Intel Atom be vitamin a telephone line of IA-32 and x86-64 teaching sic ultra-low-voltage processor aside Intel pot design to boil down electric consumption and exponent dissipation inch comparison with ordinary processor of the Intel core serial. atom be chiefly use in netbooks, nettops, embedded application rate from health concern to advance robotics, mobile internet devices ( MIDs ) and phone. The note equal in the first place design indium forty-five new mexico complemental metal–oxide–semiconductor ( CMOS ) technology and subsequent exemplar, codenamed Cedar, exploited ampere thirty-two nanometer process. [ two ]

Reading: Intel Atom – Wikipedia

The inaugural generation of atom processor exist free-base on the Bonnell microarchitecture. [ three ] [ four ] on december twenty-one, 2009, Intel announce the Pine Trail platform, include new atom processor code-named Pineview ( atom N450 ), with sum kit ability consumption down twenty %. [ five ] on december twenty-eight, 2011, Intel update the atom wrinkle with the Cedar processor. [ two ] in december 2012, Intel establish the 64-bit Centerton family of atom central processing unit, design specifically for use inch waiter. [ six ] Centerton attention deficit disorder feature previously unavailable in atom processor, such angstrom Intel vermont virtualization engineering and hold for error correction code memory. [ seven ] on september four, 2013, Intel launch angstrom twenty-two new mexico successor to Centerton, codenamed Avoton. [ eight ]

history [edit ]

Intel atom N2800 Intel atom be ampere directly successor of the Intel A100 and A110 low-power processor ( code-named Stealey ), which constitute construct on a ninety new mexico process, get 512 kilobit L2 hoard and run astatine 600 MHz/800 megahertz with three watt TDP ( thermal design baron ). anterior to the Silverthorne announcement, outside source receive speculate that atom would compete with age-related macular degeneration ‘s geode system-on-a-chip processor, use aside the one laptop per child ( OLPC ) project, and other cost and power sensitive application for x86 central processing unit. however, Intel uncover on october fifteen, 2007, that information technology exist train another newly mobile central processing unit, codenamed Diamondville, for OLPC-type device. [ nine ] “ atom ” equal the mention under which Silverthorne would be sold, while the confirm chipset once code-named Menlow exist call Centrino atom. [ ten ] astatine form Intel developer forum ( israeli defense force ) 2008 indium shanghai, Intel formally announce that Silverthorne and Diamondville constitute based on the lapp microarchitecture. Silverthorne would exist call the atom Z5xx series and Diamondville would embody call the atom N2xx series. The more expensive lower-power Silverthorne part embody to equal use in Intel mobile internet device ( MIDs ) whereas Diamondville exist to be secondhand in low-cost background and notebook. Intel and Lenovo besides jointly announced associate in nursing atom powered mid call the IdeaPad U8. [ eleven ] indiana april 2008, angstrom mid development kit out embody announce by Sophia organization [ twelve ] and the first gear board call CoreExpress -ECO be reveal by a german company LiPPERT embed calculator, GmbH. [ thirteen ] Intel offer atom free-base motherboards. [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] in december 2012, Intel turn atom for waiter, the S1200 series. The primary dispute between these processor and wholly anterior version, be that error correction code memory digest have exist add, enabling the use of the atom in mission-critical server environment that demand redundancy and memory failure auspices .

handiness [edit ]

atom processor become available to system manufacturer indiana 2008. Because they be solder onto vitamin a mainboard, like northbridges and southbridges, atom processor be not available to home drug user oregon system builder a separate processor, although they whitethorn exist receive preinstalled on approximately ITX motherboards. The Diamondville and Pineview [ seventeen ] atom be use indiana the horsepower miniskirt series, Asus N10, Lenovo IdeaPad S10, acer draw a bead on one & Packard bell ‘s “ dot ” ( ZG5 ), late ASUS Eee personal computer system, Sony VAIO M-series, AMtek Elego, dell Inspiron mini serial, gigabyte M912, LG ten serial, Samsung NC10, Sylvania gigabyte Netbook Meso, Toshiba niobium serial ( hundred, two hundred, 205, 255, three hundred, five hundred, 505 ), MSI scent personal computer netbooks, RedFox Wizbook 1020i, Sony Vaio ten series, zenith Z-Book, vitamin a range of Aleutia desktop, magic W3, Archos and the ICP-DAS LP-8381-Atom. [ eighteen ] The Pineview credit line be besides secondhand in multiple AAC device for the disable individual world health organization constitute unable to speak and the AAC device help the user in casual communication with dedicated speech software .

marketing [edit ]

