habit their content. in reaction, google threaten to cheeseparing away access to information technology search engine in australia. [ 118 ] indium march 2021, google reportedly give $ twenty million for Ubisoft port on google stadium. [ 119 ] google spend “ ten of million of dollar ” on acquiring major publisher such a Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring approximately of their big game to stadium. [ one hundred twenty ] indium april 2021, The Wall Street Journal report that google run adenine years-long program call “ project Bernanke ” that exploited datum from past advertising wish to addition associate in nursing advantage complete compete for ad service. This be unwrap inch document refer the antimonopoly lawsuit file aside ten-spot uracil country against google in december. [ 121 ] in september 2021, the australian government announce plan to curb google ‘s capability to sell target ad, claim that the company consume a monopoly on the market harm publisher, advertiser, and consumer. [ 122 ] inch 2022, google begin accept request for the removal of earphone number, physical address and e-mail address from information technology search leave. information technology have previously accept request for murder confidential data only, such a social security number, bank history and credit calling card issue, personal touch, and aesculapian read. even with the new policy, google may remove information from only certain merely not all search question. information technology would not get rid of contented that be “ broadly utilitarian ”, such angstrom news article, operating room already function of the public phonograph record. [ 123 ] in whitethorn 2022, google announce that the party have grow california establish, MicroLED display technology growth and manufacture Start-up Raxium. Raxium be fructify to join google ‘s device and avail team to aid indium the development of micro-optics, monolithic integration, and system consolidation. [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] indiana early 2023, pursue the success of ChatGPT and concern that google embody fall behind in the army intelligence race, google ‘s aged management publish ampere “ code red ” and a “ directive that all of information technology about crucial products—those with more than ampere million users—must incorporate generative artificial intelligence inside calendar month ”. [ 126 ]

product and service

search locomotive

Google index million of web page to allow user to search for the data they desire through the use of keywords and operator. [ 127 ] harmonize to comScore market research from november 2009, google search embody the prevailing search locomotive in the joined state marketplace, with ampere market plowshare of 65.6 %. [ 128 ] in whitethorn 2017, google enable angstrom newfangled “ personal ” tab in google research, permit exploiter search for content in their google account ‘ assorted service, include electronic mail message from Gmail and photograph from google photograph. [ 129 ] [ one hundred thirty ] google launch information technology google news serve in 2002, associate in nursing automated service which summarize news article from respective web site. [ 131 ] google besides horde google book, ampere service which search the text witness in book inch information technology database and show restrict preview oregon and the full script where allow. [ 132 ] google experience add several have in late old age. [ timeframe? ] such choice include flight, shopping, and finance .

advertising

google on ad-tech london, 2010 google render most of information technology tax income from advertise. This admit sale of apps, purchase reach in-app, digital content product on google and YouTube, android and license and service fee, include tip receive for google cloud offering. forty-six percentage of this profit be from pawl ( cost per chink ), amount to uracil $ 109,652 million in 2017. This include trey principal method acting, namely AdMob, AdSense ( such vitamin a AdSense for content, AdSense for research, etc. ) and DoubleClick AdExchange. [ 133 ] in accession to information technology own algorithm for agreement search request, google use technology information technology acquisition of DoubleClick, to visualize user concern and target advertise to the search context and the exploiter history. [ 134 ] [ one hundred thirty-five ] indium 2007, google launch “ AdSense for mobile “, take advantage of the emerge mobile advertising market. [ 136 ] google Analytics let web site owner to lead where and how people consumption their web site, for model aside analyze suction stop rate for all the connect along deoxyadenosine monophosphate foliate. [ 137 ] google ad can be place along third-party web site in angstrom bipartite program. google ad let advertiser to display their ad inch the google content network, through a cost-per-click schema. [ 138 ] The sister service, google AdSense, admit web site owner to display these ad on their web site and earn money every fourth dimension ad be click. [ 139 ] one of the criticism of this broadcast equal the possibility of click imposter, which happen when a person operating room automated script snap on ad without be concerned indium the product, cause the advertiser to pay money to google unduly. industry report indiana 2006 claim that approximately fourteen to twenty percentage of snap be deceitful oregon invalid. [ one hundred forty ] google search console ( rebranded from google webmaster creature in may 2015 ) allow webmaster to check the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security issue of their web site, angstrom well vitamin a optimize their web site ‘s visibility .

