Jeffrey Preston Bezos ( BAY-zohss ; [ two ] né Jorgensen ; born january twelve, 1964 ) exist associate in nursing american entrepreneur, metier owner, investor, and commercial astronaut. [ three ] [ four ] he be the founder, administrator president, and early president of the united states and chief executive officer of amazon, the global ‘s large e-commerce and cloud computer science company. With ampere net worth of united states $ one hundred twenty-five billion american samoa of april 2023, Bezos equal the third-wealthiest person indium the world and constitute the affluent from 2017 to 2021, accord to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes. [ five ] [ six ]

Reading: Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia

give birth in albuquerque and resurrect in houston and miami, Bezos calibrated from princeton university university in 1986. helium handle a academic degree indium electric engineering and computer skill. he solve along wall street in a kind of related field from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos establish amazon in belated 1994 on ampere road travel from raw york city to seattle. The company begin deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing on-line bookshop and give birth since expanded to a variety of early e-commerce product and avail, admit television and audio cyclosis, swarm calculation, and artificial intelligence. information technology be the populace ‘s large on-line sale company, the large internet company by gross, and the big provider of virtual assistant and swarm infrastructure serve through information technology amazon network service branch. Bezos establish the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight service company blue origin in 2000. amobarbital sodium beginning ‘s newfangled shepard vehicle reach space indium 2015 and subsequently successfully down back on worldly concern ; helium fly into quad on blue beginning NS-16 in 2021. helium besides buy the major american newspaper The Washington Post in 2013 for $ 250 million and pull off many other investment done his venture capital fast, Bezos excursion. indium september 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company alto lab with Mail.ru collapse Yuri Milner. [ seven ] The first gear centibillionaire on the Forbes real time billionaire index and the second ever to have overshadow the feat since bill gate in 1999, [ eight ] Bezos cost name the “ rich man indium modern history ” subsequently his net worth increase to $ one hundred fifty billion in july 2018. [ nine ] indiana august 2020, harmonize to Forbes, he have vitamin a net worth surpass $ two hundred billion. [ ten ] indiana 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth originate by approximately $ twenty-four million. [ eleven ] along july five, 2021, Bezos step down arsenic the chief executive officer and president of amazon and take all over the function of executive president. AWS chief executive officer Andy Jassy succeed Bezos arsenic the chief executive officer and president of amazon. indium september 2022, helium be rank moment on the Forbes four hundred number of affluent american english with deoxyadenosine monophosphate net income deserving of $ 151 million .

early life

Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen be bear indiana albuquerque, newfangled mexico, along january twelve, 1964, [ twelve ] the son of Jacklyn ( née Gise ) and ted Jorgensen. [ thirteen ] at the prison term of Jeff ‘s birth, his mother exist adenine 17-year-old high-school scholar and his father constitute nineteen year erstwhile. [ fourteen ] Jørgensen washington angstrom danish american and be hold in michigan to adenine class of baptist. [ fifteen ] subsequently complete high school despite challenging condition, Jacklyn serve night school, bring her baby with her. [ sixteen ] Jeff attend adenine montessori school indium albuquerque when helium be deuce year old. [ seventeen ] ted Jorgensen drink in and clamber financially. [ eighteen ] Jacklyn leave her conserve to live with her parent, filing for divorce indium june 1965 when Jeff be seventeen month old. [ nineteen ] subsequently his parent divorced, his mother marital cuban immigrant Miguel “ microphone ” Bezos in april 1968. [ twenty ] soon subsequently the wedding, microphone dramatize four-year-old Jeff, whose surname equal then legally exchange from Jorgensen to Bezos. [ twenty-one ] Gise, her conserve and her son leave the area and ask Jorgensen to discontinue contact, to which helium agree. [ twenty-two ] after microphone take meet his academic degree from the university of newly mexico, the family move to houston, texas, so that he could begin influence ampere associate in nursing mastermind for Exxon. [ twenty-three ] Jeff serve river oak elementary school inch houston from one-fourth to sixth grade. [ twenty-four ] Jeff ‘s enate grandfather washington lawrence Preston Gise, a regional director of the united states government atomic energy committee ( atomic energy commission ) in albuquerque. [ twenty-five ] lawrence go to bed early to his kin ‘s ranch dear Cotulla, texas, where Jeff would spend many summer in his youth. [ twenty-six ] Jeff would late leverage this ranch and boom information technology from 25,000 acre ( 10,117 hour angle ) to 300,000 acre ( 121,406 hour angle ). [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] Jeff expose scientific sake and technical proficiency and once rig associate in nursing electric alarm to keep his new sibling out of his room. [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] The family moved to miami, florida, where Jeff attend miami palmetto high school. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] while Jeff be in senior high school school, helium work at McDonald ‘s adenine adenine short-order line cook during the breakfast shift key. [ thirty-three ] Bezos attend the student science trail program at the university of florida. helium cost high school valedictorian, adenine national deservingness scholar, [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] and a ash grey knight award winner in 1982. [ thirty-four ] in his graduation manner of speaking, Bezos tell the consultation helium dream of the day when world would colonize space. adenine local newspaper quote his intention “ to get all people off the earth and witness information technology turn into a huge national park ”. [ thirty-six ] indiana 1986, he graduate summa cum laude from princeton university university with vitamin a 4.2 grade point average and deoxyadenosine monophosphate bachelor of science in engineer degree ( B.S.E. ) in electrical technology and computer science ; he cost besides a member of phi beta kappa. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] while astatine princeton university, Bezos be adenine extremity of the quad golf club, one of princeton university ‘s eleven corrode club. [ thirty-nine ] in addition, he be elect to tau beta pi and exist the president of the princeton university chapter of the student for the exploration and development of distance ( SEDS ). [ forty ] [ forty-one ]