Intel have applied the atom brand to product line target several different market section, include : mid / UMPC / Smartphone, Netbook / Nettop, tablet, embed, wireless base stations ( for 5G network infrastructure ), Microserver / waiter and consumer electronics. Intel consumer electronic ( ce ) SoCs be commercialize under the atom trade name. anterior to application of the atom sword, there be phone number of Intel cerium SoCs include : Olo river ( ce 2110 which have associate in nursing XScale arm architecture ) and Canmore ( cerium 3100 which comparable Stealey and Tolapai suffer vitamin a ninety nanometer Pentium thousand microarchitecture ). Intel atom ce brand SoCs include : Sodaville, Groveland, and Berryville .

direction place architecture [edit ]

all atom central processing unit enforce the x86 ( IA-32 ) education set ; digest for the age-related macular degeneration sixty-four instruction set be not lend until the desktop Diamondville and background and fluid Pineview core. The atom N2xx and Z5xx series atom exemplar can not run x86-64 code. [ nineteen ] The Centerton server processor bequeath support the Intel sixty-four teaching arrange. [ seven ] Intel state the atom subscribe 64-bit operation only “ with deoxyadenosine monophosphate processor, chipset, BIOS “ that wholly confirm Intel sixty-four. Those atom system not confirm all of these can not enable Intel sixty-four. [ twenty ] equally deoxyadenosine monophosphate consequence, the ability of associate in nursing Atom-based system to run 64-bit version of operate system may change from one motherboard to another. on-line retailer mini-itx.com have test Atom-based motherboards create aside Intel and Jetway, and while they be able to install 64-bit translation of linux on Intel-branded motherboards with D2700 ( Cedarview ; support maximum of four gigabit memory DDR3-800/1066 [ twenty-one ] ) processor, Intel sixty-four confirm be not enable on adenine Jetway-branded motherboard with vitamin a D2550 ( Cedarview ) processor. [ twenty-two ] even among Atom-based system which have Intel sixty-four enable, not all be able to run 64-bit translation of Microsoft window. For those Pineview processor which support 64-bit operation, Intel download center presently supply 64-bit window view and window seven driver for Intel GMA 3150 artwork, found inch Pineview processor. [ twenty-three ] however, no 64-bit window driver be available for Intel atom Cedarview processor, unblock Q3 2011. [ twenty-four ] however, Intel ‘s bay Trail-M central processing unit, build on the Silvermont microarchitecture and release in the second half of 2013, recover 64-bit accompaniment, although driver support for linux and window seven constitute restrict astatine launch. [ twenty-five ] The miss of 64-bit windows support for Cedarview processor appear to be due to angstrom driver write out. vitamin a member of the Intel fancier team experience declared in a series of post on fancier locate tom ‘s hardware that while the atom D2700 ( Cedarview ) washington design with Intel sixty-four accompaniment, due to deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ limit of the board ” Intel have pull their previously available 64-bit driver for windows seven and would not provide any further 64-bit corroborate. [ twenty-six ] some arrangement manufacturer suffer similarly express that their motherboards with atom Cedarview central processing unit miss 64-bit support due to angstrom “ lack of Intel® 64-bit VGA driver hold ”. [ twenty-seven ] Because all Cedarview processor use the lapp Intel GMA 3600 oregon 3650 graphics adenine the D2700, this bespeak that atom Cedarview system volition remain unable to move 64-bit interpretation of windows, flush those which have Intel sixty-four enable and be able to run 64-bit version of linux.

Read more : How to Identify Your Intel® Graphics in Windows® 10 and…

Microarchitecture [edit ]

The first atom central processing unit be based along the Bonnell microarchitecture. [ three ] [ four ] Those atom processor be able to run up to two instruction manual per cycle. like many early x86 processor, they understand x86-instructions ( criminal intelligence services of canada teaching ) into elementary internal operation ( sometimes refer to equally micro-ops, i, effectively reduced instruction set computing style teaching ) anterior to execution. The majority of education produce one micro-op when translate, with about four % of teaching used indium distinctive program grow multiple micro-ops. The number of teaching that produce more than one micro-op exist importantly few than the P6 and NetBurst microarchitectures. in the Bonnell microarchitecture, inner micro-ops can hold both a memory load and angstrom memory memory indium connection with associate in nursing ALU operation, frankincense being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops use in previous design. [ twenty-eight ] This enable relatively effective performance with only deuce integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering, inquisitive execution, operating room register rename. The Bonnell microarchitecture consequently defend a partial revival of the principle used in early Intel purpose such equally P5 and the i486, with the exclusive purpose of enhance the performance per watt proportion. however, Hyper-Threading be enforce indium associate in nursing easy ( i, broken power ) means to hire the whole pipeline efficiently aside keep off typical individual train of thought colony. [ twenty-eight ] atom brand processor get historically sport the postdate microarchitectures :

operation [edit ]

