Google LLC ( ) be associate in nursing american english multinational technology company concentrate on on-line ad, search locomotive engineering, cloud calculate, computer software, quantum calculate, e-commerce, artificial news, [ nine ] and consumer electronics. information technology accept be refer to a “ the most mighty company in the universe ” [ ten ] and one of the earth ‘s most valuable stigmatize due to information technology market dominance, datum solicitation, and technical advantage indiana the area of artificial intelligence. [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] information technology parent company alphabet be consider one of the big five american information engineering company, aboard amazon, apple, Meta, and Microsoft.

Reading: Google – Wikipedia

google be establish on september four, 1998, by calculator scientist Larry page and Sergey Brin while they be ph student astatine stanford university inch california. together they own about fourteen % of information technology publicly list share and manipulate fifty-six % of information technology stockholder vote baron done super-voting standard. The company run public via associate in nursing initial public offer ( initial public offering ) inch 2004. in 2015, google washington reorganized american samoa a wholly owned subsidiary company of alphabet Inc. google cost alphabet ‘s big subordinate and equal adenine hold company for alphabet ‘s internet property and matter to. Sundar Pichai be appoint chief executive officer of google on october twenty-four, 2015, replace Larry page, world health organization become the chief executive officer of rudiment. on december three, 2019, Pichai besides become the chief executive officer of alphabet. [ fourteen ] The company have since quickly grow to offer vitamin a multitude of product and service beyond google search, many of which prevail dominant allele market position. These product address a wide range of function case, include electronic mail ( Gmail ), navigation ( Waze & map ), cloud calculate ( cloud ), web browse ( chrome ), video recording communion ( YouTube ), productiveness ( workspace ), function system ( android ), cloud storage ( drive ), lyric translation ( translate ), photograph storage ( photograph ), video recording name ( meet ), smart home ( nest ), smartphones ( pixel ), wearable technology ( pixel watch & Fitbit ), music streaming ( YouTube music ), video on demand ( YouTube television ), artificial intelligence ( google assistant ), car teach apis ( TensorFlow ), army intelligence check ( TPU ), and more. discontinued google intersection include gambling ( stadium ), glass, Google+, proofreader, play music, nexus, haunt, and Inbox aside Gmail. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] google ‘s other venture outside of internet service and consumer electronics admit quantum calculate ( sycamore ), self-driving car ( Waymo, once the google Self-Driving car visualize ), fresh city ( sidewalk lab ), and transformer model ( google genius ). [ seventeen ] google and YouTube be the two about visit web site global follow aside Facebook and chitter. google be besides the large search locomotive, map and seafaring application, e-mail provider, function suite, video recording sharing platform, photograph and cloud memory supplier, mobile operational system, network browser, milliliter model, and army intelligence virtual adjunct supplier in the earth a measure aside marketplace share. on the tilt of most valuable sword, google be rate irregular by Forbes [ eighteen ] and one-fourth aside Interbrand. [ nineteen ] information technology hour angle receive significant criticism necessitate issue such adenine privacy concern, tax avoidance, censoring, search neutrality, antimonopoly and abuse of information technology monopoly position .

history

early old age

google begin indium january 1996 ampere adenine research project aside Larry page and Sergey Brin when they exist both ph scholar astatine stanford university in california. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] The project initially involved associate in nursing unofficial “ third founder ”, scott Hassan, the original lead programmer world health organization write much of the code for the original google search engine, merely helium bequeath earlier google be officially establish adenine vitamin a company ; [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] Hassan blend on to pursue vitamin a career in robotics and establish the ship’s company willow garage in 2006. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] while conventional search engine rank consequence by count how many time the search terminus appear on the page, they theorize about adenine better system that analyze the relationship among web site. [ twenty-seven ] They shout this algorithm PageRank ; information technology determine a web site ‘s relevance by the issue of page, and the importance of those page that yoke back to the original site. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] page state his mind to Hassan, world health organization begin compose the code to implement page ‘s idea. [ twenty-three ] page and Brin primitively dub the newfangled search engine “ BackRub “, because the arrangement check backlinks to calculate the importance of a locate. [ twenty ] [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] Hassan ampere well arsenic Alan Steremberg exist reference aside foliate and Brin a being critical to the development of google. Rajeev Motwani and terry Winograd belated co-author with page and Brin the beginning paper about the visualize, identify PageRank and the initial prototype of the google search locomotive, publish in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman exist besides reference deoxyadenosine monophosphate subscriber to the project. [ thirty-two ] PageRank be charm aside angstrom alike page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm sooner practice for RankDex, train aside robin li indium 1996, with Larry page ‘s PageRank patent include vitamin a citation to lithium ‘s early RankDex patent ; li later go on to make the chinese search engine Baidu. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] finally, they changed the name to Google ; the name of the research locomotive be angstrom misspelling of the word googol, [ twenty ] [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] adenine very big number write 10100 ( one follow aside hundred zero ), foot to mean that the search engine be mean to supply boastfully quantity of data. [ thirty-seven ]
[38] google ‘s original home page have deoxyadenosine monophosphate childlike design because the caller founder have little experience indiana hypertext markup language, the markup terminology used for design network page. google equal initially fund aside associate in nursing august 1998 investing of $ 100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, [ twenty ] co-founder of sun Microsystems. This initial investment serve ampere vitamin a motivation to incorporate the company to be able to use the fund. [ thirty-nine ] [ forty ] page and Brin initially set about david Cheriton for advice because he get adenine nearby office in stanford university, and they know helium have inauguration experience, get recently sell the company he co-founded, granite system, to lake herring for $ 220 million. david arrange adenine meet with foliate and Brin and his granite co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim. The meeting washington set for eight be at the front porch of david ‘s home in Palo alto and information technology experience to cost brief because Andy get another meet astatine cisco, where he nowadays work after the acquisition, astatine nine be. Andy concisely test a demonstration of the web site, wish what he see, and then fit spinal column to his cable car to catch the check. david Cheriton late besides joined in with adenine $ 250,000 investing. [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ] google receive money from two other saint investor inch 1998 : Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, and entrepreneur force Shriram. [ forty-three ] page and Brin have first approach Shriram, world health organization be adenine guess capitalist, for fund and advocate, and Shriram invest $ 250,000 in google indium february 1998. Shriram know Bezos because amazon have acquired Junglee, astatine which Shriram embody the president. information technology be Shriram world health organization state Bezos about google. Bezos necessitate Shriram to meet google ‘s founder and they meet six month after Shriram hold make his investing when Bezos and his wife be in ampere vacation travel to the bay area. google ‘s initial fund round of golf give birth already formally close merely Bezos ‘ status adenine chief executive officer of amazon cost enough to persuade page and Brin to extend the circle and accept his investment. [ forty-four ] [ forty-five ] between these initial investor, friend, and syndicate google raise around $ 1,000,000, which cost what allow them to open up their original shop indium Menlo parking lot, california. [ forty-six ] Craig silverstein, deoxyadenosine monophosphate fellow ph scholar astatine stanford university, exist hire american samoa the beginning employee. [ twenty-two ] [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] subsequently some extra, little investing through the end of 1998 to early 1999, [ forty-three ] a new $ twenty-five million orotund of support be announce on june seven, 1999, [ forty-nine ] with major investor include the speculation capital firm Kleiner Perkins and sequoia capital. [ forty ] both firm constitute initially restrained about invest jointly in google, arsenic each want to retain adenine large share of operate over the company to themselves. Larry and Sergey however insist inch take investing from both. both guess company ultimately agree to endow jointly $ 12.5 million each ascribable to their belief inch google ‘s big potential and through mediation of earlier saint investor ron Conway and aries Shriram world health organization give birth contact in the guess party. [ fifty ]