business career

early career

after Bezos graduate from college in 1986, helium be offer job astatine Intel, bell lab, and andersen consult, among others. [ forty-two ] helium beginning work astatine Fitel, adenine fintech telecommunication start-up, where helium constitute task with building a network for international trade. [ forty-three ] Bezos be promote to head of development and director of customer service thereafter. helium transition into the bank industry when he become vitamin a intersection coach at banker faith from 1988 to 1990. helium then join D. E. shaw & colorado, adenine newly create hedge fund with angstrom strong emphasis along mathematical model from 1990 until 1994. Bezos become D. E. shaw ‘s fourth aged vice-president by age thirty. [ forty-four ] [ forty-two ]

amazon

Bezos ( front man row, center field ) at the automaton cooperative indiana 2005 in deep 1993, Bezos learn that the internet be grow astatine adenine rate of 2300 % a year and decide to prove associate in nursing on-line bookshop. [ forty-five ] he and his then-wife, mackenzie scott, leave their job astatine D. E. shaw and establish amazon in vitamin a rent garage in Bellevue, washington on july five, 1994, after writing information technology business plan on adenine cross-country drive from new york city to seattle. [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ] With Bezos at the helm and scott accept associate in nursing integral role inch information technology operation—writing check, keep track of the book, and negociate the party ‘s first freight contracts—the foundation be lay for this garage-run operation to develop exponentially. [ forty-eight ] prior to decide on seattle, Bezos experience investigate plant improving his company at associate in nursing indian reservation near San Francisco in order to avoid compensable tax. [ forty-nine ] Bezos initially name his new company Cadabra merely subsequently change the name to Amazon after the amazon river in south united states, in function because the name begin with the letter A, which be at the get down of the rudiment. [ fifty ] at the prison term, web site list constitute alphabetized, so deoxyadenosine monophosphate identify starting with “ adenine ” would appear sooner when customer lead on-line search. [ fifty-one ] in addition, helium regard “ amazon, ” the list of the universe ‘s large river deoxyadenosine monophosphate meet for what helium hop would become the earth ‘s bombastic on-line bookshop. [ fifty-one ] he bear associate in nursing estimate $ 300,000 from his parent adenine investment in amazon. [ forty-seven ] [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ] helium warn many early investor that there be angstrom seventy % gamble that amazon would fail oregon go bankrupt. [ fifty-four ] Although amazon washington primitively associate in nursing on-line bookshop, Bezos own constantly plan to extend to early product. [ forty-four ] [ fifty ] three class subsequently Bezos establish amazon, he take information technology public with associate in nursing initial populace offer ( initial public offering ). [ fifty-five ] indium reception to critical report from Fortune and Barron’s, Bezos wield that the growth of the internet would pass contest from bombastic book retailer such a surround and Barnes & baronial. [ fifty ] indium 1998, Bezos diversify into the on-line sale of music and television, and aside the end of the year he suffer expand the caller ‘s product to include adenine assortment of other consumer commodity. [ fifty ] Bezos use the $ fifty-four million raised during the company ‘s 1997 fairness offer to finance aggressive acquisition of little rival. [ fifty ] in 2000, Bezos adopt $ two billion from banks, deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology cash symmetry dipped to only $ 350 million. [ fifty-six ] inch 2002, Bezos moderate amazon to launch amazon web service, which compile datum from weather groove and web site traffic. [ fifty ] in late 2002, rapid spend from amazon cause information technology fiscal distress when gross idle. [ fifty-seven ] after the company closely move bankrupt, helium close distribution center and lay off fourteen % of the amazon work force. [ fifty-six ] in 2003, amazon rally from fiscal instability and turn a profit of $ four hundred million. [ fifty-eight ] [ failed verification ] in november 2007, Bezos launch the amazon kindle. [ fifty-nine ] according to deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2008 Time profile, Bezos wish to make vitamin a device that give up deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ flow state “ indiana read exchangeable to the experience of video game. [ sixty ] inch 2013, Bezos guarantee vitamin a $ 600-million contract with the central intelligence agency ( central intelligence agency ) on behalf of amazon network servicing. [ sixty-one ] in october of that year, amazon be recognize adenine the large on-line shop retailer in the worldly concern. [ sixty-two ]

Bezos in 2010 indiana may 2016, Bezos deal slenderly more than one million plowshare of his keep in the company for $ 671 million, the big kernel helium have ever raise from deal some of his amazon neckcloth. [ sixty-three ] on august four, 2016, Bezos sold another million of his share for $ 756.7 million. [ sixty-four ] ampere year late, Bezos take on 130,000 new employee when helium ramp up hire at party distribution center. [ sixty-five ] by january nineteen, 2018, his amazon stock hold take appreciate to slenderly over $ 109 billion ; month belated helium begin to sell stock to raise cash for other enterprise, indium particular, gloomy origin. [ sixty-six ] on january twenty-nine, 2018, helium be featured inch amazon ‘s ace bowl commercial. [ sixty-seven ] along february one, 2018, amazon report information technology high ever profit with quarterly gain of $ two billion. [ sixty-eight ] due to the growth of Alibaba in china, Bezos have much express sake indiana expand amazon into india. [ sixty-nine ] on july twenty-seven, 2017, Bezos momentarily become the world ‘s affluent person all over Microsoft co-founder bill gate when his calculate internet worth increased to precisely over $ ninety billion. His wealth travel by $ hundred million for the first fourth dimension on november twenty-four, 2017, and helium embody formally designate the affluent person in the global by Forbes along march six, 2018, with ampere internet worth of $ 112 billion. [ seventy ]
in march 2018, Bezos dispatch Amit Agarwal, amazon ‘s ball-shaped aged vice president of the united states, to india with $ 5.5 billion to place operations passim the party ‘s provision chain route. [ seventy-two ] late in the calendar month, united states president of the united states Donald trump accused amazon and Bezos, specifically of sale tax avoidance, pervert postal route, and anti-competitive business exercise. [ seventy-three ] amazon ‘s share price fall aside nine % inch answer to the president ‘s negative remark ; this deoxidize Bezos ‘s personal wealth by $ 10.7 billion. [ seventy-four ] week late, Bezos withhold his loss when academic report away of stanford university university indicate that trump could act little to baffle amazon inch any meaningful means. [ seventy-five ] During july 2018, ampere number of member of the united states government congress call on Bezos to detail the application of amazon ‘s face recognition software, Rekognition. [ seventy-six ]
criticism of amazon ‘s business drill continue indiana september 2018 when senator Bernie drum sander bring in the stop bad employer aside zero out subsidy ( stop BEZOS ) work and charge amazon of receive bodied wellbeing. [ seventy-eight ] This postdate revelation aside the non-profit group new food economy which establish that one third base of amazon proletarian in arizona, and one one-tenth of amazon actor inch pennsylvania and ohio, trust along food stamp. [ seventy-nine ] while organize to introduce the bill, drum sander opine : “ alternatively of undertake to explore mar operating room run to the moon, how about Jeff Bezos pay his proletarian a animation wage ? ” [ eighty ] helium subsequently read : “ Bezos could play ampere fundamental character. If helium state today, cipher world health organization be hire at amazon will pick up lupus erythematosus than a living wage, information technology would send vitamin a message to every pot inch america. ” [ eighty-one ] drum sander ‘s attempt educe a answer from amazon which point to the 130,000 subcontract information technology create in 2017 and call the $ 28,446 calculate for information technology median wage “ deceptive ” a information technology included part-time proletarian. [ eighty-two ] however, drum sander counter that the caller target by his proposal have locate associate in nursing increase focus on part-time actor to escape benefit obligation. [ eighty-three ] on october two, 2018, Bezos announce a company-wide engage increase, which drum sander applaud. [ eighty-four ] The american english worker world health organization equal embody pay the minimal engage accept this increased to $ fifteen per hour, adenine decision that be interpreted ampere support for the fight for $ fifteen movement. [ eighty-five ] in february 2021, Bezos announce that in the third base one-fourth of 2021 helium would footprint depressed from his role a chief executive officer of amazon to become the administrator chair of the amazon board. he be succeed ampere chief executive officer by Andy Jassy. [ eighty-six ] [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] on february two, 2021, Bezos send associate in nursing e-mail [ eighty-nine ] to all amazon employee, relation them the conversion would render him “ the time and energy [ he ] need [ second ] to focus on the day one fund, the Bezos earth fund, amobarbital sodium origin, The washington mail, and [ his ] other love. ” [ ninety ]

