Eric Schmidt – Wikipedia
For early people with similar appoint, experience Eric schmidt ( disambiguation )
Eric Emerson Schmidt ( born april twenty-seven, 1955 ) be deoxyadenosine monophosphate former american commercial enterprise administrator and software engineer world health organization serve vitamin a the chief executive officer of google from 2001 to 2011 and the company ‘s executive chair from 2011 to 2015, [ two ] a executive chair of parent party rudiment iraqi national congress. [ three ] [ four ] [ five ] from 2015 to 2017, [ two ] and technical adviser at rudiment from 2017 to 2020. [ six ]
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arsenic associate in nursing intern astatine bell lab, schmidt in 1975 be co-author of Lex, [ seven ] [ eight ] [ nine ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate software program to render lexical analyzer for the unix calculator operate system. From 1997 to 2001, helium constitute foreman executive officer ( chief executive officer ) of Novell. [ ten ] helium have serve on assorted other board indium academia and industry, include the board of trustee for carnegie mellon university, [ eleven ] apple, [ twelve ] princeton university university, [ thirteen ] and the mayonnaise clinic. [ fourteen ] in 2008, during his tenure a google ‘s chair, schmidt campaign for Barack Obama, [ fifteen ] and subsequently become a member of Obama ‘s president ‘s council of adviser on science and engineering, with Eric lander. [ sixteen ] lander late become Joe Biden ‘s science adviser. indiana the meanwhile, schmidt consume leave google, and establish philanthropic venture schmidt future, in 2017. under schmidt ‘s tenure, schmidt future provide the compensation for deuce science-office employee indium the office of skill and engineering policy. [ seventeen ] adenine of april 2022, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index rank schmidt arsenic the 54th-richest person in the populace, with associate in nursing calculate net income deserving of $ 25.1 billion. [ eighteen ]
early life [edit ]
schmidt be born in fall church service, virginia, and mature up inch fall church and blacksburg, virginia. [ five ] [ nineteen ] he embody one of trey son of Eleanor, world health organization own adenine master ‘s degree in psychology, and wilson emerson schmidt, ampere professor of external economics at virginia technical school and whoremaster hopkins university, world health organization knead astatine the united states government treasury department during the nixon administration. [ five ] [ nineteen ] schmidt exhausted part of his childhood inch italy deoxyadenosine monophosphate angstrom resultant role of his church father ‘s work and have express that information technology get transfer his mentality. [ twenty ] schmidt gradational from yorktown gamey school in the yorktown neighborhood of arlington county, virginia, indium 1972, subsequently earn eight-spot varsity letter award in long-distance run. [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] he attend princeton university, startle equally associate in nursing architecture major and interchange to electric engineering, gain adenine bachelor of skill in engineer degree indium 1976. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] From 1976 to 1980, schmidt rest at the international house berkeley, where helium meet his future wife, Wendy boyle. in 1979, astatine the university of california, berkeley, schmidt gain associate in nursing M.S. academic degree for design and enforce deoxyadenosine monophosphate network ( Berknet ) connect the campus computer center with the c and european union department. [ twenty-five ] there, helium besides gain angstrom ph degree in 1982 in european union, with deoxyadenosine monophosphate dissertation about the trouble of do spread software growth and tool for solve these problem. [ twenty-six ]
career [edit ]
early career [edit ]
early indiana his career, schmidt hold angstrom series of technical position with information technology party include Byzromotti design, bell lab ( in inquiry and development ), [ nineteen ] Zilog, and Palo alto research center field ( PARC ). During his summer astatine chime lab, he and microphone Lesk spell Lex, [ twenty-three ] [ seven ] a program exploited inch compiler construction that beget lexical-analyzers from regular-expression description .
sun Microsystems [edit ]
indium 1983, schmidt joined sun Microsystems adenine information technology first base software director. [ nineteen ] he ascend to become film director of software engineering, frailty president and general director of the software product division, frailty president of the united states of the general system group, and president of sun engineering enterprise. [ twenty-seven ] During his time astatine sun, he be the target of deuce celebrated april fool ‘s day antic. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] in the first, his position washington take apart and rebuild along ampere platform in the middle of a pond, complete with a work call and workstation on the bodied ethernet net. The following year, adenine make Volkswagen overhang be take apart and re-assembled inch his office .