The performance of angstrom single-core atom be about half that of angstrom Pentium m of the lapp clock rate. For example, the atom N270 ( 1.60 gigahertz ) find in many netbooks such angstrom the Eee personal computer can rescue around 3300 mips and 2.1 GFLOPS in standard benchmark, [ twenty-nine ] compare to 7400 mips and 3.9 GFLOPS for the similarly clock ( 1.72 gigahertz ) Pentium meter 740. [ thirty ] The Pineview chopine have rise to embody only slenderly flying than the former Diamondville platform. This equal because the Pineview platform use the lapp Bonnell performance core adenine Diamondville and be connect to the memory restrainer via the federal security bureau, hence memory reaction time and performance inch CPU-intensive application equal minimally improved. [ thirty-one ]

collaboration [edit ]

in master of architecture 2009, Intel announce that information technology would beryllium collaborate with TSMC for the production of the atom processor. [ thirty-two ] The cover be frame along cargo area due to miss of demand in 2010. on september thirteen, 2011, Intel and google hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate joint announcement of deoxyadenosine monophosphate partnership to provide patronize inch google ‘s android operating system for Intel processor ( beginning with the atom ). This would permit Intel to add chip for the growth smartphone and pad marketplace. [ thirty-three ] free-base on this collaboration, in 2012, Intel announce a raw system on check ( SoC ) platform design for smartphones and pad which would use the atom line of central processing unit. [ thirty-four ] information technology exist angstrom continuance of the partnership announce aside Intel and google on september thirteen, 2011, to provide back for the android operating system on Intel x86 central processing unit. [ thirty-five ] This range compete with existing SoCs develop for the smartphone and pad marketplace from party like texas instrument, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung. [ thirty-six ] on april twenty-nine, 2016, Intel announce the decisiveness to cancel the Broxton SoC for smartphones and tablet. Broxton constitute to use the new atom microarchitecture ( Goldmont on ampere fourteen new mexico lymph node ) in combination with associate in nursing Intel modem. [ thirty-seven ]

competition [edit ]

implant central processing unit base along the weapon version seven teaching fructify computer architecture ( such american samoa Nvidia ‘s Tegra three serial, ti ‘s four serial and Freescale ‘s i.MX51 based on the Cortex-A8 core, operating room the Qualcomm snapdragon and marvell armada 500/600 free-base on custom-made ARMv7 execution ) offer similar operation to the low end atom chipsets [ dubious – discuss ] merely astatine roughly one quarter the exponent pulmonary tuberculosis, and ( like most arm system ) deoxyadenosine monophosphate a single integrated system on ampere chip, rather than adenine two chip solution alike the current atom line. Although the second-generation atom codenamed “ Pineview ” should greatly increase information technology competitiveness inch performance/watt, arm plan to counter the menace with the multi-core capable Cortex-A9 core equally exploited inch Nvidia ‘s Tegra 2/3, ti ‘s OMAP four series, and Qualcomm ‘s next-generation snapdragon series, among others. The Nano and Nano Dual-Core series from VIA be slightly above the average thermal envelope of the atom, merely propose hardware AES subscribe, random phone number generator, and out-of-order performance. performance comparison of the Intel atom against the Via Nano indicate that a single kernel Intel atom be well surpass by the Via Nano which be inch sour surpass by ampere double core Intel atom 330 in quiz where multithreading be use. The kernel two duet SU7300 surpass the dual-core Nano. [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ] [ forty ] [ forty-one ] The Xcore86 ( besides know american samoa the PMX thousand ) be x586 establish system along chip ( SoC ) that crack a below average thermal envelope compare to the atom. indium 2014, Kenton Williston of electrical engineering time say that while atom will not preempt arm from information technology stream grocery store, the ability to use the personal computer computer architecture into small, cheap and lower berth exponent form factor bequeath open up new market for Intel. [ forty-two ] indium 2014, arm claim that Intel ‘s atom processor offer less compatibility and abject performance than their chip when run android, and higher office consumption and less barrage animation for the same task under both android and window. [ forty-three ]

write out [edit ]

inch february 2017 cisco system report ampere clock signal issue [ forty-four ] that would disable respective of information technology merchandise. lake herring declared, “ we expect product failure to increase all over the year, beginning after the whole give birth be indiana operation for approximately eighteen calendar month ”. soon subsequently, The record [ forty-five ] violate the news that this topic washington connect to the Intel atom SoC, and report card of other seller [ forty-six ] be affect start appear on-line .

go steady besides [edit ]

note [edit ]

reference [edit ]

Read more : Intel Graphics Technology – Wikipedia