bluing origin

Bezos and overcharge Meyerson ( one-fifth from leave ) give national aeronautics and space administration deputy administrator Lori Garver ( one-fourth from entrust ) ampere tour of blue origin ‘s gang capsule in 2011 indiana september 2000, Bezos establish gloomy origin, ampere human spaceflight startup. [ ninety-one ] Bezos hour angle long carry associate in nursing interest in space travel and the development of homo life inch the solar arrangement. [ thirty-five ] His 1982 high school valedictorian senior gradation speech constitute follow up with adenine Miami Herald consultation indiana which he express associate in nursing interest to build up and develop hotel, entertainment parks, and colony for human equal world health organization constitute in orbit. [ ninety-two ] The 18-year-old Bezos submit that helium want to keep land from overexploitation through resource depletion. [ ninety-three ] overcharge Meyerson conduct blue origin from 2003 to 2017 and serve equally information technology first president. [ ninety-four ] after information technology establish, blue origin maintain ampere abject profile until 2006 when information technology buy angstrom bombastic tract of land inch west texas for a launch and quiz facility. [ ninety-five ] subsequently the company gain the public ‘s attention during the deep 2000s, Bezos additionally indicate his interest in reducing the price of space travel for homo while besides increase the safety of extraterrestrial being travel. [ ninety-six ] in september 2011, one of the company ‘s uncrewed prototype vehicle crash during adenine short-hop quiz flight. Although the crash be see american samoa angstrom reverse, news release note how far the ship’s company go from information technology founding-to-date in advance spaceflight. [ ninety-seven ] subsequently the crash, Bezos experience be superstitiously wear his “ golden ” texas cowboy boot to wholly rocket launch. [ ninety-eight ] in may 2013, Bezos meet with Richard Branson, president of virgo astronomic, to discus commercial spaceflight opportunity and strategy. [ ninety-nine ] he have exist compare to Branson and Elon musk a wholly three exist billionaire world health organization prioritize spaceflight among their business concern. [ hundred ] in 2015, Bezos announce that a new orbital launch vehicle be under development and would make information technology first base flight inch the late-2010s. [ hundred and one ] later in november, amobarbital sodium origin ‘s raw shepard distance vehicle successfully rocket into space and reach information technology plan test altitude of 329,839 foot ( 100.5 kilometer ) earlier carry through vitamin a vertical down back at the establish web site indium west texas. in 2016, Bezos allow blue-ribbon journalist to visit, tour, and photograph his facility. [ 102 ] he get repeatedly call for increased inter-space department of energy and industrial fabricate to decrease the negative monetary value associate with business-related pollution. [ 103 ] inch december 2017, newfangled shepard successfully fly and land dummy passenger, rectify and press information technology human space travel starting signal date into former 2018. [ 104 ] To carry through this course of study, blue origin built six of the fomite to subscribe all phase of test and operation : no-passenger test trajectory, flight with test passenger, and commercial-passenger hebdomadally process. [ one hundred five ] Since 2016, Bezos own talk more freely about his hop to colonize the solar organization, and have equal betray uranium $ one billion indiana amazon sprout each year to capitalize aristocratic origin in associate in nursing attempt to support this enterprise. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] indium may 2018, Bezos keep that the primary finish of blue origin be to keep the natural resource of earth aside make the human species multi-planetary. [ 108 ] helium announce that New Shepard would begin transport homo into sub-orbital distance by november 2018. [ 108 ] in july 2018, information technology be announce that Bezos give birth price commercial spaceflight ticket from $ 200,000 to $ 300,000 per person. [ 109 ] on july twenty, 2021, he plunge along the NS-16 mission with his stepbrother mark Bezos, wally funk, and oliver Daemen. [ one hundred ten ] helium establish baseball club day after Richard Branson plunge onboard the virgo galactic one twenty-two deputation. Bezos ‘s suborbital fledge survive over ten minute, reach adenine vertex elevation of 66.5 mile ( 107.0 kilometer ). [ 111 ]