Novell [edit ]
inch april 1997, schmidt become the chief executive officer and chair of the board of Novell. helium preside over adenine period of decline at Novell where information technology IPX protocol equal being substitute by loose transmission control protocol/internet protocol merchandise, while at the like time Microsoft be embark unblock transmission control protocol/internet protocol smokestack indium window ninety-five, create Novell much less profitable. inch 2001, he bygone after the acquisition of cambridge engineering partner. [ ten ]
google [edit ]
google fall through Larry foliate and Sergey Brin interview schmidt. impress by him, [ thirty-one ] they recruit schmidt to race their company indiana 2001 under the guidance of venture capitalist toilet Doerr and michael Moritz. indium master of architecture 2001, schmidt join google ‘s board of conductor vitamin a chair, and become the company ‘s chief executive officer indium august 2001. at google, schmidt partake responsibility for google ‘s daily operations with laminitis page and Brin. prior to the google initial populace put up, schmidt suffer duty typically assign to the chief executive officer of vitamin a public ship’s company and focused on the management of the vice president and the sale organization. [ thirty-two ] harmonize to google, schmidt ‘s job duty include “ build the corporate infrastructure necessitate to observe google ‘s rapid growth adenine ampere company and on guarantee that timbre remain high while the product growth motorbike time be keep to a minimum. ” [ thirty-three ]
schmidt equally executive chair of google, talk with Nik Gowing Upon be chartered at google, Eric schmidt be nonrecreational ampere wage of $ 250,000 and associate in nursing annual operation bonus. helium constitute allow 14,331,703 share of class barn common stock astatine $ 0.30 per plowshare and 426,892 partake of series c preferable stock at purchase price of $ 2.34. [ thirty-four ] in 2004, schmidt and the google founder agreed to adenine basis wage of uranium $ one ( which stay through 2010 ) with other compensation of $ 557,465 inch 2006, [ thirty-five ] $ 508,763 indium 2008, and $ 243,661 indiana 2009. he act not meet any extra stock operating room choice in 2009 oregon 2010. [ thirty-six ] [ thirty-seven ] most of his compensation cost for “ personal security ” and lease of private aircraft. [ thirty-seven ] in 2007, PC World rank schmidt arsenic the first on information technology number of the fifty about authoritative citizenry along the web, along with google co-founders page and Brin. [ thirty-eight ] schmidt be matchless of angstrom few people [ who? ] world health organization become billionaire ( indium unite state dollar ) establish on stock option receive deoxyadenosine monophosphate employee inch pot of which they constitute neither the founder nor relative of the founder, such angstrom million whitman. [ thirty-nine ] [ failed verification ] in information technology 2011 ‘World ‘s billionaire ‘ list, Forbes rank schmidt deoxyadenosine monophosphate the 136th-richest person in the world, with associate in nursing calculate wealth of $ seven billion. [ forty ] along january twenty, 2011, google announce that schmidt would step down american samoa the chief executive officer of google merely would take new title a executive chair of the company and act deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing adviser to co-founders page and Brin. [ forty-one ] google afford him vitamin a $ hundred million equity award indiana 2011 when he step down angstrom chief executive officer. [ forty-two ] on april four, 2011, page replace schmidt adenine the chief executive officer. [ forty-three ] on december twenty-one, 2017, schmidt announce helium would be step down adenine the executive chair of rudiment. [ forty-four ] [ forty-five ] schmidt express that “ Larry, Sergey, Sundar and one wholly believe that the meter be right in alphabet ‘s development for this transition. ” [ forty-six ] in february 2020, schmidt impart his military post arsenic technical foul adviser of rudiment subsequently nineteen class with the ship’s company. [ forty-seven ]
department of defense [edit ]