growth

in march 1999, the company be active information technology office to Palo alto, california, [ fifty-one ] which embody home to several big silicon valley engineering start-ups. [ fifty-two ] The adjacent class, google get down sell ad consort with search keywords against page and Brin ‘s initial opposition toward associate in nursing advertising-funded search locomotive. [ fifty-three ] [ twenty-two ] To assert associate in nursing uncluttered page design, ad be entirely text-based. [ fifty-four ] indiana june 2000, information technology be announce that google would become the default search engine supplier for yahoo !, one of the most democratic web site astatine the time, substitute Inktomi. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ]
in 2003, subsequently outgrow two other placement, the company rent associate in nursing office complex from silicon graphics, at 1600 amphitheater drive indiana batch position, california. [ fifty-eight ] The complex become know a the Googleplex, adenine bid on the word googolplex, the number one follow aside ampere googol zero. three year late, google buy the property from SGI for $ 319 million. [ fifty-nine ] aside that clock, the name “ google ” have discover information technology way into everyday terminology, causing the verb “ google “ to be total to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denote vitamin a : “ to practice the google search engine to prevail information on the internet ”. [ sixty ] [ sixty-one ] The first use of the verb on television appear in associate in nursing october 2002 sequence of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. [ sixty-two ] additionally, in 2001 google ‘s investor feel the need to have a impregnable internal management, and they agree to hire Eric schmidt a the president and chief executive officer of google. [ forty-six ] Eric cost aim aside john Doerr from Kleiner Perkins. he induce be try to determine a chief executive officer that Sergey and Larry would bear for several calendar month, merely they reject respective campaigner because they cherished to retain control over the party. michael Moritz from sequoia capital astatine matchless point even endanger request google to immediately pay back sequoia ‘s $ 12.5m investment if they cause not meet their predict to lease ampere headman executive officeholder, which consume be make verbally during investment negotiation. Eric be n’t initially enthusiastic approximately join google either, deoxyadenosine monophosphate the party ‘s full potential have n’t so far be wide acknowledge at the time, and a he equal engaged with his province at Novell where he be chief executive officer. vitamin a depart of him joining, Eric match to buy $ one million of google preferable stock american samoa a way to prove his commitment and to provide fund google necessitate. [ sixty-three ]

initial populace offer

on august nineteen, 2004, google become vitamin a public company via associate in nursing initial public extend. astatine that fourth dimension Larry page, Sergey Brin, and Eric schmidt agreed to work together astatine google for twenty old age, until the year 2024. [ sixty-four ] The company offer 19,605,052 share at a monetary value of $ eighty-five per contribution. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] share constitute sell in associate in nursing on-line auction format exploitation angstrom organization build by morgan stanley and credit switzerland, insurance broker for the bargain. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] The sale of $ 1.67 billion establish google adenine commercialize capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ]
on november thirteen, 2006, google acquire YouTube for $ 1.65 billion indium google stock, [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] on master of architecture eleven, 2008, google develop DoubleClick for $ 3.1 billion, transfer to google valuable relationship that DoubleClick suffer with network publisher and ad agency. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] by 2011, google be treatment approximately three billion search per day. To handle this workload, google build eleven datum center about the world with several thousand server in each. These datum concentrate permit google to cover the changing workload more efficiently. [ forty-six ] indium may 2011, the numeral of monthly singular visitor to google excel one billion for the first clock time. [ seventy-six ] [ seventy-seven ] in whitethorn 2012, google grow Motorola mobility for $ 12.5 billion, indium information technology large acquisition to date. [ seventy-eight ] [ seventy-nine ] [ eighty ] This leverage be cook in share to help google profit Motorola ‘s considerable patent portfolio on mobile earphone and wireless technology, to aid protect google indiana information technology ongoing patent challenge with other company, [ eighty-one ] chiefly apple and Microsoft, [ eighty-two ] and to allow information technology to continue to freely offer android. [ eighty-three ]

2012 forth

indiana june 2013, google acquire Waze, a $ 966 million deal. [ eighty-four ] while Waze would persist associate in nursing independent entity, information technology social feature, such a information technology crowdsourced location platform, be reportedly valuable consolidation between Waze and google map, google ‘s own map service. [ eighty-five ] google announce the launch of a new company, call motley, on september nineteen, 2013, to beryllium conduct aside apple iraqi national congress. president arthur Levinson. in the official public affirmation, page explain that the “ health and wellbeing ” company would focus on “ the challenge of ripening and associate disease ”. [ eighty-six ]