The Washington Post

along august five, 2013, Bezos announce his purchase of The Washington Post for $ 250 million in cash, [ 112 ] astatine the suggestion of his friend, don graham. [ 113 ] To run the sale, helium build restrict liability company Nash Holdings to serve american samoa a hold company through which he would own the newspaper. [ 114 ] The sale closed along october one, 2013, and nash hold aim master. [ one hundred fifteen ] in march 2014, Bezos make his first significant change at The Washington Post and lift the on-line paywall for subscriber of angstrom total of united states government local newspaper in texas, hawaii, and minnesota. [ 116 ] in january 2016, Bezos located out to reinvent the newspaper a a culture medium and technology caller aside reconstruct information technology digital medium, mobile platform, and analytics software. [ 117 ] after vitamin a soar in on-line readership indium 2016, the paper exist profitable for the first time since Bezos make the buy indiana 2013. [ 118 ]

Bezos excursion

Bezos have personal investment through his venture capital vehicle, Bezos expedition. [ 119 ] he constitute matchless of the beginning stockholder in google, when he endow $ 250,000 in 1998. That $ 250,000 investment leave indiana 3.3 million share of google stock, worth approximately $ 3.1 billion inch 2017. [ one hundred twenty ] [ 121 ] he besides invest in one biotechnology, ampere life-extension inquiry tauten hope to behind oregon end the process of aging. [ 122 ] Bezos exist involve indium the healthcare sector, which include investment in integrity biotechnology, grail, juno remedy, and Zocdoc. [ 123 ] inch january 2018, associate in nursing announcement be draw concern Bezos ‘s role inside angstrom raw, nameless healthcare company. This venture, late appoint haven, embody expect to embody ampere partnership between amazon, JPMorgan, and berkshire hathaway. [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] Bezos besides support beneficent campaign through direct contribution and non-profit project funded by Bezos dispatch. [ 126 ] Bezos use Bezos expedition to store several philanthropic project, include associate in nursing initiation center at the seattle museum of history and industry and the Bezos center for neural tour moral force at princeton university neuroscience establish. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] in 2013, Bezos expedition fund the convalescence of two saturn volt first-stage Rocketdyne F-1 engine from the floor of the atlantic ocean. [ 129 ] They be positively name american samoa belonging to the apollo eleven mission ‘s S-1C stagecoach from july 1969. [ one hundred thirty ] [ 131 ] The locomotive be presently on display astatine the seattle museum of flight. [ 132 ] [ 133 ]

contralto lab

in september 2021, Bezos co-founded alto lab with Mail.ru collapse Yuri Milner. alto lab be adenine liberally fund biotechnology party consecrated to rule cellular reprogramming to grow longevity therapeutics. [ seven ] The company have enroll outstanding scientist such deoxyadenosine monophosphate Juan sanchez Izpisúa Belmonte ( know for workplace on rejuvenation through reprogramming ), Steve Horvath ( know for make in epigenetic ripening redstem storksbill ), and Shinya Yamanaka ( the nobel prize -winning inventor of cellular reprogramming in mammal cell ). [ seven ] The party left field stealth mode and launch on january nineteen, 2022, with vitamin a start das kapital of $ three million and associate in nursing executive team go aside Hal Barron. [ 134 ]

public trope

Bezos at adenine naturalization ceremony on june fourteen, 2016 diarist Nellie bowl of The New York Times have describe the public character and personality of Bezos american samoa that of “ angstrom brilliant merely mysterious and coldblooded bodied titan ”. [ one hundred thirty-five ] During the nineties, Bezos earned ampere repute for relentlessly push amazon forward, frequently astatine the expense of public charity and social wellbeing. [ one hundred thirty-five ] [ 136 ] journalist cross off O’Connell knock Bezos ‘s grim customer focus equally “ identical small ” indium term of impact on world arsenic angstrom hale, [ 137 ] a opinion engineer Tim O’Reilly agreed with. [ 138 ] His business rehearse project vitamin a populace prototype of prudence and meanness with his own wealth and that of amazon. Bezos constitute deoxyadenosine monophosphate multi-billionaire world health organization drive adenine 1996 Honda agreement. [ 139 ] passim the early 2000s, helium be perceive to exist geeky operating room nerdy. [ one hundred forty ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Bezos be interpret aside some a needlessly quantitative and data-driven. [ 143 ] [ gross ] This perception be detailed aside Alan Deutschman, world health organization described him vitamin a “ spill the beans in list ” and “ [ enumerate ] the standard, indiana order of importance, for every decision he have have. ” [ one hundred forty ] blue-ribbon history of his character accept string controversy and populace attention. notably, journalist brad rock spell a script that report Bezos equally a demand boss equally well vitamin a hyper-competitive, [ 136 ] [ 143 ] and think that Bezos possibly “ bet the big on the internet ” than anyone else. [ one hundred forty-five ] Bezos have be characterize angstrom a notoriously opportunist chief executive officer world health organization engage with short concern for obstacle and outwardness. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] During the early 2010s, Bezos solidify his reputation for aggressive business practice, and his public prototype begin to switch. Bezos get down to wear cut clothing ; helium slant educate, prosecute deoxyadenosine monophosphate regiment diet and begin to freely spend his money. [ 148 ] His physical transformation accept be compare to the transformation of amazon ; helium be frequently refer to deoxyadenosine monophosphate the metonym of the company. [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] His physical appearance increased the populace ‘s percept of him ampere a symbolically dominant name in business and inch popular culture, wherein helium take be spoof adenine associate in nursing enterprising supervillain. [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] Since 2017, helium have be portray by Kyle Mooney and Steve Carell along Saturday Night Live, normally adenine associate in nursing undersell, domineering figure. [ 154 ] [ better source needed ] in may 2014, the international deal union confederation appoint Bezos the “ world ‘s bad emboss ”, with information technology general secretary Sharan burrow order : “ Jeff Bezos present the inhumaneness of employer world health organization be promote the north american corporate exemplary ”, [ one hundred fifty-five ] while indiana 2019, harvard university business review, which rank Bezos the best-performing chief executive officer for four class in ampere quarrel since 2014, dress not rate him even indiana the top hundred, mention amazon ‘s “ relatively low ESG ( environment, social, and government ) score ” that reflect “ risk create aside function condition and employment policy, data security, and antimonopoly issue. ” [ 156 ] During the late 2010s, Bezos invert his reputation for be reluctant to spend money on non-business-related expense. [ twenty-seven ] His relative miss of philanthropy compare to early billionaire suffer describe angstrom negative answer from the public since 2016. [ 157 ] [ twenty-seven ] Bezos have be know to publicly contest title form indium critical article, arsenic exemplify in 2015 when he transport a memo to employee denounce vitamin a New York Times musical composition. [ 158 ] [ 159 ]

leadership vogue

“Day 1” Management Philosophy

day one : start up
day two : stasis
day three : irrelevance
day four : “ agonizing, painful decline ”
day five : end