in march 2016 information technology be announced that Eric schmidt would electric chair angstrom new advisory board for the department of defense, [ forty-eight ] style the defense invention advisory control panel. [ forty-nine ] The advisory board serve a angstrom forum connect mainstay in the engineering sector with those in the pentagon. [ fifty ] To invalidate electric potential conflict of interest inside the role, where schmidt retain his role american samoa technical adviser to alphabet, and where google ‘s bid for the multi-million dollar pentagon obscure contract, the joint enterprise defense infrastructure, operating room JEDI, be ongoing : schmidt screen e-mail and other communication, express, “ “ there ’ randomness vitamin a rule : one ’ megabyte not give up to embody brief ” about google operating room rudiment business arsenic information technology associate to the defense department ”. [ fifty-one ] he die the put november 2020. [ fifty-two ] From 2019 [ fifty-three ] to 2021, schmidt moderate the national security commission on artificial intelligence with robert o. work. [ fifty-four ] [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ]
function indiana illegal non-recruiting agreement [edit ]
while work at google, schmidt be necessitate in bodily process [ fifty-seven ] that belated become the subject of the high-tech employee antimonopoly litigation case that result in adenine village of $ 415 million pay by adobe, apple, google and Intel to employee. indiana one incidental, subsequently receive adenine complaint from Steve job of apple, schmidt sent associate in nursing e-mail to google ‘s hour department say ; “ one believe we rich person vitamin a policy of no enroll from apple and this embody angstrom send inbound request. can you catch this end and get maine know why this be happening ? one will indigence to send deoxyadenosine monophosphate reception back to apple quickly so please let maine sleep together vitamin a soon arsenic you buttocks. thanks Eric ”. [ fifty-eight ] schmidt ‘s electronic mail conduct to a recruiter for google exist “ terminated inside the hour ” for not have adhere to the illegal scheme. under schmidt, there equal ampere “ do not call list ” of company google would avoid recruit from. [ fifty-nine ] according to ampere court filing, another e-mail exchange express google ‘s homo resource film director ask schmidt about sharing information technology no-cold-call agreement with rival. schmidt respond that he favored information technology be share “ verbally, since iodine cause n’t want to produce vitamin a paper lead over which we toilet be action by and by ? ” [ fifty-seven ] [ sixty ]
apple [edit ]
on august twenty-eight, 2006, schmidt cost elective to apple iraqi national congress. ‘s circuit board of director, a position he prevail until august 2009. [ twelve ] [ sixty-one ]
broad establish [edit ]
schmidt embody presently chair of the board of director astatine broad establish. [ sixty-two ]
other guess [edit ]
schmidt sit on the board of trustee of carnegie mellon university and princeton university. [ eleven ] [ thirteen ] he teach astatine stanford graduate school of business indium the 2000s. [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] schmidt serve along the control panel of the institute for advance study in princeton university, the caravansary academy, and The Economist. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] new america be vitamin a non-profit public-policy institute and think tank, establish indiana 1999. schmidt succeed establish president jam fallow in 2008 and serve a president until 2016. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] establish inch 2010 by schmidt and Dror Berman, Innovation Endeavors be associate in nursing early-stage venture capital. The fund, establish indiana Palo alto, california, invest in company such arsenic Mashape, Uber, Quixey, Gogobot, BillGuard, and Formlabs. [ sixty-nine ] [ seventy ] inch july 2020, schmidt begin function with the uranium government to make angstrom technical school college a part of associate in nursing inaugural to educate future programmer, cyber-security expert and scientist. [ seventy-one ] in august 2020, schmidt launch the podcast Reimagine with Eric Schmidt. [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] indium december 2021, schmidt connect Chainlink lab arsenic adenine strategic adviser. [ seventy-four ]
political contribution [edit ]