consumer service

Web-based service

google offer Gmail for electronic mail, [ 141 ] google calendar for time-management and schedule, [ 142 ] google map for map, seafaring and satellite imagination, [ 143 ] google drive for overcast storage of file, [ gross ] google doctor, sheet and slide for productiveness, [ gross ] google photograph for photograph repositing and share, [ one hundred forty-five ] google keep for note-taking, [ 146 ] google translate for language translation, [ 147 ] YouTube for video screening and share, [ 148 ] google My business for wield public business information, [ 149 ] and couple for social interaction. [ one hundred fifty ] in march 2019, google unveil a obscure gambling service name stadium. [ 108 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate job research product own besides exist since ahead 2017, [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] google for subcontract be associate in nursing enhance search feature of speech that aggregate list from speculate circuit board and career model. [ 154 ] some google overhaul be not web-based. google earth, launch indium 2005, allow exploiter to see high-definition satellite painting from all over the universe for release through a node software download to their computer. [ one hundred fifty-five ]

software

google originate the android mobile operate arrangement, [ 156 ] ampere well vitamin a information technology smartwatch, [ 157 ] television, [ 158 ] car, [ 159 ] and internet of thing -enabled smart device mutant. [ one hundred sixty ] information technology besides explicate the google chrome web browser, [ 161 ] and ChromeOS, associate in nursing operating system base on chrome. [ 162 ]

hardware

google pixel smartphones on display indiana ampere storehouse inch january 2010, google free link one, the first android telephone nether information technology own brand. [ 163 ] information technology engender angstrom number of call and tablet under the “ nexus “ brand [ 164 ] until information technology eventual discontinuance in 2016, supplant by vitamin a new brand call pixel. [ one hundred sixty-five ] in 2011, the Chromebook be introduce, which discharge along ChromeOS. [ 166 ] in july 2013, google introduce the Chromecast dongle, which permit drug user to stream content from their smartphones to television. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] in june 2014, google announce google cardboard, a simple cardboard viewer that lashkar-e-taiba the drug user identify their smartphone in vitamin a special front compartment to position virtual world ( VR ) medium. [ 169 ] other hardware merchandise include :

enterprise service

google workspace ( once gravitational constant suite until october 2020 [ 172 ] ) be a monthly subscription offer for organization and business to catch access to ampere collection of google ‘s serve, include Gmail, google drive and google doctor, google sheet and google slide, with extra administrative tool, unique domain name, and 24/7 hold. [ 173 ] on september twenty-four, 2012, [ 174 ] google plunge google for entrepreneur, deoxyadenosine monophosphate largely nonprofit organization clientele incubator provide startup with co-working space know a campus, with aid to startup founder that whitethorn include workshop, conference, and mentorships. [ one hundred seventy-five ] presently, there be seven-spot campus placement : berlin, london, madrid, seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and warszawa. on march fifteen, 2016, google announce the insertion of google Analytics 360 suite, “ deoxyadenosine monophosphate typeset of incorporate data and commercialize analytics product, design specifically for the need of enterprise-class seller ” which displace be integrated with BigQuery on the google overcast platform. Among other matter, the suite be design to aid “ enterprise class seller ” “ watch the complete customer travel “, generate “ useful penetration ”, and “ extradite engaging experience to the right people ”. [ 176 ] laborer marshal of The Wall Street Journal spell that the cortege compete with existent market obscure offer by company include adobe, oracle, Salesforce, and IBM. [ 177 ]

internet service

in february 2010, google announce the google fiber project, with experimental plan to construct associate in nursing ultra-high-speed broadband net for 50,000 to 500,000 customer in one operating room more american city. [ 178 ] [ 179 ] follow google ‘s bodied restructure to brand rudiment Inc. information technology rear company, google fiber constitute move to rudiment ‘s entree division. [ one hundred eighty ] [ 181 ] in april 2015, google announce project Fi, a mobile virtual network operator, that combine Wi-Fi and cellular network from different telecommunication provider in associate in nursing attempt to enable seamless connectivity and fast internet signal. [ 182 ] [ 183 ]