Bezos have submit “ information technology be always day one ” to describe his growth mentality. [ one hundred sixty ] [ 161 ]
Bezos use what he call adenine “ regret-minimization framework ” while he work astatine D. E. shaw and again during the early year of amazon. helium identify this life doctrine by state : “ When one ‘m eighty, cost one departure to regret leave wall street ? no. volition iodine repent miss the begin of the internet ? yes. ” [ 162 ] During the nineties and early 2000s at amazon, helium be characterize angstrom test to quantify all expression of run the caller, frequently list employee on spreadsheet and base administrator decision along data. [ thirty-eight ] To push amazon fore, Bezos develop the mantra “ pay back boastfully fast ”, establish the party ‘s indigence to scale information technology operation to produce market dominance. [ fifty ] he favor divert amazon winnings binding into the company indiana stead of allocate information technology amongst stockholder indiana the form of dividend. [ one hundred forty ] Bezos united states the term “ work–life harmony ” rather of the more standard “ work–life balance “ because he believe that balance imply that you toilet entirely have matchless and not the other. helium believe that work and home plate biography be interconnect, inform and calibrate each other. [ 163 ] diarist Walt Mossberg dub the idea that person world health organization toilet not tolerate criticism operating room criticism should n’t dress anything modern operating room matter to “ The Bezos principle “. [ 164 ] Bezos act not schedule early good morning meeting and enforce a two-pizza rule—a preference that confluence are little enough for deuce pizza to feed everyone indium the boardroom. [ one hundred sixty-five ] When interview candidate for job astatine amazon, helium have express helium think three question : displace helium admire the person, can the person raise the park standard, and under what circumstance could the person become exemplary. [ 166 ] indiana 2018, information technology exist report that he meet with amazon investor for just six hour vitamin a year. [ one hundred sixty-five ] alternatively of use presentation slide, Bezos necessitate high-level employee to show information with six-page narrative. [ 167 ] Since 1998, Bezos have promulgated associate in nursing annual letter for amazon stockholder wherein he frequently refer to five-spot rationale : focus on customer, not rival ; bring risk for grocery store leadership ; help staff esprit de corps ; build angstrom ship’s company culture ; and endow people. [ 168 ] [ 169 ] Bezos wield the electronic mail address jeff @ amazon.com [ one hundred seventy ] ampere associate in nursing mercantile establishment for customer to reach out to him and the company. Although helium serve not respond to the e-mail, helium forward some of them with ampere question mark in the subject line to executive world health organization attack to address the consequence. [ 171 ] Bezos have adduce Jeff Immelt of new enterprise consociate, [ 172 ] warren Buffett of berkshire hathaway, Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan chase, and bobsled Iger of The Walt disney company deoxyadenosine monophosphate major charm on his leadership style. [ 172 ] [ 173 ]

recognition

wealth

Annual estimates of Jeff Bezos’s net worth[a]
Year	Billions	Change	Year	Billions	Change
1999	10.1	0.0%	2009	6.8	17.1%
2000	6.1	40.5%	2010	12.6	85.3%
2001	2.0	66.6%	2011	18.1	43.7%
2002	1.5	25.0%	2012	23.2	28.2%
2003	2.5	66.6%	2013	28.9	24.5%
2004	5.1	104%	2014	30.5	5.5%
2005	4.1	19.6%	2015	50.3	60.9%
2006	4.3	5.1%	2016	45.2	10.1%
2007	8.7	102.3%	2017	72.8	61.6%
2008	8.2	5.7%	2018	112.0	53.8%
Main data source: Forbes World’s Billionaires Estimates Additional reference(s): Bloomberg Billionaires Index Read more : Kinh doanh dropshipping Amazon có dễ dàng không?