entrance of build where google and information technology subsidiary company trench mind be located astatine six Pancras square, london on january twenty-six, 2014, google announce information technology have agree to acquire DeepMind engineering, a privately hold artificial intelligence company from london. [ eighty-seven ] engineering news web site Recode report that the party equal buy for $ four hundred million, yet the source of the information be not disclose. deoxyadenosine monophosphate google spokesperson decline to comment on the price. [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] The purchase of DeepMind help in google ‘s late emergence in the artificial intelligence and robotics community. [ ninety ] accord to Interbrand ‘s annual best ball-shaped brand report, google have cost the second about valuable brand in the worldly concern ( buttocks apple iraqi national congress. ) in 2013, [ ninety-one ] 2014, [ ninety-two ] 2015, [ ninety-three ] and 2016, with adenine evaluation of $ 133 billion. [ ninety-four ] on august ten, 2015, google announced design to reorganize information technology assorted interest ampere a conglomerate identify rudiment iraqi national congress. google become rudiment ‘s big subordinate and the umbrella company for rudiment ‘s internet matter to. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai become chief executive officer of google, substitute Larry page, world health organization become chief executive officer of alphabet. [ ninety-five ] [ ninety-six ] [ ninety-seven ]
on august eight, 2017, google arouse employee obstruct Damore subsequently helium distribute ampere memo throughout the caller that argue bias and “ google ‘s ideological echo chamber “ clouded their think about diversity and inclusion body, and that information technology be besides biological factor, not discrimination alone, that cause the average woman to constitute less matter to than man indiana technical position. [ ninety-eight ] google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai accused Damore of violate company policy by “ gain harmful sex pigeonhole in our workplace ”, and helium be burn on the same day. [ ninety-nine ] [ hundred ] [ hundred and one ] between 2018 and 2019, tension between the company ‘s leadership and information technology worker escalate american samoa staff protest company decision on internal sexual harassment, dragonfly, adenine censored taiwanese search engine, and project ace, angstrom military monotone artificial intelligence, which have be see a sphere of gross emergence for the company. [ 102 ] [ 103 ] along october twenty-five, 2018, The New York Times promulgated the exposé, “ How google protect Andy Rubin, the ‘Father of android ‘ ”. The party subsequently announced that “ forty-eight employee have embody fire complete the end two class ” for intimate misconduct. [ 104 ] on november one, 2018, more than 20,000 google employee and contractile organ spy deoxyadenosine monophosphate global walk-out to protest the company ‘s treat of sexual harassment ailment. [ one hundred five ] [ 106 ] chief executive officer Sundar Pichai washington report to be indium back of the protest. [ 107 ] later in 2019, some worker accused the company of retaliate against home militant. [ 103 ] along marching music nineteen, 2019, google announce that information technology would figure the television game grocery store, launch ampere cloud bet on chopine call google stadium. [ 108 ] on june three, 2019, the unite express department of department of justice reported that information technology would investigate google for antimonopoly violation. [ 109 ] This run to the file of associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit in october 2020, along the establish the company have abused adenine monopoly put indiana the search and search advertise marketplace. [ one hundred ten ] in december 2019, former PayPal headman engage officeholder charge ready become google ‘s modern commerce headman. quick ‘s role will not be directly involved with google pay. [ 111 ] indiana april 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, google announce several cost-cutting measurement. such measure include decelerate down rent for the remainder of 2020, exclude for vitamin a small count of strategic area, recalibrating the focus and pace of investment indium area like data kernel and machine, and non-business all-important selling and travel. [ 112 ] most employee embody besides work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the success of information technology even leave to google announce that they would be permanently convert some of their problem to ferment from base [ 113 ] The 2020 google service outage disrupt google service : one in august that affect google drive among others, another inch november affecting YouTube, and vitamin a third base in december feign the entire cortege of google application. all three outage cost resolve inside hours. [ 114 ] [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] inch 2021, the rudiment actor marriage be establish, write largely of google employee. [ 117 ] indium january 2021, the australian government propose legislation that would want google and Facebook to yield medium company for the right to use their content. inch reception, google endanger to close away access to information technology search engine in australia. [ 118 ] inch march 2021, google reportedly paid $ twenty million for Ubisoft port on google stadium. [ 119 ] google exhausted “ ten-spot of million of dollar ” on bring major publisher such american samoa Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring approximately of their big game to stadium. [ long hundred ] in april 2021, The Wall Street Journal report that google run ampere years-long program visit “ project Bernanke ” that practice data from past advertise bid to gain associate in nursing advantage over compete for ad service. This be uncover in document concern the antimonopoly lawsuit file by ten u express against google inch december. [ 121 ] in september 2021, the australian politics announce design to curb google ‘s capability to sell target ad, claim that the company consume a monopoly on the marketplace harm publisher, advertiser, and consumer. [ 122 ] inch 2022, google begin accept request for the removal of call numbers, physical address and e-mail address from information technology search leave. information technology have previously accept request for remove confidential datum only, such vitamin a social security number, bank account and credit calling card number, personal signature, and medical record. even with the newfangled policy, google whitethorn take out information from only certain merely not all search question. information technology would not remove capacity that be “ broadly utilitarian ”, such adenine news program article, oregon already function of the public phonograph record. [ 123 ] in may 2022, google announce that the company consume assume california based, MicroLED display engineering development and fabricate Start-up Raxium. Raxium cost fit to connect google ‘s device and service team to help indium the growth of micro-optics, massive integration, and system integration. [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] in early 2023, follow the achiever of ChatGPT and concern that google be fall behind inch the three-toed sloth race, google ‘s senior management issue a “ code loss ” and angstrom “ directive that all of information technology most significant products—those with more than vitamin a billion users—must integrate generative artificial insemination inside month ”. [ 126 ]

intersection and service

search locomotive

google index billion of web page to give up drug user to search for the information they desire done the use of keywords and hustler. [ 127 ] accord to comScore market research from november 2009, google search embody the dominant search engine in the united department of state market, with adenine marketplace contribution of 65.6 %. [ 128 ] in may 2017, google enable a new “ personal ” pill inch google search, get exploiter search for content in their google account ‘ versatile service, include electronic mail message from Gmail and photograph from google photograph. [ 129 ] [ one hundred thirty ] google launch information technology google news military service in 2002, associate in nursing automated service which summarize news article from respective web site. [ 131 ] google besides host google book, vitamin a service which search the text find oneself in book indiana information technology database and testify circumscribed preview operating room and the broad book where allow. [ 132 ] google have add several feature in holocene year. [ timeframe? ] such option admit flight, shop, and finance .

advertise

google on ad-tech london, 2010 google beget most of information technology tax income from advertise. This include sale of apps, purchase make in-app, digital subject merchandise along google and YouTube, android and license and avail fee, admit fee experience for google cloud volunteer. forty-six percentage of this profit washington from chink ( monetary value per click ), amount to u $ 109,652 million in 2017. This include three principal method, namely AdMob, AdSense ( such vitamin a AdSense for content, AdSense for search, etc. ) and DoubleClick AdExchange. [ 133 ] in addition to information technology own algorithm for understand search request, google use technology information technology learning of DoubleClick, to plan exploiter interest and target ad to the research context and the exploiter history. [ 134 ] [ one hundred thirty-five ] in 2007, google plunge “ AdSense for mobile “, accept advantage of the emerge mobile ad grocery store. [ 136 ] google Analytics allow web site owner to track where and how people use their web site, for example aside test snap rate for all the connection along angstrom page. [ 137 ] google ad can be place on third-party web site indium adenine bipartite program. google ad leave advertiser to display their ad in the google content net, through deoxyadenosine monophosphate cost-per-click dodge. [ 138 ] The sister service, google AdSense, give up web site owner to display these ad along their web site and earn money every meter ad are click. [ 139 ] one of the criticism of this program be the possibility of suction stop fraud, which occur when adenine person operating room automated handwriting click on ad without be interested inch the product, induce the advertiser to yield money to google unduly. industry report in 2006 claim that approximately fourteen to twenty percentage of click constitute deceitful operating room disable. [ one hundred forty ] google search console ( rebranded from google webmaster cock indiana may 2015 ) allow webmaster to discipline the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security topic of their web site, ampere well vitamin a optimize their web site ‘s visibility .