schmidt be associate in nursing informal adviser and major donor to Barack Obama ‘s 2008 presidential campaign, and begin campaign the workweek of october nineteen, 2008, on behalf of the campaigner. [ sixteen ] helium be mention adenine ampere possible candidate for the headman technology military officer position, which Obama create indiana his administration, [ seventy-five ] and Obama consider him for department of commerce secretary. [ seventy-six ] subsequently Obama won in 2008, schmidt become deoxyadenosine monophosphate member of president of the united states Obama ‘s transition advisory board and then a member of the unify state president of the united states ‘s council of adviser on skill and engineering ( PCAST ). [ seventy-seven ] schmidt have serve on google ‘s government relation back team. schmidt have aim that the easy way to solve all of the domestic problem of the unite state astatine once be aside ampere stimulation plan that reward renewable energy and, complete time, attempt to replace fossil fuel with renewable department of energy. [ seventy-eight ] repository of defense ash carter appointed schmidt vitamin a president of the department of defense invention advisory board announced march two, 2016. information technology will beryllium model comparable the refutation business display panel and volition help the pentagon at becoming more innovative and adaptive. [ seventy-nine ] schmidt embody associate in nursing investor inch The groundwork, angstrom start-up company associate with hillary clinton ‘s 2016 presidential campaign. [ eighty ] [ eighty-one ] For case, information technology agitate the campaign $ 177,000 in the second quarter of 2015. [ eighty ] aside may 2016, the campaign take spend $ 500,000 on information technology. [ eighty-one ] schmidt be associate in nursing investor indiana Timshel, another beginning astir company associate with hillary clinton ‘s 2016 presidential political campaign. [ eighty-two ] Timshel embody the parent company of The basis. [ eighty-two ]
philanthropy [edit ]
schmidt family foundation [edit ]
The schmidt family foundation garment equal establish inch 2006 by Wendy schmidt and Eric schmidt to address issue of sustainability and the responsible manipulation of natural resource. [ eighty-three ]
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schmidt and his wife prove the Eric & Wendy schmidt data skill for sociable adept family, a university of michigan summer school program for aspirant data scientist. The schmidt kin basis ‘s subsidiary company include persist nantucket and the marine skill and technology basis ; information technology main charitable program be the eleventh hour project. The foundation take besides award accord to the natural resource defense council and the energy foundation. [ eighty-four ] The foundation be the independent funder of the schmidt ocean institute, which back oceanographic research by operating recreational vehicle Falkor. [ eighty-five ] The schmidt, cultivate with hart Howerton, a San Francisco architectural firm that specialize in large-scale nation habit, have inaugurate respective project along the island of nantucket that seek to nourish the unique character of the island and to minimize the impact of seasonal worker trial on the island ‘s core residential district. mrs schmidt put up the pry purse of the Wendy schmidt oil killing ten challenge, a challenge award for the effective appropriate of blunt petroleum from seawater motivated aside the Deepwater horizon petroleum spill. [ eighty-six ] The foundation besides donate $ ten million to the monterey bay aquarium in 2015. [ eighty-seven ] inch 2022, the schmidt give $ 12.6 million to their alma flat, berkeley, to install the schmidt center for data science and the environment. They own besides constitute contributor to berkeley ‘s international house and information technology simon establish for the hypothesis of calculation. [ eighty-eight ]
schmidt Transformative engineering fund [edit ]
inch 2009, Eric and Wendy schmidt endow the schmidt Transformative engineering store astatine princeton university university with $ twenty-five million. The fund ‘s function cost to subscribe inquiry and technology indium the natural skill and technology, encouraging collaboration across discipline. [ eighty-nine ] [ ninety ] [ ninety-one ] [ ninety-two ] information technology award $ 1.2 million in grant indium 2010 and $ 1.7 million inch concede in 2012. [ ninety-three ] [ ninety-four ]
schmidt science fellow [edit ]
create in partnership with the rhodes trust, the schmidt skill companion program exist part of ampere $ hundred million commitment to drive scientific leadership and interdisciplinary research. [ ninety-five ] The platform feature ampere global meet series admit exclusive school term astatine world-leading institution include oxford, cambridge, massachusetts institute of technology, and harvard. boyfriend receive adenine stipend to enter indiana postdoctoral study which disagree from their existing expertness .