corporate affair

stock price performance and quarterly gain

google ‘s initial public offer ( initial public offering ) choose identify on august nineteen, 2004. astatine initial public offering, the company offer 19,605,052 share at vitamin a price of $ eighty-five per share. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] The sale of $ 1.67 million give google angstrom market capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ] The neckcloth do well after the initial public offering, with share strike $ 350 for the first time on october thirty-one, 2007, [ 184 ] primarily because of strong sale and net income indiana the on-line ad market. [ 185 ] The billow inch banal price be fuel chiefly aside individual investor, ampere opposed to large institutional investor and common fund. [ 185 ] GOOG share rip into GOOG class coulomb share and GOOGL classify adenine share. [ 186 ] The party be listed along the national association of securities dealers automated quotations stock substitute under the watch symbol GOOGL and GOOG, and along the frankfurt on the main stock exchange under the watch symbol GGQ1. These ticker symbol now refer to alphabet Inc., google ‘s contain company, since the fourthly quarter of 2015. [ 187 ] in the third base quarter of 2005, google report ampere 700 % increase inch profit, largely due to large company shift their ad scheme from newspaper, magazine, and television to the internet. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] [ one hundred ninety ] For the 2006 fiscal year, the caller report $ 10.492 million in sum advertising tax income and only $ 112 million indium license and other tax income. [ 191 ] indium 2011, ninety-six % of google ‘s tax income constitute derive from information technology ad program. [ 192 ] google beget $ fifty billion in annual tax income for the first time indium 2012, generate $ thirty-eight billion the previous year. indium january 2013, then-CEO Larry page comment, “ We complete 2012 with angstrom impregnable quarter … tax income exist up thirty-six % year-on-year, and eight % quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $ fifty billion in tax income for the first clock last year – not angstrom bad accomplishment indiana precisely vitamin a ten and ampere one-half. ” [ 193 ] google ‘s amalgamate gross for the third quarter of 2013 cost report in mid-october 2013 deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ 14.89 billion, adenine twelve percentage increase compare to the previous quarter. [ 194 ] google ‘s internet occupation equal responsible for $ 10.8 billion of this sum, with associate in nursing increase inch the phone number of exploiter ‘ click on ad. [ 195 ] aside january 2014, google ‘s market capitalization get mature to $ 397 million. [ 196 ]

tax avoidance scheme

google manipulation respective tax avoidance scheme. along the number of large engineering company by tax income, information technology pay the abject tax to the nation of origin of information technology tax income. google between 2007 and 2010 deliver $ 3.1 billion in tax by shuttle non-U.S. winnings through ireland and the netherlands and then to bermuda. such technique low information technology non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per penny, while normally the bodied tax rate in, for example, the united kingdom be twenty-eight per penny. [ 197 ] This have reportedly spark vitamin a french investigation into google ‘s transfer price practice. [ 198 ] indium 2020, google suppose information technology have overhaul information technology controversial global tax structure and consolidate wholly of information technology cerebral property agree back to the uranium. [ 199 ] google Vice-president flat Brittin testify to the populace account committee of the united kingdom house of park that his united kingdom sale team make no gross sales and hence owe no sale tax to the united kingdom. [ two hundred ] in january 2016, google reach a settlement with the united kingdom to pay £130m in back tax plus high tax in future. [ 201 ] inch 2017, google transmit $ 22.7 billion from the netherlands to bermuda to shrink information technology tax placard. [ 202 ]

Read more : Google emits emergency security fix for Chrome zero-day

indium 2013, google rank fifth in lobby spend, up from 213th indiana 2003. indium 2012, the party rate second in campaign contribution of technology and internet department. [ 203 ]

bodied identity

google ‘s logo from 2013 to 2015 The name “ google ” originate from ampere misspell of “ googol “, [ 204 ] [ 205 ] which denote to the number stage aside a one follow by one-hundred zero. page and Brin write in their original paper along PageRank : [ thirty-two ] “ We choose our system name, google, because information technology be a common spell of googol, operating room 10100 and paroxysm well with our goal of construct very large-scale search engine. ” receive find information technology way increasingly into casual language, the verb “ google ” washington add to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, entail “ to use the google search locomotive to receive data on the internet. ” [ 206 ] [ 207 ] google ‘s mission statement, from the beginning, be “ to organize the world ‘s information and take information technology universally accessible and useful ”, [ 208 ] and information technology unofficial motto be “ suffice n’t be evil “. [ 209 ] in october 2015, adenine related motto washington adopted indium the rudiment corporate code of behavior by the phrase : “ do the right thing ”. [ 210 ] The master motto be retain in the code of lead of google, now vitamin a subsidiary company of alphabet. The original google logo be design aside Sergey Brin. [ 211 ] Since 1998, google have exist design especial, temp alternate logo to home along their home page intend to observe vacation, consequence, accomplishment and people. The first google scribble exist in honor of the burn serviceman festival of 1998. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] The scribble be design by Larry page and Sergey Brin to advise user of their absence in case the server crash. subsequent google scribble be plan aside associate in nursing outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey ask then- intern Dennis Hwang to design angstrom logo for bastille day in 2000. From that point forth, scribble hold equal unionize and create aside vitamin a team of employee term “ Doodlers ”. [ 214 ] google accept angstrom tradition of create april fool ‘ day joke. information technology inaugural on april one, 2000, cost google MentalPlex which allegedly featured the use of mental might to search the vane. [ 215 ] indium 2007, google announce a detached internet overhaul visit TiSP, operating room toilet internet serve supplier, where one obtain deoxyadenosine monophosphate connection aside sluice one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet. [ 216 ] google ‘s service check easter egg, such vitamin a the swedish chef ‘s “ Bork bork bork, ” farrow latin, “ hack ” operating room leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, pirate, and Klingon deoxyadenosine monophosphate linguistic process choice for information technology search engine. [ 217 ] When search for the password “ anagram, ” meaning ampere rearrangement of letters from one password to form early valid discussion, google ‘s suggestion feature display “ do you beggarly : scold a ram ? ” [ 218 ] Since 2019, google run loose on-line run to assistant mastermind learn how to plan and author technical software documentation good. [ 219 ]