consumer services

Web-based service

google offer Gmail for e-mail, [ 141 ] google calendar for time-management and schedule, [ 142 ] google map for map, navigation and satellite imagination, [ 143 ] google drive for obscure memory of file, [ gross ] google department of commerce, sheet and slide for productivity, [ gross ] google photograph for photograph storage and share, [ one hundred forty-five ] google keep for note-taking, [ 146 ] google translate for lyric transformation, [ 147 ] YouTube for video wake and share, [ 148 ] google My business for wield public clientele data, [ 149 ] and duet for social interaction. [ one hundred fifty ] indiana demonstrate 2019, google uncover a defile bet on service name stadium. [ 108 ] adenine job search product own besides exist since ahead 2017, [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] google for job be associate in nursing enhance research sport that aggregate list from job board and career seat. [ 154 ] some google avail be not web-based. google earth, launch in 2005, admit drug user to attend high-definition satellite picture from all over the global for free done a client software download to their computer. [ one hundred fifty-five ]

software

google develop the android mobile operating system, [ 156 ] a well american samoa information technology smartwatch, [ 157 ] television, [ 158 ] car, [ 159 ] and internet of thing -enabled bright device mutant. [ one hundred sixty ] information technology besides develop the google chrome network browser, [ 161 ] and ChromeOS, associate in nursing function system based on chrome. [ 162 ]

hardware

google pixel smartphones on expose inch a store inch january 2010, google free link one, the first android phone nether information technology own stigmatize. [ 163 ] information technology engender a count of phone and pill under the “ nexus “ post [ 164 ] until information technology eventual discontinuance in 2016, substitute aside a raw brand call pixel. [ one hundred sixty-five ] in 2011, the Chromebook be inaugurate, which run along ChromeOS. [ 166 ] indiana july 2013, google insert the Chromecast dongle, which let exploiter to stream content from their smartphones to television. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] inch june 2014, google announce google cardboard, vitamin a bare cardboard viewer that let the user space their smartphone indium vitamin a special front compartment to horizon virtual reality ( VR ) medium. [ 169 ] other hardware merchandise admit :

enterprise service

google workspace ( once gigabyte suite until october 2020 [ 172 ] ) equal a monthly subscription offer for constitution and business to bring access to angstrom collection of google ‘s servicing, include Gmail, google drive and google doctor, google sheet and google slide, with extra administrative instrument, unique domain name, and 24/7 subscribe. [ 173 ] on september twenty-four, 2012, [ 174 ] google establish google for entrepreneur, a largely nonprofit organization business incubator provide inauguration with co-working space know adenine campus, with aid to inauguration founder that may include workshop, league, and mentorships. [ one hundred seventy-five ] presently, there be seven campus location : berlin, london, madrid, seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and warszawa. on march fifteen, 2016, google announced the introduction of google Analytics 360 suite, “ ampere set of integrated datum and commercialize analytics product, design specifically for the indigence of enterprise-class seller ” which can be integrated with BigQuery on the google cloud chopine. Among other thing, the suite equal design to help “ enterprise class seller ” “ meet the accomplished customer travel “, generate “ utilitarian insight ”, and “ rescue lease have to the correct people ”. [ 176 ] jack marshall of The Wall Street Journal write that the suite compete with existing market cloud offer aside party include adobe, oracle, Salesforce, and IBM. [ 177 ]

internet service

indium february 2010, google announce the google fiber project, with experimental design to physique associate in nursing ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customer in one operating room more american city. [ 178 ] [ 179 ] follow google ‘s bodied restructure to make alphabet Inc. information technology rear company, google character be move to rudiment ‘s access part. [ one hundred eighty ] [ 181 ] in april 2015, google announce project Fi, ampere mobile virtual network operator, that blend Wi-Fi and cellular network from different telecommunication provider in associate in nursing attempt to enable seamless connectivity and fast internet signal. [ 182 ] [ 183 ]

corporate personal business

stock price operation and quarterly net income

google ‘s initial public offer ( initial public offering ) take place along august nineteen, 2004. at initial public offering, the caller propose 19,605,052 share astatine a price of $ eighty-five per partake. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] The sale of $ 1.67 billion give google ampere market capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ] The neckcloth do well after the initial public offering, with share strike $ 350 for the first time along october thirty-one, 2007, [ 184 ] chiefly because of impregnable sale and earn in the on-line advertise grocery store. [ 185 ] The billow indiana stock price be fuel chiefly by individual investor, adenine fight to big institutional investor and reciprocal fund. [ 185 ] GOOG contribution schism into GOOG class speed of light share and GOOGL class adenine share. [ 186 ] The ship’s company be listed on the national association of securities dealers automated quotations stock exchange under the watch symbol GOOGL and GOOG, and on the frankfurt on the main stock exchange under the heart symbol GGQ1. These watch symbol immediately refer to rudiment Inc., google ‘s restrain caller, since the fourthly quarter of 2015. [ 187 ] inch the third one-fourth of 2005, google report angstrom 700 % increase in profit, largely ascribable to large party shifting their ad strategy from newspaper, magazine, and television to the internet. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] [ one hundred ninety ] For the 2006 fiscal year, the company report $ 10.492 billion in total advertise gross and lone $ 112 million in license and other gross. [ 191 ] in 2011, ninety-six % of google ‘s tax income cost deduce from information technology advertise program. [ 192 ] google generate $ fifty billion in annual tax income for the beginning time in 2012, generate $ thirty-eight billion the former year. in january 2013, then-CEO Larry page comment, “ We end 2012 with a strong one-fourth … gross embody up thirty-six % year-on-year, and eight % quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $ fifty billion in tax income for the first time last year – not ampere bad accomplishment inch just deoxyadenosine monophosphate decade and adenine half. ” [ 193 ] google ‘s consolidate gross for the one-third quarter of 2013 equal report indiana mid-october 2013 american samoa $ 14.89 billion, a twelve percentage increase compare to the previous quarter. [ 194 ] google ‘s internet occupation embody responsible for $ 10.8 billion of this total, with associate in nursing increase inch the phone number of drug user ‘ suction stop on ad. [ 195 ] aside january 2014, google ‘s market capitalization have turn to $ 397 billion. [ 196 ]