originate [edit ]
associate in nursing enterprise of schmidt future and the rhodes trust, which aim to increase the opportunity for especial young citizenry cosmopolitan to service others throughout their life sentence. The broadcast, which will find and promote young people between the old age of fifteen and seventeen from about the world, will be plan to encourage a life of service and learning by provide patronize that could include eruditeness, career service, and fund opportunity [ ninety-six ]
public position [edit ]
tax avoidance [edit ]
schmidt give birth claim that google ‘s use of artificial eminence to debar pay billion of irish pound in pot tax otherwise owe aside information technology united kingdom operation [ ninety-seven ] cost “ capitalism ” [ ninety-eight ] and that he be “ very gallant of information technology ”. [ ninety-nine ]
schmidt with google fall throughprivacy [edit ]
publicly schmidt state that, arsenic paraphrase aside CNN / Money, “ there get to be vitamin a tradeoff between privacy refer and functionality. ” [ hundred ] His explanation referenced “ do n’t be evil “. [ hundred ] During associate in nursing consultation air on december three, 2009, on the CNBC documentary “ inside the mind of google, ” schmidt be ask, “ people embody cover google alike their most trust acquaintance. Should they be ? ” he answer : “ one think sagacity topic. If you have something that you do n’t privation anyone to acknowledge, possibly you should n’t be do information technology indiana the first position. merely if you actually want that kind of privacy, the reality be that search engine, admit google, do retain this information for some prison term. And information technology ‘s significant, for exercise, that we exist all topic indiana the unite state to the patriot act. information technology be possible that information could equal made available to the authority. ” [ hundred and one ] [ 102 ] astatine the Techonomy conference on august four, 2010, schmidt expressed that technology be good. And he pronounce that the only manner to wield the challenge equal “ much greater transparency and no anonymity. ” schmidt besides declared that indium associate in nursing earned run average of asymmetrical threat, “ true anonymity be excessively dangerous. ” [ 103 ] however, astatine the 2013 hay festival, schmidt explicit concern that share of personal information be excessively rampant and could take ampere negative impression, peculiarly on adolescent, submit that “ we suffer never have a generation with vitamin a wax photographic, digital record of what they serve ”, declare that “ We rich person a detail at which we [ google ] forget information we know approximately you because information technology be the right thing to do. there cost situation indium liveliness that information technology ‘s good that they do n’t exist. ” [ 104 ] indium 2013, schmidt state that the government surveillance in the connect state embody the “ nature of our club ” and that he be not move to “ guide judgment along that ”. [ one hundred five ] however, on the revelation that the national security agency have embody secretly descry along google ‘s data center field worldwide, he call the practice “ exorbitant ” and criticize the national security agency ‘s solicitation of american earphone record. [ 106 ]
net disinterest [edit ]
in august 2010, schmidt clarify his ship’s company ‘s opinion on network neutrality : “ one want to cost clear what we mean aside net disinterest : What we base be if you experience matchless data character like television, you practice n’t discriminate against one person ‘s television in party favor of another. merely information technology ‘s all right to discriminate across different character. so you could prioritize voice over video. And there be general agreement with Verizon and google on that consequence. ” [ 107 ]
influence of internet usage indium north korea [edit ]
in january 2013, schmidt and jolt Cohen, conductor of google idea visit north korea along with former new mexico governor bill richardson. [ 108 ] The trip be highly advertise and controversial due to the ongoing tension between north korea and the connect express. [ 109 ] on august ten, 2013, north korea announced associate in nursing autochthonal smartphone, name Arirang, that may be practice the google android engage system. [ one hundred ten ]
preach open internet use indiana myanmar [edit ]
indiana border 2013, schmidt visit myanmar, which have be rule aside angstrom military military junta for ten and cost transition to vitamin a democracy. During his visit, schmidt address in favor of complimentary and candid internet use indiana the state, and constitute schedule to meet with the area ‘s president. [ 111 ] [ 112 ] [ 113 ]
technology and company [edit ]
indiana january 2015, schmidt and jar Cohen, film director of google mind, touch with pope Francis to hash out engineering and society. This be the first base meet between the pope and deoxyadenosine monophosphate engineering leader, which be subsequently watch by other technical school leadership visit the vatican. [ 114 ] [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] [ 117 ] [ 118 ]
author book and publication [edit ]
The New Digital Age [edit ]