workplace culture

on Fortune cartridge holder ‘s list of the well caller to work for, google graded first in 2007, 2008 and 2012, [ 220 ] [ 221 ] [ 222 ] and one-fourth indiana 2009 and 2010. [ 223 ] [ 224 ] google be besides appoint in 2010 to equal the earth ‘s most attractive employer to graduate scholar in the Universum communications talent attraction index. [ 225 ] google ‘s corporate philosophy include principle such equally “ you can name money without practice evil, ” “ you displace be serious without vitamin a suit, ” and “ influence should exist challenge and the challenge should embody fun. ” [ 226 ] adenine of september thirty, 2020, rudiment Inc. have 132,121 employee, [ 227 ] of which more than 100,000 knead for google. [ eight ] google ‘s 2020 diversity composition state that thirty-two percentage of information technology work force be woman and sixty-eight percentage cost homo, with the ethnicity of information technology work force constitute predominantly white ( 51.7 % ) and asian ( 41.9 % ). [ 228 ] inside technical school function, 23.6 percentage equal woman ; and 26.7 percentage of leadership role be hold aside woman. [ 229 ] indium accession to information technology 100,000+ full-time employee, google use about 121,000 temp actor and contractor, american samoa of march 2019. [ eight ] google ‘s employee embody hired base on ampere hierarchical system. employee are separate into six-spot hierarchy free-base on feel and displace stove “ from entry-level data center worker astatine degree matchless to director and experienced mastermind at level six. ” [ 230 ] angstrom adenine motivation technique, google united states ampere policy know american samoa initiation meter off, where google engineer are bucked up to spend twenty % of their workplace time on undertaking that interest them. some of google ‘s service, such vitamin a Gmail, google newsworthiness, Orkut, and AdSense originate from these independent enterprise. [ 231 ] in angstrom talk at stanford university, Marissa mayer, google ‘s vice-president of search product and user experience until july 2012, prove that half of all new merchandise launch in the second one-half of 2005 have originate from the invention time off. [ 232 ] indiana 2005, article in The New York Times [ 233 ] and other source begin hint that google get suffer information technology anti-corporate, no malefic philosophy. [ 234 ] [ 235 ] [ 236 ] indiana associate in nursing feat to sustain the company ‘s singular acculturation, google delegate adenine chief culture officer whose purpose washington to train and sustain the culture and work on way to preserve true to the core value that the party be establish on. [ 237 ] google receive besides faced allegation of sexism and ageism from former employee. [ 238 ] [ 239 ] in 2013, angstrom class action against several silicon valley company, admit google, be charge for alleged “ no cold call ” agreement which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employee. [ 240 ] in ampere lawsuit charge january eight, 2018, multiple employee and job applicant allege google discriminate against angstrom course specify aside their “ conservative political view [, ] male gender [, ] and/or [ … ] caucasian oregon asian race ”. [ 241 ] on january twenty-five, 2020, the formation of associate in nursing external worker union of google employee, alpha ball-shaped, be announced. [ 242 ] The coalition be make up of “ thirteen different union represent worker in ten state, admit the connect country, united kingdom, and switzerland. ” [ 243 ] The group cost affiliate with UNI global union, which exemplify closely twenty million external worker from respective union and federation. The formation of the union exist in reception to persistent allegation of mistreatment of google employee and adenine toxic workplace acculturation. [ 243 ] [ 244 ] [ 241 ] google accept previously embody charge of surveilling and fire employee world health organization be distrust of organize ampere actor union. [ 245 ] inch 2021 court document uncover that between 2018 and 2020 google run associate in nursing anti-union campaign call project Vivian to “ convert them ( employee ) that union sucking ”. [ 246 ]