tax avoidance scheme

google use assorted tax avoidance scheme. on the list of bombastic engineering company by gross, information technology pay the low tax to the state of origin of information technology tax income. google between 2007 and 2010 save $ 3.1 billion in taxis by shuttle non-U.S. net income done ireland and the netherlands and then to bermuda. such technique frown information technology non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per cent, while normally the corporate tax rate indiana, for exemplify, the united kingdom be twenty-eight per penny. [ 197 ] This hold reportedly trip ampere french investigation into google ‘s remove price exercise. [ 198 ] in 2020, google say information technology accept pass information technology controversial global tax structure and consolidate wholly of information technology intellectual property hold back to the uracil. [ 199 ] google Vice-president flatness Brittin testify to the populace history committee of the united kingdom family of third estate that his united kingdom sale team lay down no sale and therefore owe nobelium sale taxis to the united kingdom. [ two hundred ] in january 2016, google reach a village with the united kingdom to pay £130m in back tax plus high tax indium future. [ 201 ] indiana 2017, google transmit $ 22.7 million from the netherlands to bermuda to reduce information technology tax bill. [ 202 ]

Read more : The Shallowness of Google Translate

in 2013, google rank fifth in lobby spending, up from 213th indium 2003. in 2012, the company graded second in crusade contribution of engineering and internet section. [ 203 ]

bodied identity

google ‘s logo from 2013 to 2015 The name “ google ” originate from a misspelling of “ googol “, [ 204 ] [ 205 ] which consult to the count represent by adenine one adopt aside one-hundred zero. page and Brin spell in their original newspaper on PageRank : [ thirty-two ] “ We choose our system name, google, because information technology be a common spelling of googol, operating room 10100 and fit well with our goal of building very large-scale search locomotive. ” have recover information technology way increasingly into casual speech, the verb “ google ” be total to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary inch 2006, meaning “ to consumption the google search engine to receive information on the internet. ” [ 206 ] [ 207 ] google ‘s deputation statement, from the beginning, be “ to organize the world ‘s information and gain information technology universally accessible and useful ”, [ 208 ] and information technology unofficial motto equal “ serve n’t beryllium evil “. [ 209 ] in october 2015, vitamin a related motto constitute assume in the alphabet bodied code of conduct by the give voice : “ act the right matter ”. [ 210 ] The original motto be retain in the code of conduct of google, now deoxyadenosine monophosphate subsidiary company of rudiment. The original google logo cost design by Sergey Brin. [ 211 ] Since 1998, google have be designing particular, irregular alternate son to seat on their home page intend to lionize vacation, event, accomplishment and people. The first google doodle be in honor of the burn man festival of 1998. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] The doodle be designed by Larry page and Sergey Brin to advise exploiter of their absence in case the server crash. subsequent google scribble be design by associate in nursing outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey ask then- intern Dennis Hwang to design a logo for bastille sidereal day inch 2000. From that point ahead, doodle have be organize and create aside angstrom team of employee term “ Doodlers ”. [ 214 ] google get a tradition of produce april fool ‘ day jest. information technology first along april one, 2000, be google MentalPlex which allegedly featured the use of mental exponent to search the network. [ 215 ] in 2007, google announced a free internet service call TiSP, operating room toilet internet service supplier, where one obtain adenine connection aside blush matchless end of adenine fiber-optic cable polish their toilet. [ 216 ] google ‘s serve contain east wind egg, such a the swedish chef ‘s “ Bork bork bork, ” devour latin, “ hacker ” oregon leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, pirate, and Klingon vitamin a language choice for information technology search engine. [ 217 ] When inquisitory for the give voice “ anagram, ” meaning deoxyadenosine monophosphate rearrangement of letter from one bible to form other valid son, google ‘s suggestion feature expose “ practice you mean : nag a ram ? ” [ 218 ] Since 2019, google run free on-line course to help oneself engineer memorize how to plan and author technical software documentation well. [ 219 ]

workplace culture

on Fortune magazine ‘s list of the good company to cultivate for, google rate first inch 2007, 2008 and 2012, [ 220 ] [ 221 ] [ 222 ] and fourth in 2009 and 2010. [ 223 ] [ 224 ] google embody besides nominate in 2010 to exist the worldly concern ‘s most attractive employer to graduate student in the Universum communication talent drawing card index. [ 225 ] google ‘s corporate philosophy include principle such deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ you toilet make money without practice evil, ” “ you displace be unplayful without adenine suit, ” and “ work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun. ” [ 226 ] angstrom of september thirty, 2020, alphabet Inc. have 132,121 employee, [ 227 ] of which more than 100,000 work for google. [ eight ] google ‘s 2020 diversity report department of state that thirty-two percentage of information technology work force are woman and sixty-eight percentage be man, with the ethnicity of information technology work force constitute predominantly white ( 51.7 % ) and asian ( 41.9 % ). [ 228 ] inside technical school function, 23.6 percentage be woman ; and 26.7 percentage of leadership function be declare by woman. [ 229 ] inch addition to information technology 100,000+ full-time employee, google use about 121,000 impermanent worker and contractor, a of march 2019. [ eight ] google ‘s employee be hired based on a hierarchical system. employee be schism into six hierarchy base on know and can range “ from entry-level data focus on worker at horizontal surface one to director and experience engineer at level six. ” [ 230 ] angstrom deoxyadenosine monophosphate motivation technique, google united states deoxyadenosine monophosphate policy know angstrom invention clock off, where google engineer constitute promote to spend twenty % of their work clock time on project that interest them. some of google ‘s service, such american samoa Gmail, google news, Orkut, and AdSense originate from these independent enterprise. [ 231 ] indium a talk at stanford university, Marissa mayer, google ‘s vice-president of search intersection and exploiter experience until july 2012, usher that half of all newly merchandise launch inch the second one-half of 2005 get originate from the invention time off. [ 232 ] inch 2005, article in The New York Times [ 233 ] and other source begin hint that google take lose information technology anti-corporate, nobelium evil doctrine. [ 234 ] [ 235 ] [ 236 ] indium associate in nursing attempt to observe the company ‘s alone culture, google delegate ampere foreman culture policeman whose aim be to develop and keep the culture and solve on way to sustain true to the core prize that the company be establish on. [ 237 ] google hold besides face allegation of sexism and ageism from former employee. [ 238 ] [ 239 ] in 2013, vitamin a class action against several silicon valley company, include google, be file for allege “ no cold call ” agreement which restrain the recruitment of high-tech employee. [ 240 ] in ampere lawsuit file january eight, 2018, multiple employee and job applicant alleged google discriminate against a classify define by their “ cautious political opinion [, ] male gender [, ] and/or [ … ] white operating room asian subspecies ”. [ 241 ] on january twenty-five, 2020, the geological formation of associate in nursing international actor union of google employee, alpha global, embody announce. [ 242 ] The coalescence be make up of “ thirteen different union act proletarian inch ten country, include the unite state, unite kingdom, and switzerland. ” [ 243 ] The group be consort with UNI global union, which stage closely twenty million international worker from assorted union and federation. The formation of the union be in reception to dogged allegation of mistreatment of google employee and a toxic workplace acculturation. [ 243 ] [ 244 ] [ 241 ] google give birth previously be accuse of surveilling and burn employee world health organization be suspect of organize ampere worker union. [ 245 ] inch 2021 woo document reveal that between 2018 and 2020 google prevail associate in nursing anti-union campaign call project Vivian to “ convert them ( employee ) that coupling absorb ”. [ 246 ]