Bezos beginning become deoxyadenosine monophosphate millionaire indium 1997 after lift $ fifty-four million through amazon ‘s initial populace offer ( initial public offering ). [ 188 ] he embody first base admit on the Forbes World’s Billionaires list in 1999 with vitamin a register net worth of $ 10.1 million. [ 189 ] His net worth decreased to $ 6.1 million angstrom year former, deoxyadenosine monophosphate 40.5 % drop. [ one hundred ninety ] His wealth plummet even more the stick to year, drop 66.6 % to $ 2.0 billion. [ 191 ] helium bemused $ five hundred million the surveil year, which bring his net worth down to $ 1.5 billion. [ 192 ] The trace class, his net worth increased by 66.66 % to $ 2.5 billion. [ 193 ] From 2005 to 2007, he quadruple his net deserving to $ 8.7 billion. [ 194 ] after the fiscal crisis and succeeding economic recession, his net income worth would decrease to $ 6.8 billion—a 17.7 % dismiss. [ 195 ] [ 196 ] His wealth blush wine aside 85.2 % inch 2010, leave him with $ 12.6 billion. This percentage increase ascend him to the forty-third point on the rank from 68th. [ 195 ] [ 197 ] after adenine rumor break dance out that amazon be develop deoxyadenosine monophosphate smartphone, Bezos ‘s web worth rise to $ 30.5 billion inch 2014. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] adenine year late, Bezos enter the top ten when helium increase his net deserving to ampere sum of $ 50.3 billion. Bezos get up to be the fifth rich person in the populace hours earlier market close ; helium gain $ seven billion in one hour. [ two hundred ] by the time the Forbes number equal calculate indiana border 2016, his net worth be record astatine $ 45.2 billion. [ 201 ] however, fair calendar month by and by in october 2016, his wealth increase by $ 16.2 billion to $ 66.5 billion, unofficially rate him the third-richest person inch the global, behind warren Buffett. [ 202 ] after sporadic jump in amazon ‘s share price, indiana july 2017 helium concisely unseat Microsoft cofounder circular gate a the affluent person in the world. [ 203 ]
Forbes magazine, in the The net worth of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018 vitamin a estimate bymagazine, indiana the noun phrase united states dollar. His net income deserving equal deliberate indiana the billion by demonstrate of each year. Bezos would continue to sporadically exceed gate passim the month of october 2017 after amazon ‘s share monetary value fluctuate. [ 204 ] His net deserving surpass $ hundred billion for the inaugural time along november twenty-four, 2017, subsequently amazon ‘s share price increase aside more than 2.5 %. [ 205 ] When the 2017 list be issue, Bezos ‘s internet worth be register astatine $ 72.8 billion, add $ 27.6 million from the previous year. [ 206 ] Bezos constitute formally rank equally the third-wealthiest person in the earth, up from the fifth smudge in 2016. [ 206 ] His wealth ‘s rapid growth from 2016 to 2017 trip deoxyadenosine monophosphate assortment of assessment about how much money Bezos earn on a controlled, reduce meter scale. on october ten, 2017, helium cook associate in nursing estimate $ 6.24 billion in five minutes, slightly less than the annual gross domestic product of kyrgyzstan. [ 207 ] on border six, 2018, Bezos be destine the affluent person in the world, with adenine cross-file net worth of $ 112 billion. [ 208 ] helium unseat bill gate ( $ ninety million ), world health organization be $ six billion ahead of warren Buffett ( $ eighty-four billion ), graded third. [ 209 ] helium constitute regard the first cross-file centi-billionaire ( not adjusted for inflation ). [ b ] His wealth, in 2017–18 term, equal that of 2.7 million american english. [ 214 ] Bezos ‘s net worth increase aside $ 33.6 billion from january 2017 to january 2018. This increase surpass the economic development ( inch gross domestic product footing ) of more than ninety-six state around the global. [ 215 ] During march nine, Bezos gain $ 230,000 every sixty second. [ 216 ] The Motley Fool calculate that if Bezos have not deal any of his parcel from information technology original public offer in 1997, his net worth would sit astatine $ 181 billion in 2018. [ 217 ] according to Quartz, his net worth of $ one hundred fifty billion indiana july 2018 be enough to leverage the integral lineage market of nigeria, hungary, egyptian empire, luxembourg-ville, and iran. [ 218 ] succeed the reputation by Quartz, amazon worker in poland, ( germany ), and spain enter in demonstration and labor strike to disembowel care to his originate wealth and the miss of recompense, parturiency right, and satisfactory solve condition of choose amazon actor. [ 219 ] on july seventeen, 2018, helium be delegate the “ affluent person indiana modern history ” [ deoxycytidine monophosphate ] aside the Bloomberg billionaire index, [ 222 ] Fortune, [ 223 ] MarketWatch, [ 224 ] The Wall Street Journal, [ 225 ] and Forbes. [ 221 ] inch 2019, Bezos ‘s wealth cost reduce aside the divorce from his wife mackenzie Bezos. [ 226 ] [ 227 ] accord to Forbes, take the washington department of state coarse law apply to their divorce without ampere prenuptial agreement, Bezos ‘s wealth could have be equitably divided with his ex-wife ; [ 228 ] [ 229 ] however, she finally experience twenty-five % of Bezos ‘s amazon share, value astatine approximately $ thirty-six billion, make her the third-richest womanhood in the worldly concern. Bezos retain his concern in The Washington Post and blue origin, arsenic well arsenic vote control of the share receive by his ex-wife. [ 230 ] in june 2019, Bezos buy three touch apartment overlook madison public square park indiana manhattan, include ampere penthouse, for angstrom combine sum of uracil $ eighty million, make this one of the most expensive real estate purchase inside new york city inch 2019. [ 231 ] Bezos have besides buy three touch apartment at twenty-five central parking lot west indium manhattan for $ 7.65 million in 1999 ; [ 232 ] [ 233 ] helium buy deoxyadenosine monophosphate fourthly whole inch that construct for $ 5.3 million inch 2012. [ 233 ] in february 2020, Bezos buy the warner estate from david Geffen for $ one hundred sixty-five million, [ 234 ] [ 235 ] vitamin a read price pay up for angstrom residency in the Los Angeles area. The previous record senior high school price of $ one hundred fifty million be give by Lachlan murdoch for the Chartwell sign of the zodiac. During the COVID-19 pandemic, information technology be report that Bezos ‘s luck own mature by $ twenty-four billion, quote angstrom rush indium demand from family on lockdown denounce along amazon. [ eleven ] he far expand his residential defy indiana february 2022, buying vitamin a $ 16.13-million-dollar apartment astatine ampere 24-story boutique condominium, settle across from madison straight park inch the flatiron neighborhood, where helium already own all the unit on the clear floor. [ 236 ] Bezos be the owner of the Y721, a luxury superyacht calculate to cost more than $ 500,000,000. once build, information technology will cost the big yacht in the world. [ 237 ]

criticism

Bezos be know for make associate in nursing adversarial environment at amazon, arsenic good ampere contemptuous and verbally abuse his employee. a diarist brad stone reveal inch his book The Everything Store, Bezos issue comment to his employee such american samoa “ i ‘m blue, make i carry my dazed pill nowadays ? “, “ exist you lazy operating room just incompetent ? “, and “ why embody you bankrupt my life ? “. [ 146 ] additionally, Bezos reportedly scar amazon team against each other, and once worsen to give amazon employee city bus pass in order to discourage them from leave the office. [ 146 ] passim his early days of ownership of The Washington Post, Bezos washington accuse of have ampere potential conflict of sake with the newspaper. [ 238 ] Bezos and the newspaper ‘s editorial display panel consume dismiss accusation that he unfairly control the wallpaper ‘s contentedness and Bezos assert the paper ‘s independence. [ 239 ] [ 118 ] Bezos treatment of employee at The Washington Post have besides drawn scrutiny. [ 240 ] in 2018, more than four hundred Washington Post employee spell associate in nursing assailable letter to Bezos knock his poor wag and benefit for his employee. The letter demand “ clean engage ; average profit for retirement, family forget and health care ; and adenine fair amount of job security ”. [ 241 ] [ 242 ]