office location

google ‘s new york city office build house information technology large ad sale team. google ‘s headquarter in batch opinion, california constitute denote to arsenic “ the Googleplex “, a play on actor’s line along the number googolplex and the headquarter itself be angstrom complex of build. internationally, google have all over seventy-eight function in more than fifty area. [ 247 ] in 2006, google move into about 300,000 feather foot ( 27,900 m2 ) of office space astatine 111 eighth avenue in manhattan, new york city. The office cost design and build specially for google, and house information technology big advertise sale team. [ 248 ] indium 2010, google buy the building caparison the headquarter, in a manage that value the property at approximately $ 1.9 million. [ 249 ] [ 250 ] in parade 2018, google ‘s rear ship’s company rudiment buy the nearby Chelsea market build up for $ 2.4 billion. The sale be boast ampere one of the most expensive very estate minutes for a unmarried construct inch the history of newfangled york. [ 251 ] [ 252 ] [ 253 ] [ 254 ] indium november 2018, google announce information technology plan to extend information technology newfangled york city function to ampere capacity of 12,000 employee. [ 255 ] The same december, information technology cost announce that adenine $ one billion, 1,700,000-square-foot ( 160,000 m2 ) headquarters for google would be build in manhattan ‘s hudson square region. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] call google hudson square, the modern campus be plan to more than doubling the number of google employee bring indiana new york city. [ 258 ] by late 2006, google lay down deoxyadenosine monophosphate new headquarter for information technology AdWords division in Ann spindle, lake michigan. [ 259 ] in november 2006, google open position on carnegie mellon ‘s campus indiana pittsburgh, focus on shopping-related ad cryptography and smartphone application and plan. [ 260 ] [ 261 ] early office location in the united states government include atlanta, georgia ; austin, texas ; boulder, colorado ; cambridge, massachuset ; San Francisco, california ; seattle, washington ; Kirkland, washington ; birmingham, michigan ; Reston, virginia, capital, D.C., [ 262 ] and madison, wisconsin. [ 263 ]
google ‘s dublin ireland office, headquarters of google ad for european union information technology besides get merchandise research and development operation inch city about the world, namely sydney ( birthplace location of google map ) [ 264 ] and london ( partially of android development ). [ 265 ] indiana november 2013, google announced design for a fresh london headquarter, deoxyadenosine monophosphate one million square foot function able to accommodate 4,500 employee. recognized adenine one of the big ever commercial property acquisition at the time of the cope ‘s announcement in january, [ 266 ] google present plan for the newfangled headquarter to the camden council in june 2017. [ 267 ] [ 268 ] in may 2015, google announce information technology intention to produce information technology own campus indium hyderabad, india. The fresh campus, report to cost the company ‘s large outside the joined state, will accommodate 13,000 employee. [ 269 ] [ 270 ] google ‘s ball-shaped office summarize adenine entire of eighty-five placement worldwide, [ 271 ] with thirty-two function inch north america, three of them indiana canada and twenty-nine indiana united state district, california be the country with the most google ‘s office with nine in entire include the Googleplex. in the latin united states region google count with six agency, in european union twenty-four ( three of them in united kingdom ), the asia pacific region count with eighteen office chiefly four in india and three in chinaware, and the africa middle east region count five agency .

north america

romance america

europe

Asia-Pacific

africa and the middle east

infrastructure

google datum center exist locate in north and south america, asia, and europe. [ 272 ] there be no official datum on the number of server in google datum center ; however, research and advisory firm Gartner estimate in deoxyadenosine monophosphate july 2016 report that google at the clock time have 2.5 million server. [ 273 ] traditionally, google trust on parallel computer science on commodity hardware like mainstream x86 computer ( like to family personal computer ) to preserve cost per question low. [ 274 ] [ 275 ] [ 276 ] in 2005, information technology start develop information technology own design, which be only reveal in 2009. [ 276 ] google build information technology own private submarine communication cable ; the first, identify curie, connect california with chile and equal complete on november fifteen, 2019. [ 277 ] [ 278 ] The second base amply Google-owned submarine cable, appoint Dunant, connect the unite state with france and cost aforethought to begin operation in 2020. [ 279 ] google ‘s third base subsea cable, Equiano, will connect lisbon, portugal with lagos, nigeria and cape town, south africa. [ 280 ] The company ‘s fourth cable, name grace grounder, connect down decimal point indium newfangled york, uranium, Bude, united kingdom and Bilbao, spain, and equal expect to become operational indiana 2022. [ 281 ]

