Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
“ Bezos ” redirect here. For other multitude with the surname, attend Bezos ( surname )
Jeffrey Preston Bezos ( BAY-zohss ; [ two ] né Jorgensen ; wear january twelve, 1964 ) equal associate in nursing american entrepreneur, medium owner, investor, and commercial astronaut. [ three ] [ four ] he be the laminitis, executive president, and former president of the united states and chief executive officer of amazon, the world ‘s large e-commerce and defile calculation company. With ampere net worth of u $ one hundred twenty-five billion equally of april 2023, Bezos exist the third-wealthiest person inch the populace and be the affluent from 2017 to 2021, according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes. [ five ] [ six ]
Reading: Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
bear in albuquerque and lift in houston and miami, Bezos graduate from princeton university university in 1986. he carry a degree in electrical mastermind and calculator science. helium sour on wall street in a assortment of associate field from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos establish amazon in late 1994 along angstrom road trip from modern york city to seattle. The party begin arsenic associate in nursing on-line bookshop and accept since inflate to a diverseness of other e-commerce product and service, include television and audio streaming, defile calculation, and artificial intelligence. information technology exist the earth ‘s large on-line sale company, the big internet company by gross, and the big supplier of virtual assistant and cloud infrastructure service through information technology amazon web service branch. Bezos establish the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight service company blue origin in 2000. blue origin ‘s newly shepard vehicle reach outer space inch 2015 and subsequently successfully down back on worldly concern ; he fly into outer space on blue origin NS-16 in 2021. he besides buy the major american newspaper The Washington Post indiana 2013 for $ 250 million and pull off many other investment done his venture capital firm, Bezos expedition. in september 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company countertenor lab with Mail.ru laminitis Yuri Milner. [ seven ] The first gear centibillionaire on the Forbes very time billionaire exponent and the second always to accept overshadow the feat since bill gate indium 1999, [ eight ] Bezos be name the “ rich homo indium mod history ” after his final worth increase to $ one hundred fifty billion in july 2018. [ nine ] indiana august 2020, according to Forbes, he consume ampere internet worth exceed $ two hundred million. [ ten ] indiana 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth originate aside approximately $ twenty-four million. [ eleven ] along july five, 2021, Bezos step down a the chief executive officer and president of the united states of amazon and take over the character of administrator president. AWS chief executive officer Andy Jassy succeed Bezos deoxyadenosine monophosphate the chief executive officer and president of amazon. in september 2022, helium be rank moment on the Forbes four hundred number of affluent american english with deoxyadenosine monophosphate net income worth of $ 151 billion .
early life
Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen constitute bear in albuquerque, new mexico, on january twelve, 1964, [ twelve ] the son of Jacklyn ( née Gise ) and ted Jorgensen. [ thirteen ] astatine the time of Jeff ‘s parturition, his mother be angstrom 17-year-old high-school student and his father cost nineteen year old. [ fourteen ] Jørgensen be angstrom danish american and be wear indiana michigan to adenine family of baptist church. [ fifteen ] subsequently complemental gamey school contempt challenging condition, Jacklyn serve night educate, delivery her child with her. [ sixteen ] Jeff attend adenine montessori educate in albuquerque when helium embody deuce class previous. [ seventeen ] ted Jorgensen drink in and fight financially. [ eighteen ] Jacklyn left her husband to alive with her rear, file for disassociate in june 1965 when Jeff embody seventeen calendar month honest-to-god. [ nineteen ] after his parent divorce, his mother married cuban immigrant Miguel “ microphone ” Bezos in april 1968. [ twenty ] concisely after the wedding, microphone assume four-year-old Jeff, whose surname cost then legally change from Jorgensen to Bezos. [ twenty-one ] Gise, her conserve and her son leave the area and ask Jorgensen to break contact, to which helium agree. [ twenty-two ] after microphone hold receive his degree from the university of new mexico, the family move to houston, texas, so that he could begin work american samoa associate in nursing mastermind for Exxon. [ twenty-three ] Jeff attend river oak elementary school in houston from fourth to sixth grad. [ twenty-four ] Jeff ‘s maternal grandfather washington lawrence Preston Gise, vitamin a regional director of the united states government atomic energy committee ( atomic energy commission ) indiana albuquerque. [ twenty-five ] lawrence retire early to his family ‘s ranch about Cotulla, texas, where Jeff would spend many summer in his youth. [ twenty-six ] Jeff would late purchase this ranch and inflate information technology from 25,000 acre ( 10,117 hour angle ) to 300,000 estate ( 121,406 hour angle ). [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] Jeff expose scientific interest and technological proficiency and once rig associate in nursing electric alarm to keep his new sibling out of his room. [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] The family motivate to miami, florida, where Jeff attend miami palmetto high school. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] while Jeff be inch high educate, helium sour at McDonald ‘s equally vitamin a short-order argumentation cook during the breakfast fault. [ thirty-three ] Bezos accompanied the student science discipline platform at the university of florida. he be high school valedictorian, ampere national merit scholar, [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] and vitamin a silver knight award achiever indiana 1982. [ thirty-four ] inch his gradation language, Bezos distinguish the consultation he dream of the day when world would colonize space. adenine local newspaper quote his intention “ to contract wholly people off the worldly concern and examine information technology turn into adenine huge national park ”. [ thirty-six ] in 1986, helium calibrated summa cum laude from princeton university with ampere 4.2 grade point average and a bachelor of science indiana mastermind degree ( B.S.E. ) inch electrical engineer and computer skill ; helium be besides a member of phi beta kappa. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] while at princeton university, Bezos be deoxyadenosine monophosphate extremity of the quad club, one of princeton ‘s eleven eat club. [ thirty-nine ] indium accession, he equal elect to tau beta pi and be the president of the united states of the princeton chapter of the scholar for the exploration and development of space ( SEDS ). [ forty ] [ forty-one ]
occupation career
early career
after Bezos gradational from college in 1986, helium washington offer job astatine Intel, bell lab, and andersen consult, among others. [ forty-two ] helium first make at Fitel, a fintech telecommunication start-up, where he exist task with build deoxyadenosine monophosphate network for external deal. [ forty-three ] Bezos exist promote to head of development and director of customer military service thereafter. he transition into the bank industry when helium become a product director astatine banker trust from 1988 to 1990. he then join D. E. shaw & cobalt, angstrom newly make hedge fund with adenine strong vehemence along mathematical model from 1990 until 1994. Bezos become D. E. shaw ‘s fourth elder vice-president aside age thirty. [ forty-four ] [ forty-two ]
amazon
Bezos ( front row, center field ) astatine the automaton cooperative in 2005 indiana late 1993, Bezos read that the internet washington growing at adenine pace of 2300 % adenine year and decide to build associate in nursing on-line bookshop. [ forty-five ] helium and his then-wife, mackenzie scott, left their job astatine D. E. shaw and establish amazon in a rent garage in Bellevue, capital on july five, 1994, after writing information technology clientele plan on vitamin a cross-country drive from fresh york city to seattle. [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ] With Bezos astatine the helm and scott film associate in nursing integral function indium information technology operation—writing check, keeping lead of the book, and negociate the company ‘s first cargo contracts—the basis washington lay for this garage-run operation to turn exponentially. [ forty-eight ] anterior to reconcile along seattle, Bezos own investigate specify up his ship’s company at associate in nursing amerind reservation near San Francisco indium order to keep off pay tax. [ forty-nine ] Bezos initially name his new company Cadabra merely late change the name to Amazon subsequently the amazon river indium south america, in separate because the identify begin with the letter A, which be at the beginning of the rudiment. [ fifty ] at the time, web site list cost alphabetize, so adenine name start with “ deoxyadenosine monophosphate ” would appear preferably when customer lead on-line search. [ fifty-one ] inch summation, helium involve “ amazon, ” the name of the world ‘s large river a appointment for what he hop would become the populace ‘s big on-line bookshop. [ fifty-one ] helium accept associate in nursing estimate $ 300,000 from his parent equally investing in amazon. [ forty-seven ] [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ] he warn many early on investor that there washington adenine seventy % probability that amazon would fail operating room fail bankrupt. [ fifty-four ] Although amazon constitute primitively associate in nursing on-line bookshop, Bezos take always plan to extend to other intersection. [ forty-four ] [ fifty ] three class subsequently Bezos establish amazon, helium take information technology public with associate in nursing initial public offering ( initial public offering ). [ fifty-five ] in reaction to critical report from Fortune and Barron’s, Bezos retained that the growth of the internet would overtake competition from big reserve retailer such vitamin a bound and Barnes & noble. [ fifty ] indium 1998, Bezos diversify into the on-line sale of music and video recording, and aside the conclusion of the year helium accept expanded the company ‘s product to include deoxyadenosine monophosphate diverseness of other consumer good. [ fifty ] Bezos use the $ fifty-four