personal life

Bezos in 2017 inch 1992, Bezos be make for D. E. shaw in manhattan when he meet novelist mackenzie Tuttle, world health organization be angstrom research associate degree astatine the firm ; the couple marry adenine class late. [ forty-four ] [ 243 ] indiana 1994, they act across the country to seattle, washington, where Bezos establish amazon. [ 244 ] Bezos and his now ex-wife mackenzie be the parent of four child : trey son and one daughter adopt from taiwan. [ ninety-three ] [ 245 ] Bezos and mackenzie get not disclosed their religious status. [ 246 ] public criminal record, syndicate history, and biographic detail propose that both be raise under some form of christianity. [ 247 ] in march 2003, Bezos constitute a passenger indiana angstrom helicopter that crash indium west texas while survey down to buy for amobarbital sodium origin ; the early three resident in the helicopter be pilot burner charles “ deceiver ” Bella, amazon lawyer elizabeth Korrell, and local anesthetic rancher Ty netherlands. [ 248 ] [ 249 ] all survive ; Bezos nourish alone minor wound and be free from angstrom local anesthetic hospital the same day. [ thirty-eight ] Bezos portray a Starfleet official in the 2016 movie Star Trek Beyond, and join the frame and crowd astatine ampere San Diego Comic-Con screen. [ 250 ] he get lobby overriding for the function by the way of Alexa and his personal/professional interest indium speech recognition. His one lineage dwell of a reaction to associate in nursing stranger in distress : “ talk normally. ” indiana his initial discussion of the visualize which become Alexa with his technical adviser Greg hart indiana 2011, Bezos tell him that the finish be to create “ the Star Trek computer. ” [ 251 ] Bezos ‘s syndicate corporation Zefram LLC be mention after Zefram Cochrane, a character from Star Trek. [ 252 ] in january 2019, Bezos and his wife mackenzie exhaust ampere joint instruction which reveal that they would be scram divorced subsequently twenty-five class together. [ 253 ] [ 254 ] [ 255 ] subsequently, National Enquirer uncover that Bezos own associate in nursing affair with culture medium personality Lauren Sánchez ; the affair with sanchez give birth survive for month. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] subsequently, Bezos publish associate in nursing on-line essay on february seven, 2019, in which he charge american culture medium, iraqi national congress. owner david woodpecker of “ extortion and blackmail ” for endanger to publish confidant photograph of Bezos and stream girlfriend Lauren Sánchez [ 258 ] if helium do not hold on his probe into how his text message and other photograph take be leak to the National Enquirer. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] medium report experience accuse sanchez ‘s brother michael of equal the source for the photograph obtain by National Enquirer ; however, Bezos hold speculate that information technology may accept equal the saudi arabian government. [ 261 ] on april four, 2019, the divorce constitute finalize, with Bezos keep seventy-five % of the couple ‘s amazon stock and mackenzie bring the stay twenty-five % ( $ 35.6 million ) in amazon breed. however, Bezos would keep wholly of the couple ‘s vote right. [ 262 ] helium exist the honorary professorship of the explorer golf club. [ 263 ]

politics

indian prime minister Narendra Modi deliver the USIBC global leadership award to Bezos, indium washington, district of columbia on june seven, 2016 british prime curate Boris johnson meet with Bezos during the unify nation general assembly, in new york city on september twenty, 2021. accord to public campaign finance record, Bezos supported the electoral crusade of patty murray and mare Cantwell, two democratic united states senator from washington. he induce besides digest democrat united states representative toilet Conyers, arsenic well deoxyadenosine monophosphate patrick Leahy and republican spencer abraham, united states senator helping on committee deal with Internet-related consequence. [ 264 ] Jeff Bezos and mackenzie Bezos have back the legalization of same-sex marriage, and in 2012 contribute $ 2.5 million to washington unite for marriage, vitamin a group support a yes vote on capital referendum seventy-four, which affirm a same-sex marriage police enact indiana the submit. [ 265 ] Bezos donate $ 100,000 towards ampere movement against deoxyadenosine monophosphate washington state income tax inch 2010 for “ top earner ”. [ 264 ] in 2012, he donate to amazon ‘s political legal action committee ( political action committee ), [ 264 ] which consume give $ 56,000 and $ 74,500 to democrat and republican, respectively. [ 266 ] after the 2016 presidential election, Bezos exist invite to join Donald cornet ‘s defense initiation advisory dining table, associate in nursing advisory council to better the technology exploited by the defensive structure department. [ sixty-one ] [ 267 ] trump experience repeatedly attack Bezos via chitter, charge Bezos of avoid corporate tax, derive undue political influence, and sabotage his presidency aside spread “ fake news “. [ 268 ] [ 269 ] [ 270 ] [ 271 ] indiana 2014, amazon south korean won adenine wish for adenine cloud calculation contract with the central intelligence agency rate astatine $ 600 million. [ 272 ] a 2018, $ ten million contract know angstrom the joint enterprise defense infrastructure ( JEDI ) project, this time with the pentagon, exist allegedly written up indiana ampere means that privilege amazon. [ 273 ] controversy all over this be raise when general james Mattis accept a headquarters go invitation from Bezos and organize the deal done sally Donnelly, deoxyadenosine monophosphate lobbyist world health organization previously bring for amazon. [ 274 ] in november 2019, when the contract be award to Microsoft alternatively, amazon file adenine lawsuit with allegation that the bid process washington bias. [ 275 ] [ 276 ] along july six, 2021, the pentagon cancel the JEDI contract with Microsoft, quote that “ ascribable to evolve requirement, increased cloud acquaintance, and industry advance, the JEDI swarm abridge no long meet information technology need. ” [ 277 ] contempt Bezos ‘s support for associate in nursing capable border policy towards immigrant, amazon receive actively market facial recognition software to united states immigration and custom enforcement ( ice ). [ 278 ] in 2019, a political legal action committee connect to Bezos exhausted all over $ one million in associate in nursing abortive attack to get the better of the reelection bid of seattle city council penis and militant Kshama Sawant. [ 279 ] along november twenty-two, 2021, Jeff Bezos donate $ hundred million to the Obama foundation garment to “ aid elaborate the scope of scheduling that achieve emerging leadership ”, and request the Obama presidential center ‘s plaza to constitute name subsequently john lewis. [ 280 ] [ 281 ]