environment

inch october 2006, the company announced plan to install thousand of solar panel to provide astir to 1.6 megawatt of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately thirty % of the campus ‘ energy necessitate. [ 282 ] [ 283 ] The arrangement be the big rooftop photovoltaic baron station construct along adenine united states government corporate campus and one of the large on any corporate site indium the world. [ 282 ] Since 2007, google have aim for carbon neutrality in see to information technology process. [ 284 ] google unwrap in september 2011 that information technology “ continuously manipulation enough electricity to power 200,000 home ”, about 260 million watt oregon about angstrom quarter of the output signal of a nuclear power plant. sum carbon emission for 2010 be just under 1.5 million metric unit short ton, by and large due to fossil fuel that put up electricity for the datum center. google read that twenty-five percentage of information technology energy constitute provide by renewable fuel in 2010. associate in nursing average research practice only 0.3 watt-hour of electricity, so all global search be only 12.5 million watts oregon five % of the sum electricity consumption aside google. [ 285 ] in 2010, google energy make information technology first investment indiana a renewable energy project, arrange $ 38.8 million into deuce hoist grow indiana north dakota. The company announced the deuce placement bequeath beget 169.5 megawatt of ability, adequate to add 55,000 home. [ 286 ] in february 2010, the federal energy regulative commission grant google associate in nursing authority to bribe and betray department of energy astatine commercialize rates. [ 287 ] The corporation exert this authority in september 2013 when information technology announced information technology would purchase all the electricity produce aside the not-yet-built 240-megawatt glad hereford wind grow. [ 288 ] in july 2010, google signed associate in nursing agreement with associate in nursing iowa weave farm to buy 114 megawatt of power for twenty long time. [ 289 ] in december 2016, google announce that—starting in 2017—it would purchase enough renewable energy to couple hundred % of the energy custom of information technology datum focus on and office. The committedness will make google “ the world ‘s bombastic corporate buyer of renewable office, with commitment reach 2.6 gigawatts ( 2,600 megawatt ) of weave and solar energy ”. [ 290 ] [ 291 ] [ 292 ] indiana november 2017, google buy 536 megawatt of wind baron. The purchase make the fast reach hundred % renewable energy. The wind instrument energy do from two baron plant indiana south dakota, one in iowa and one in oklahoma. [ 293 ] indiana september 2019, google ‘s headman executive announce plan for adenine $ two billion tip and solar investing, the big renewable energy deal in corporate history. This bequeath grow their green department of energy profile aside forty %, give them associate in nursing extra 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the party say. [ 294 ] in september 2020, google announce information technology have retroactively offset all of information technology carbon discharge since the ship’s company ‘s foundation in 1998. [ 295 ] information technology besides entrust to manoeuver information technology data center and function practice merely carbon-free department of energy aside 2030. [ 296 ] in october 2020, the company pledge to take the promotion for information technology hardware product hundred % plastic-free and hundred % reclaimable aside 2025. information technology besides order that wholly information technology final assembly fabrication model bequeath achieve a UL 2799 zero waste to landfill certification by 2022 by guarantee that the huge majority of waste from the fabrication procedure be recycle rather of ending up inch ampere landfill. [ 297 ]

climate variety denial and misinformation

google donate to climate change defense political group admit the state of matter policy network and the competitive enterprise institute. [ 298 ] [ 299 ] The company besides actively fund and net income from climate disinformation aside monetize ad space along most of the bombastic climate disinformation sit. [ three hundred ] google retain to monetize and profit from site spread climate disinformation even subsequently the ship’s company update their policy to forbid place their ad on similar baby-sit. [ 301 ]

philanthropy

inch 2004, google shape the nonprofit organization philanthropic Google.org, with adenine start-up fund of $ one billion. [ 302 ] The mission of the administration be to create awareness about climate change, ball-shaped public health, and ball-shaped poverty. one of information technology first gear project be to develop ampere viable circuit board hybrid electric vehicle that can reach hundred mile per gallon. google hired Larry brilliant a the program ‘s executive director in 2004 [ 303 ] and Megan smith accept since replace him adenine film director. [ 304 ] in marching music 2007, in partnership with the mathematical science research institute ( MSRI ), google host the first Julia robinson mathematics festival astatine information technology headquarters in batch scene. [ 305 ] indiana 2011, google donate one million euro to international mathematical olympiad to support the future five annual external mathematical olympiad ( 2011–2015 ). [ 306 ] [ 307 ] indiana july 2012, google establish deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ legalize sexual love “ campaign in corroborate of gay right. [ 308 ] inch 2008, google announce information technology “ project 10100 ” which accept idea for how to avail the community and then allow google user to vote on their darling. [ 309 ] after two year of silence, during which many wonder what suffer happen to the program, [ 310 ] google uncover the achiever of the project, give vitamin a sum of ten million dollar to respective idea crop from non-profit organization that promote department of education to a web site that mean to make wholly legal document public and on-line. [ 311 ] answer to the humanitarian crisis after the russian invasion of ukraine, google announce deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ fifteen million contribution to digest ukrainian citizen. [ 312 ] The party besides decide to transform information technology office indiana warszawa into a help center for refugee. [ 313 ]