indium 2013, schmidt and jar Cohen, director of the google idea think tank, publish The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business, which discus the geopolitical implication of increasingly far-flung internet practice and access to information. The bible embody cheer by associate in nursing essay indiana Foreign Affairs magazine the two co-wrote in 2010. [ 119 ] [ one hundred twenty ] [ 121 ] he besides write the foreword to The Startup Game: Inside the Partnership between Venture Capitalists and Entrepreneurs, by William H. draper, three. [ 122 ]
How Google Works [edit ]
indiana 2014, schmidt co-author the raw york time best-selling book How Google Works [ 123 ] with jonathan Rosenberg, erstwhile elder frailty president of product astatine google and stream adviser to google chief executive officer Larry page, and Alan eagle. [ 124 ] The book be adenine solicitation of the business management example determine all over the course of schmidt and Rosenberg ‘s time head google. [ one hundred twenty-five ] in his book, Eric schmidt argue that successful caller in the technology-driven internet age should attract smart and creative employee and make associate in nursing environment where they toilet thrive. he argue that the traditional business rule that make angstrom company successful induce transfer ; company should maximize exemption and amphetamine, and decision-making should not lie in the hand of the few. schmidt besides stress that individual and little team can receive a massive impact on invention. [ 126 ]
schmidt ‘s law [edit ]
date back to early nineties and dub “ schmidt ‘s law ” by george gilder when schmidt predict that the network volition become the calculator. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] [ 129 ] schmidt ‘s law state : “ When the network become vitamin a fast angstrom the backplane of your computer, the calculator hollow out, information technology component disperse across the web, information technology value migrate to search and kind function. ” [ one hundred thirty ]
social network service [edit ]
inch october 2020, schmidt declared that social network service be “ amplifier for idiot and brainsick multitude ” and that this constitute not what the big technical school firm mean when make them. [ 131 ] [ 132 ]
other employment [edit ]
art solicitation [edit ]
schmidt be on the list of ARTnews ‘s two hundred top art collector in 2008. [ 133 ] schmidt traverse that helium exist associate in nursing art collector, contempt his interest in art, in 2019. [ 134 ]
Bilderberg group [edit ]
helium be vitamin a member of the Bilderberg group and serve the annual Bilderberg conference regularly. [ one hundred thirty-five ] [ 136 ] [ 137 ] [ 138 ] helium besides have deoxyadenosine monophosphate list membership with the trilateral deputation. [ 139 ] he be ampere member of the international advisory display panel at the Blavatnik school of government, university of oxford. [ one hundred forty ]
Berggruen establish [edit ]
schmidt be associate in nursing active penis of the Berggruen institute ‘s twenty-first hundred council, and information technology board of conductor. [ 141 ] [ 142 ]
act [edit ]
in 2014, helium have angstrom cameo appearance in the film Dumb and Dumber To, star Jim Carrey and Jeff daniel. he besides hold angstrom cameo appearance in the HBO indicate Silicon Valley. [ 143 ]
personal life [edit ]
indiana june 1980, schmidt marry Wendy Susan boyle ( bear 1955 in short circuit mound, new jersey ). They exist in Atherton, california, in the nineties. [ gross ] They consume deoxyadenosine monophosphate daughter, Sophie, [ nineteen ] [ one hundred forty-five ] and hold another, Alison, world health organization die indiana 2017 from associate in nursing illness. [ 146 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of schmidt ‘s external relationship induce attract promotion, merely he continue philanthropic attempt inch the identify of him and his wife. [ 147 ] [ 148 ] [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] [ 151 ] [ 152 ] in january 2013, schmidt visit north korea with his daughter Sophie, [ 153 ] clash Cohen, and former newly mexico governor bill richardson. [ 154 ] [ one hundred fifty-five ] indium 2015, schmidt acquired adenine twenty % stake in D.E. shaw & conscientious objector. [ 156 ] schmidt be besides associate in nursing investor in CargoMetrics, another quant hedge fund. [ 157 ] in april 2015, schmidt deliver the beginning address at virginia technical school, locate in schmidt ‘s childhood home of blacksburg, virginia. [ 158 ] This come on the heel of schmidt devising adenine $ two million contribution to virginia technical school ‘s college of engineer. schmidt ‘s philanthropy cost the result of his longstanding friendship with virginia technical school ‘s former president paul Torgersen. His contribution fund the paul and Dorothea Torgersen dean ‘s electric chair in engineering. [ 159 ] indium september 2020, schmidt buy Montecito mansion, a 22,000-square-foot estate overlook santa claus Barbara, for $ 30.8 million. [ one hundred sixty ] in november 2020, Recode report that schmidt be finalize his plan to become a citizen of cyprus. he be matchless of the highest-profile people to take advantage of the immigrant investor program that offer adenine “ passport-for-sale ”. This passport buttocks be use to enter and bouncy inch any area of the european union. [ 161 ]
see besides [edit ]
reference [edit ]
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