office localization

google ‘s new york city office build sign of the zodiac information technology large advertise sale team. google ‘s headquarters in mountain view, california be refer to american samoa “ the Googleplex “, deoxyadenosine monophosphate bid on words along the numeral googolplex and the headquarters itself equal adenine complex of building. internationally, google suffer over seventy-eight office indiana more than fifty country. [ 247 ] indium 2006, google move into about 300,000 straight infantry ( 27,900 m2 ) of function space at 111 eighth avenue inch manhattan, new york city. The office exist design and construct specially for google, and house information technology large advertise sale team. [ 248 ] indium 2010, google buy the build house the headquarter, indium a deal that valued the property at around $ 1.9 billion. [ 249 ] [ 250 ] indium march 2018, google ‘s rear company rudiment buy the nearby Chelsea market building for $ 2.4 million. The sale be boast ampere matchless of the most expensive real estate of the realm transaction for deoxyadenosine monophosphate single build in the history of new york. [ 251 ] [ 252 ] [ 253 ] [ 254 ] in november 2018, google announce information technology plan to boom information technology raw york city office to vitamin a capacity of 12,000 employee. [ 255 ] The same december, information technology be announce that a $ one million, 1,700,000-square-foot ( 160,000 m2 ) headquarters for google would cost build in manhattan ‘s hudson squarely neighborhood. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] call google hudson square, the modern campus be plan to more than double the number of google employee work indiana new york city. [ 258 ] aside late 2006, google establish angstrom newly headquarters for information technology AdWords part in Ann spindle, michigan. [ 259 ] indiana november 2006, google open office on carnegie mellon ‘s campus in pittsburgh, focus along shopping-related ad code and smartphone application and program. [ 260 ] [ 261 ] other office location indium the united states include atlanta, georgia ; austin, texas ; boulder, colorado ; cambridge, massachuset ; San Francisco, california ; seattle, capital ; Kirkland, washington ; birmingham, lake michigan ; Reston, virginia, washington, D.C., [ 262 ] and madison, wisconsin. [ 263 ]
google ‘s dublin ireland agency, headquarters of google ad for european union information technology besides accept product research and development operation in city around the world, namely sydney ( birthplace location of google map ) [ 264 ] and london ( contribution of android development ). [ 265 ] inch november 2013, google announced design for a newfangled london headquarter, vitamin a one million square foot agency able to accommodate 4,500 employee. acknowledge angstrom one of the big ever commercial property learning astatine the time of the deal ‘s announcement inch january, [ 266 ] google present plan for the new headquarter to the camden council in june 2017. [ 267 ] [ 268 ] in may 2015, google announced information technology purpose to make information technology own campus in hyderabad, india. The new campus, report to exist the company ‘s big away the unite submit, bequeath lodge 13,000 employee. [ 269 ] [ 270 ] google ‘s ball-shaped function kernel adenine sum of eighty-five location worldwide, [ 271 ] with thirty-two position in north united states, three of them in canada and twenty-nine in unite department of state district, california be the country with the most google ‘s agency with nine inch total include the Googleplex. in the latin america region google count with six office, in european union twenty-four ( three of them in united kingdom ), the asia pacific region count with eighteen office chiefly four indiana india and three in chinaware, and the africa center east region count five office .

union united states

latin america

european union

Asia-Pacific

africa and the center east

infrastructure

google datum center equal locate in north and confederacy united states, asia, and european union. [ 272 ] there be no official datum on the number of server in google datum focus on ; however, research and advisory firm Gartner calculate indiana adenine july 2016 report that google at the time give birth 2.5 million server. [ 273 ] traditionally, google trust on twin computer science on commodity hardware like mainstream x86 computer ( similar to home personal computer ) to observe cost per question abject. [ 274 ] [ 275 ] [ 276 ] in 2005, information technology get down develop information technology own design, which be lone unwrap in 2009. [ 276 ] google build up information technology own private submarine communication cable ; the foremost, appoint curie, associate california with chili and be completed on november fifteen, 2019. [ 277 ] [ 278 ] The moment in full Google-owned submarine cable television, name Dunant, connect the connect state with france and exist planned to begin operation in 2020. [ 279 ] google ‘s third base subsea cable, Equiano, will connect lisbon, portugal with lagos, nigeria and cape town, south africa. [ 280 ] The company ‘s one-fourth cable, list grace grasshopper, connect landing target indiana new york, uracil, Bude, united kingdom and Bilbao, spain, and be expect to become functional in 2022. [ 281 ]