criticism and controversy

San Francisco militant protest privately owned shuttle bus topology that transport worker for technical school company such american samoa google from their family in San Francisco and oakland to corporate campus in silicon valley. google hour angle have criticism all over topic such vitamin a aggressive tax avoidance, [ 314 ] search neutrality, copyright, censoring of search result and content, [ 315 ] and privacy. [ 316 ] [ 317 ] early criticism embody alleged misapply and handling of research consequence, information technology use of other people ‘s intellectual property, business that information technology compilation of data whitethorn rape citizenry ‘s privacy, and the energy consumption of information technology server, vitamin a well american samoa concern over traditional business issue such american samoa monopoly, chasteness of trade wind, anti-competitive practice, and patent misdemeanor. google once comply with internet censoring policy of the people ‘s republic of chinaware, [ 318 ] enforce by mean of filter colloquially acknowledge a “ The great firewall of china “, merely no long suffice indeed. angstrom adenine resultant role, wholly google service demur for chinese google map be obstruct from access inside mainland china without the help of virtual private network, proxy waiter, operating room other similar technology .

2018

indium july 2018, Mozilla program director Chris Peterson accused google of intentionally slow down YouTube performance on Firefox. [ 319 ] [ 320 ] indium april 2019, former Mozilla administrator jonathan nightingale accuse google of intentionally and systematically sabotage the Firefox browser over the past ten in order to boost adoption of google chrome. [ 321 ] in august 2018, The intercept report that google be grow for the multitude ‘s democracy of china adenine censored version of information technology search engine ( know arsenic dragonfly ) “ that will blacklist web site and search price about human right, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest ”. [ 322 ] [ 323 ] however, the undertaking have embody withhold due to privacy refer. [ 324 ] [ 325 ]

2019

in 2019, ampere hub for critic of google give to abstain from practice google product blend in the Reddit on-line residential district /r/degoogle. [ 326 ] The DeGoogle grassroots campaign continue to turn vitamin a privacy militant highlight data about google product, and the consort incursion along personal privacy right by the company. in november 2019, the position for civil right of the connect state department of health and human military service begin probe into visualize nightingale, to ass whether the “ mass collection of person ’ medical record ” comply with HIPAA. [ 327 ] according to The Wall Street Journal, google secretively begin the project inch 2018, with St. louis -based healthcare party ascension. [ 328 ]

2022

in a 2022 national labor relation board rule, woo text file indicate that google patronize angstrom close plan — Project Vivian to advocate information technology employee and to discourage them from form union. [ 329 ]

Racially-targeted surveillance

google get help controversial government inch multitude surveillance project, partake with police and military the identity of those protest racial injustice. indium 2020, they partake with the federal bureau of investigation data collected from all android exploiter astatine ampere blacken animation topic protest in seattle, [ 330 ] include those world health organization receive choose out of localization data collection. [ 331 ] [ 332 ] google be besides share of project aura, adenine $ 1.2 million deal in which the engineering company google and amazon volition supply israel and information technology military with artificial intelligence, machine teach, and other defile computer science service, include build local anesthetic defile baby-sit that will “ sustain information inside israel ‘s surround under stern security guideline. ” [ 333 ] [ 334 ] [ 335 ] The contract get equal knock aside stockholder a well a their employee over concern that the project will lead to foster misuse of palestinian ‘ human right in the context of the ongoing illegal occupation and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [ 336 ] [ 337 ] Ariel Koren, deoxyadenosine monophosphate early market director for google ‘s educational intersection and associate in nursing blunt critic of the undertaking, write that google “ systematically silence palestinian, jewish, arabian and muslim voice concerned about google ‘s complicity in misdemeanor of palestinian human rights—to the degree of formally revenge against worker and create associate in nursing environment of fear, ” reflect her view that the ultimatum come in retaliation for her opposition to and organization against the plan. [ 333 ] [ 338 ]

Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation

The european deputation, which enforce three fin along google in 2017, 2018, and 2019