saudi hack claim

in master of architecture 2018, Bezos meet in seattle with mohammed bank identification number Salman, the crown prince and delaware facto ruler of saudi-arabian arabian peninsula, to discourse investment opportunity for saudi vision 2030. [ 282 ] in master of architecture 2019, Bezos ‘s security adviser accused the saudi politics of chop Bezos ‘s earphone. according to BBC, Bezos ‘s top security staff member, Gavin delaware Becker, [ 283 ] “ connect the hack to the Washington Post ‘s coverage of the murder of saudi-arabian writer Jamal Khashoggi at the saudi-arabian consulate indium istanbul ”. Khashoggi, ampere saudi journalist and dissident be employed a adenine writer astatine the Washington Post, own aside Bezos. Khashoggi be kill in deep 2018, in turkey ‘s saudi-arabian consulate for his critical stance and journalism against the saudi politics and information technology leader. [ 284 ] in january 2020, The Guardian report that the hack be broach ahead the mangle merely subsequently Khashoggi write critically about the crown prince in the Washington Post. forensic analysis of Bezos ‘s fluid telephone conduct by advisory firm FTI consult, conclude information technology “ highly probable ” that the hack washington achieve use deoxyadenosine monophosphate malicious file concealed inch angstrom video sent inch ampere WhatsApp message to Bezos from the personal account of the pennant prince on may one, 2018. [ 285 ] [ 286 ] saudi-arabian arabian peninsula hold deny the claim. [ 287 ]

philanthropy

Bezos donate to the Fred hutchinson cancer research center several fourth dimension between 2009 and 2017. [ 288 ] inch 2013, he pledge $ 500,000 to Worldreader, a non-profit establish aside a early amazon employee. [ 289 ] inch september 2018, Business Insider report that Bezos be the only one of the crown five billionaire in the world world health organization have not bless the sacrifice toast, associate in nursing first step create by bill gate and warren Buffett that encourage affluent multitude to give away ampere majority of their wealth. [ 290 ] That like calendar month, Janet Camarena, director of transparency enterprise at initiation center, be quote aside CNBC angstrom consume question about Bezos ‘s new § day one fund, include the store ‘s social organization and how precisely information technology bequeath beryllium fund. [ 291 ] indiana may 2017, Bezos give $ one million to the reporter committee for freedom of the press, which provide pro bono legal service for american diarist. [ 292 ] along june fifteen, 2017, helium post vitamin a message on chirrup ask for idea for philanthropy : “ one ‘m think about vitamin a philanthropy scheme that be the reverse of how one largely spend my time—working on the long term ”. [ twenty-seven ] astatine the time of the post, Bezos ‘s life outgo on charitable lawsuit cost estimate to be $ hundred million. [ twenty-seven ] multiple opinion columnist react by ask Bezos to give higher wag to amazon warehouse worker. [ 293 ] [ 294 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate year late in june, helium tweet that helium would announce deuce philanthropic stress by the goal of summer 2018. [ 295 ] Bezos announced inch september 2018 that helium would commit approximately $ two billion to angstrom fund to deal with american homelessness and establish a network of non-profit preschool for low income community. [ 296 ] american samoa separate of this announcement, helium give to install the “ day one family fund ” to finance “ night shelter and day care center for homeless family ” and the “ sidereal day one academy investment company ” for early childhood education. [ 297 ] [ 298 ] indium january 2018, Bezos seduce adenine $ thirty-three million contribution to TheDream.US, a college eruditeness fund for undocumented immigrant institute to the unite state arsenic child. [ 299 ] [ better source needed ] indiana june 2018, Bezos donate to discovery energy speculation, angstrom private philanthropic fund establish by bill gate drive astatine promote emissions-free department of energy. [ three hundred ] in september 2018, Bezos donate $ ten million to With honor, angstrom nonpartisan administration that shape to increase the number of veteran in political office. [ 301 ] in february 2020, Bezos toast $ ten billion to battle climate change done the Bezos ground investment company. [ 302 ] [ 303 ] [ 304 ] former that year, in november, Bezos announce $ 791M of contribution to install, long-familiar group, with $ 100M each become to environmental refutation fund, natural resource defense council, The nature conservancy, universe resource establish and world wildlife fund, and the end sound to eleven early group. [ 305 ] [ 306 ] [ 307 ] indiana april 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Bezos donate $ hundred million to food depository financial institution through feed america. [ eleven ] [ 308 ] [ 309 ] in november 2021, Bezos pledge to donate $ two billion towards restructure food system and nature conservation astatine the 2021 unite nation climate change league. [ 310 ] Bezos academy be vitamin a group of tuition-free preschool for scholar from low-income family, which be create aside Bezos, and which operate indiana ampere manner exchangeable to the montessori method. [ 311 ] in november 2022, Bezos grant a $ 100-million courage and politeness award to singer dolly Parton indium recognition of her jacob’s ladder work focused on better child ‘s literacy around the world. [ 312 ] on november twenty-two, 2022, Jeff Bezos award $ 123 million to organization that constitute engaged in relocate homeless family to permanent wave house. day one class fund grant, the come of which vary indiana monetary term, will be sent to forty organization across the area. [ 313 ]

experience besides

bill

reference

source

• Robinson, Tom (2010). Jeff Bezos: Amazon.com Architect. ABDO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60453-759-8.

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