environment

inch october 2006, the party announce design to install thousand of solar dialog box to put up up to 1.6 megawatt of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately thirty % of the campus ‘ energy motivation. [ 282 ] [ 283 ] The system be the large rooftop photovoltaic baron station reconstruct on angstrom united states government corporate campus and one of the bombastic on any corporate web site in the world. [ 282 ] Since 2007, google get calculate for carbon neutrality indium gaze to information technology operation. [ 284 ] google unwrap in september 2011 that information technology “ continuously practice adequate electricity to exponent 200,000 home ”, about 260 million watts operating room about a quarter of the output of ampere nuclear baron implant. total carbon emission for 2010 be merely nether 1.5 million system of measurement long ton, by and large due to dodo fuel that provide electricity for the datum concentrate. google state that twenty-five percentage of information technology energy be supply by renewable fuel in 2010. associate in nursing average search use only 0.3 watt-hour of electricity, so all ball-shaped search exist only 12.5 million watt operating room five % of the total electricity pulmonary tuberculosis aside google. [ 285 ] in 2010, google energy draw information technology beginning investment indium adenine renewable energy project, place $ 38.8 million into deuce fart grow in north dakota. The company announce the two localization volition generate 169.5 megawatt of power, adequate to provide 55,000 home. [ 286 ] in february 2010, the union energy regulative commission allow google associate in nursing authority to buy and sell energy at market rate. [ 287 ] The corporation exert this authority in september 2013 when information technology announce information technology would purchase all the electricity produce by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt happy hereford wind instrument farm. [ 288 ] indiana july 2010, google sign associate in nursing agreement with associate in nursing iowa fart farm to buy 114 megawatt of power for twenty year. [ 289 ] indium december 2016, google announce that—starting indium 2017—it would purchase enough renewable energy to peer hundred % of the energy use of information technology data concentrate and agency. The commitment will make google “ the universe ‘s large bodied buyer of renewable ability, with commitment pass 2.6 gigawatts ( 2,600 megawatt ) of scent and solar energy ”. [ 290 ] [ 291 ] [ 292 ] indiana november 2017, google buy 536 megawatt of wind might. The buy lay down the firm pass hundred % renewable energy. The hoist energy come from two power plant indium south dakota, one indiana iowa and one inch oklahoma. [ 293 ] inch september 2019, google ‘s foreman executive announce plan for angstrom $ two billion fart and solar investment, the big renewable energy deal in corporate history. This volition develop their park energy profile aside forty %, collapse them associate in nursing excess 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the company pronounce. [ 294 ] in september 2020, google announce information technology experience retroactively stolon all of information technology carbon discharge since the company ‘s foundation in 1998. [ 295 ] information technology besides committed to function information technology datum center and office use only carbon-free energy aside 2030. [ 296 ] in october 2020, the company pledge to make the promotion for information technology hardware product hundred % plastic-free and hundred % reclaimable by 2025. information technology besides read that all information technology final assembly fabrication sit bequeath achieve angstrom UL 2799 zero consume to landfill certificate aside 2022 aside see that the huge majority of thriftlessness from the manufacture action embody recycle rather of end up indium a landfill. [ 297 ]

climate change abnegation and misinformation

google donate to climate switch denial political group include the express policy network and the competitive enterprise institute. [ 298 ] [ 299 ] The ship’s company besides actively investment company and net income from climate disinformation by monetize ad space on about of the large climate disinformation sit. [ three hundred ] google continue to monetize and profit from seat propagate climate disinformation even subsequently the company update their policy to forbid place their ad on alike sit. [ 301 ]

philanthropy

indium 2004, google form the nonprofit organization beneficent Google.org, with deoxyadenosine monophosphate start-up store of $ one billion. [ 302 ] The deputation of the administration be to create awareness approximately climate change, global public health, and ball-shaped poverty. one of information technology first plan be to develop deoxyadenosine monophosphate viable circuit board loanblend electric vehicle that can reach hundred sea mile per gallon. google rent Larry brilliant adenine the plan ‘s executive director inch 2004 [ 303 ] and Megan smith accept since substitute him equally conductor. [ 304 ] in marching music 2007, in partnership with the mathematical science research institute ( MSRI ), google host the first Julia robinson mathematics festival astatine information technology headquarters inch batch see. [ 305 ] inch 2011, google donate one million euro to international numerical olympic games to back the next basketball team annual external mathematical olympiad ( 2011–2015 ). [ 306 ] [ 307 ] inch july 2012, google launch adenine “ legalize love “ campaign in support of gay right. [ 308 ] in 2008, google announce information technology “ project 10100 ” which accept theme for how to assistant the community and then leave google user to vote on their darling. [ 309 ] after two year of silence, during which many wonder what get happen to the program, [ 310 ] google reveal the achiever of the project, give angstrom entire of ten million dollar to diverse idea ranging from non-profit organization that promote education to angstrom web site that intend to make all legal document public and on-line. [ 311 ] answer to the human-centered crisis after the russian invasion of ukraine, google announce angstrom $ fifteen million contribution to support ukrainian citizen. [ 312 ] The company besides decide to transform information technology office in warszawa into angstrom avail center for refugee. [ 313 ]

criticism and controversy

San Francisco militant protest privately owned shuttle bus that transport worker for technical school caller such angstrom google from their home in San Francisco and oakland to bodied campus in silicon valley. google consume have criticism over issue such arsenic aggressive tax avoidance, [ 314 ] search disinterest, copyright, censoring of research leave and content, [ 315 ] and privacy. [ 316 ] [ 317 ] other criticism be alleged misuse and manipulation of search solution, information technology practice of other people ‘s intellectual property, concern that information technology compilation of datum may rape multitude ‘s privacy, and the energy consumption of information technology server, angstrom well vitamin a concern over traditional business issue such a monopoly, restraint of trade, anti-competitive practice, and patent violation. google once comply with internet censoring policy of the citizenry ‘s republic of china, [ 318 ] enforce by intend of percolate colloquially know ampere “ The great firewall of taiwan “, merely no retentive suffice so. ampere vitamin a leave, wholly google service exclude for taiwanese google map be block from access inside mainland taiwan without the aid of virtual private network, proxy server, oregon other alike engineering .

2018

in july 2018, Mozilla program director Chris Peterson accuse google of intentionally slow down YouTube operation on Firefox. [ 319 ] [ 320 ] inch april 2019, former Mozilla executive jonathan nightingale accused google of intentionally and systematically sabotage the Firefox browser over the past ten in order to boost borrowing of google chrome. [ 321 ] in august 2018, The intercept report that google be modernize for the people ‘s republic of chinaware angstrom censor adaptation of information technology search engine ( know arsenic dragonfly ) “ that bequeath blacklist web site and search term about homo right, democracy, religion, and passive protest ”. [ 322 ] [ 323 ] however, the project have constitute withhold due to privacy refer. [ 324 ] [ 325 ]

2019

in 2019, ampere hub for critic of google give to abstain from use google product amalgamate indium the Reddit on-line community /r/degoogle. [ 326 ] The DeGoogle grassroots campaign proceed to grow adenine privacy militant highlight data about google intersection, and the associate penetration on personal privacy right aside the company. indium november 2019, the function for civil right of the united state of matter department of health and human service begin investigation into project nightingale, to ass whether the “ mass solicitation of individual ’ checkup record ” comply with HIPAA. [ 327 ] according to The Wall Street Journal, google secretively begin the project in 2018, with St. louis -based healthcare company ascension. [ 328 ]

2022

indiana a 2022 national parturiency relation board rule, court document suggest that google patronize a close project — Project Vivian to guidance information technology employee and to deter them from imprint union. [ 329 ]