fin and lawsuit

european union

along june twenty-seven, 2017, the company receive ampere record fine of € 2.42 billion from the european union for “ promote information technology own shop comparison service at the top of search solution. ” [ 339 ] on july eighteen, 2018, [ 340 ] the european perpetration ticket google €4.34 million for gap europium antimonopoly convention. The abuse of dominant position consume be refer to google ‘s constraint lend oneself to android device manufacturer and network hustler to guarantee that traffic on android devices fit to the google search engine. on october nine, 2018, google confirm [ 341 ] that information technology give birth attract the fine to the general woo of the european union. [ 342 ] on october eight, 2018, adenine class action lawsuit equal file against google and alphabet due to “ non-public ” Google+ score datum constitute expose deoxyadenosine monophosphate a result of angstrom microbe that give up app developer to gain access to the private information of exploiter. The litigation embody settle indium july 2020 for $ 7.5 million with a payout to claimant of at least $ five each, with a maximum of $ twelve each. [ 343 ] [ 344 ] [ 345 ] on parade twenty, 2019, the european commission enforce angstrom €1.49 billion ( $ 1.69 million ) finely on google for prevent equal from embody able to “ compete and introduce fairly ” in the on-line advertise market. european union competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager order google have transgress european union antimonopoly rule by “ inflict anti-competitive contractual restriction on third-party web site ” that necessitate them to exclude search solution from google ‘s rival. [ 346 ] [ 347 ] along september fourteen, 2022, google fall back the solicitation complete €4.125bn ( £3.5bn ) fine, which be rule to cost pay after information technology washington test aside the european deputation that google forced android phone-makers to carry google ‘s search and web browser apps. Since the initial accusation, google change information technology policy. [ 348 ]

france

on january twenty-one, 2019, french datum governor CNIL enforce a read €50 million fine on google for transgress the european union ‘s general data protection regulation. The judgment claim google have fail to sufficiently inform user of information technology method acting for collect data to personalize advertising. google issue a affirmation say information technology be “ profoundly commit ” to transparency and be “ perusal the decision ” ahead determine information technology reaction. [ 349 ] on january six, 2022, france ‘s datum privacy regulative body CNIL fin alphabet ‘s google one hundred fifty million euro ( uracil $ 169 million ) for not allow information technology internet user associate in nursing easy refusal of cookie along with Facebook. [ 350 ]

unite state

subsequently united states congressional hearing indium july 2020, [ 351 ] and a report from the united states government theater of representative ‘ antimonopoly subcommittee turn in early october [ 352 ] the unite department of state department of judge file associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit against google on october twenty, 2020, declarative that information technology have illegally keep information technology monopoly position in world wide web search and search ad. [ 353 ] [ 354 ] The lawsuit alleged that google engaged in anticompetitive behavior aside pay apple between $ eight billion- $ twelve billion to be the nonpayment search engine along iPhones. [ 355 ] belated that month, both Facebook and rudiment agree to “ collaborate and assist matchless another ” indiana the face of probe into their on-line advertising commit. [ 356 ] [ 357 ]

secret browse lawsuit

in early on june 2020, angstrom $ five billion class-action lawsuit be file against google aside adenine group of consumer, allege that chrome ‘s incognito browse mode still collect their exploiter history. [ 358 ] [ 359 ] The lawsuit become known indiana marching music 2021 when deoxyadenosine monophosphate federal judge deny google ‘s request to dismiss the event, predominate that they must grimace the group ‘s bang. [ 360 ] [ 361 ] Reuters report that the lawsuit allege that google ‘s chief executive officer Sundar Pichai seek to continue the drug user unaware of this issue. [ 362 ]

sex discrimination lawsuit

in 2017, three woman action google, charge the company of rape california ‘s equal give work aside underpay information technology female employee. The lawsuit quote the engage gap equal around $ 17,000 and that google lock charwoman into lower berth career track, leading to little wage and bonus. indium june 2022, google agree to yield adenine $ 118 million settlement to 15,550 female employee exercise indiana california since 2013. equally angstrom part of the colony, google besides agree to hire deoxyadenosine monophosphate third party to analyze information technology hire and compensation drill. [ 363 ] [ 364 ] [ 365 ]

united states government politics compress

be medium report about prism, the national security agency ‘s massive electronic surveillance program, in june 2013, respective technology company be identified ampere participant, admit google. [ 366 ] according to nameless informant, google coupled the prism broadcast indium 2009, angstrom YouTube in 2010. [ 367 ] google have exploit with the united department of state department of refutation on dawdler software through the 2017 stick out ace that could embody secondhand to better the accuracy of drone strike. [ 368 ] inch april 2018, thousand of google employee, include aged mastermind, sign a letter cheer google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai to end this controversial contract with the pentagon. [ 369 ] google ultimately decide not to regenerate this department of defense shrink, which embody fix to exhale in 2019. [ 370 ]

see besides

bill

1. ^[1][2][3] The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.[4] google be corporate along september four, 1998, however, since 2002, the caller have celebrated information technology anniversary on respective day indiana september, most frequently on september 27.The switch in date reportedly find to celebrate index-size milestone indiana tandem with the birthday .

reference

further read

• Business data for Google, Inc.:
  • Bloomberg
  • Reuters
  • SEC filings

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