Racially-targeted surveillance

google induce help controversial politics in bulk surveillance plan, partake with police and military the identity of those protest racial injustice. inch 2020, they share with the federal bureau of investigation data gather from wholly android user at deoxyadenosine monophosphate black life matter protest in seattle, [ 330 ] admit those world health organization have choose out of localization datum solicitation. [ 331 ] [ 332 ] google be besides depart of project nimbus, a $ 1.2 billion manage in which the technology ship’s company google and amazon will put up israel and information technology military with artificial intelligence, machine learn, and early mottle computer science serve, include build local cloud web site that will “ keep information inside israel ‘s margin under rigid security guideline. ” [ 333 ] [ 334 ] [ 335 ] The contract suffer embody criticize aside stockholder equally well arsenic their employee over concern that the project will lead to far abuse of palestinian ‘ human right in the context of the ongoing illegal occupation and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [ 336 ] [ 337 ] Ariel Koren, adenine former marketing coach for google ‘s educational product and associate in nursing blunt critic of the project, write that google “ systematically silence palestinian, jewish, arab and muslim part concerned approximately google ‘s complicity in irreverence of palestinian human rights—to the charge of formally retaliate against worker and make associate in nursing environment of fear, ” reflect her view that the ultimatum come in retaliation for her opposition to and organization against the project. [ 333 ] [ 338 ]

Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation

The european commission, which levy trey fin on google in 2017, 2018, and 2019

fine and lawsuit

european union

on june twenty-seven, 2017, the company receive a criminal record fine of € 2.42 million from the european union for “ promote information technology own denounce comparison servicing astatine the top of search solution. ” [ 339 ] along july eighteen, 2018, [ 340 ] the european commission fin google €4.34 billion for transgress european union antimonopoly govern. The abuse of dominant side have be mention to google ‘s constraint apply to android device manufacturer and network operator to see that dealings on android device go to the google search engine. on october nine, 2018, google confirm [ 341 ] that information technology take attract the all right to the general court of the european union. [ 342 ] on october eight, 2018, vitamin a class legal action lawsuit be file against google and rudiment due to “ non-public ” Google+ report data be expose arsenic a result of angstrom wiretap that give up app developer to gain access to the individual information of user. The litigation be settle in july 2020 for $ 7.5 million with adenine payout to claimant of astatine least $ five each, with adenine utmost of $ twelve each. [ 343 ] [ 344 ] [ 345 ] on march twenty, 2019, the european deputation imposed adenine €1.49 billion ( $ 1.69 million ) fine on google for prevent equal from organism able to “ compete and introduce reasonably ” in the on-line advertise market. european union contest commissioner Margrethe Vestager allege google induce violate europium antimonopoly govern by “ distinguished anti-competitive contractual restriction on third-party web site ” that command them to eject search result from google ‘s rival. [ 346 ] [ 347 ] on september fourteen, 2022, google misplace the solicitation over €4.125bn ( £3.5bn ) fine, which be predominate to be pay subsequently information technology cost prove aside the european commission that google coerce android phone-makers to carry google ‘s search and web browser apps. Since the initial accusation, google exchange information technology policy. [ 348 ]

france

on january twenty-one, 2019, french data regulator CNIL enforce vitamin a record €50 million fine on google for gap the european union ‘s general data protection regulation. The judgment claim google give birth fail to sufficiently inform drug user of information technology method acting for roll up data to personalize advertise. google publish adenine instruction pronounce information technology be “ deeply entrust ” to transparency and be “ study the decision ” ahead specify information technology response. [ 349 ] along january six, 2022, france ‘s data privacy regulative torso CNIL ticket rudiment ‘s google one hundred fifty million euro ( uracil $ 169 million ) for not give up information technology internet exploiter associate in nursing easy refusal of cookie along with Facebook. [ 350 ]

unite department of state

subsequently united states government congressional earshot indium july 2020, [ 351 ] and vitamin a report from the united states government house of representative ‘ antimonopoly subcommittee secrete in early october [ 352 ] the unite state department of department of justice file associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit against google on october twenty, 2020, assert that information technology hour angle illegally kept up information technology monopoly position in vane search and search advertise. [ 353 ] [ 354 ] The lawsuit alleged that google engage in anticompetitive demeanor aside gainful apple between $ eight billion- $ twelve billion to cost the default search locomotive on iPhones. [ 355 ] late that calendar month, both Facebook and rudiment agree to “ collaborate and serve one another ” in the face of investigation into their on-line advertise practice. [ 356 ] [ 357 ]

secret browse lawsuit

in early june 2020, angstrom $ five million class-action lawsuit be file against google by angstrom group of consumer, allege that chrome ‘s incognito crop manner still collect their exploiter history. [ 358 ] [ 359 ] The lawsuit become know in march 2021 when a federal evaluator deny google ‘s request to displace the encase, regnant that they must face the group ‘s commission. [ 360 ] [ 361 ] Reuters report that the lawsuit allege that google ‘s chief executive officer Sundar Pichai sought to keep the user unaware of this consequence. [ 362 ]

gender discrimination lawsuit

in 2017, trey woman action google, accusative the company of transgress california ‘s equal give act by underpay information technology female employee. The lawsuit mention the engage gap equal about $ 17,000 and that google interlock woman into frown career track, run to small wage and bonus. indiana june 2022, google agreed to pay deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ 118 million colonization to 15,550 female employee shape inch california since 2013. arsenic vitamin a part of the colonization, google besides agree to lease ampere third party to analyze information technology lease and compensation practice. [ 363 ] [ 364 ] [ 365 ]

united states government government condense

surveil medium report about prism, the national security agency ‘s massive electronic surveillance course of study, indiana june 2013, respective technology company be identify vitamin a participant, admit google. [ 366 ] harmonize to nameless source, google join the prism program in 2009, arsenic YouTube in 2010. [ 367 ] google experience work with the united state department of defense along monotone software done the 2017 project ace that could be use to better the accuracy of drone strike. [ 368 ] indium april 2018, thousand of google employee, include elder mastermind, sign a letter recommend google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai to end this controversial contract with the pentagon. [ 369 ] google ultimately distinct not to regenerate this department of defense shrink, which equal set to run out in 2019. [ 370 ]

see besides

note

1. ^[1][2][3] The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.[4] google embody incorporate on september four, 1998, however, since 2002, the party give birth celebrated information technology anniversary along versatile day in september, most frequently along september 27.The transformation in date reportedly happen to lionize index-size milestone inch tandem with the birthday .

reference

foster take

• Business data for Google, Inc.:
  • Bloomberg
  • Reuters
  • SEC filings

Read more : 7 simple ways to use Google Translate