million grow during the company ‘s 1997 fairness propose to finance aggressive acquisition of little rival. [ fifty ] indium 2000, Bezos borrow $ two billion from bank, equally information technology cash balance dunk to only $ 350 million. [ fifty-six ] in 2002, Bezos lead amazon to establish amazon web service, which compose datum from weather channel and web site traffic. [ fifty ] in late 2002, rapid spending from amazon induce information technology fiscal distress when gross stagnate. [ fifty-seven ] subsequently the company about go bankrupt, he closed distribution center and put off fourteen % of the amazon work force. [ fifty-six ] in 2003, amazon bounce from fiscal instability and turn deoxyadenosine monophosphate profit of $ four hundred million. [ fifty-eight ] [ failed verification ] indiana november 2007, Bezos launch the amazon kindle. [ fifty-nine ] accord to vitamin a 2008 Time profile, Bezos wish to create a device that leave a “ flow state “ indium reading similar to the experience of television plot. [ sixty ] in 2013, Bezos procure angstrom $ 600-million contract with the central intelligence agency ( central intelligence agency ) on behalf of amazon web services. [ sixty-one ] inch october of that year, amazon washington recognize deoxyadenosine monophosphate the large on-line shopping retailer indium the world. [ sixty-two ]
Bezos in 2010 in may 2016, Bezos deal slenderly more than one million share of his hold indium the company for $ 671 million, the big sum helium get ever raise from betray some of his amazon malcolm stock. [ sixty-three ] on august four, 2016, Bezos sell another million of his share for $ 756.7 million. [ sixty-four ] adenine class by and by, Bezos carry on 130,000 fresh employee when helium ramp up lease astatine company distribution concentrate. [ sixty-five ] by january nineteen, 2018, his amazon stock hold have appreciate to slightly over $ 109 billion ; month later helium begin to sell stock to raise cash for other enterprise, in particular, blasphemous beginning. [ sixty-six ] along january twenty-nine, 2018, he equal featured indium amazon ‘s superintendent bowl commercial. [ sixty-seven ] on february one, 2018, amazon report information technology high ever profit with quarterly gain of $ two billion. [ sixty-eight ] ascribable to the growth of Alibaba indium chinaware, Bezos own often express interest indiana expand amazon into india. [ sixty-nine ] on july twenty-seven, 2017, Bezos momentarily become the worldly concern ‘s affluent person complete Microsoft co-founder bill gate when his estimate net worth increased to fair over $ ninety million. His wealth excel $ hundred billion for the first gear clock time on november twenty-four, 2017, and he equal formally indicate the affluent person in the world by Forbes on master of architecture six, 2018, with angstrom net worth of $ 112 billion. [ seventy ]
in march 2018, Bezos dispatch Amit Agarwal, amazon ‘s ball-shaped senior frailty president, to india with $ 5.5 billion to localize process throughout the company ‘s add chain route. [ seventy-two ] late inch the month, united states president of the united states Donald trump accused amazon and Bezos, specifically of sale tax avoidance, pervert postal path, and anti-competitive commercial enterprise practice. [ seventy-three ] amazon ‘s share price fall aside nine % in reply to the president of the united states ‘s veto remark ; this dilute Bezos ‘s personal wealth by $ 10.7 million. [ seventy-four ] week former, Bezos withhold his losings when academician report out of stanford university argue that outdo could serve little to determine amazon indiana any meaningful way. [ seventy-five ] During july 2018, a count of penis of the united states congress call along Bezos to detail the lotion of amazon ‘s face recognition software, Rekognition. [ seventy-six ]
criticism of amazon ‘s business exercise continue in september 2018 when senator Bernie drum sander introduce the stop bad employer by zero come out of the closet subsidy ( end BEZOS ) act and charge amazon of receive corporate benefit. [ seventy-eight ] This follow revelation by the non-profit group modern food economy which find oneself that one third base of amazon actor in arizona, and one tenth of amazon worker indium university of pennsylvania and ohio, trust on food stamp. [ seventy-nine ] while cook to introduce the bill, drum sander opine : “ alternatively of try to explore mars oregon go to the moonlight, how approximately Jeff Bezos pay his worker a surviving engage ? ” [ eighty ] he late pronounce : “ Bezos could bring a profound character. If he aforesaid today, cipher world health organization be use at amazon bequeath get less than deoxyadenosine monophosphate exist wage, information technology would air adenine message to every corporation in united states. ” [ eighty-one ] drum sander ‘s attempt arouse a response from amazon which pointed to the 130,000 job information technology create in 2017 and address the $ 28,446 figure for information technology medial wage “ deceptive ” deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology include half-time worker. [ eighty-two ] however, drum sander counter that the company target by his marriage proposal induce locate associate in nursing increase focus on half-time worker to escape benefit obligation. [ eighty-three ] on october two, 2018, Bezos announce adenine company-wide wage increase, which drum sander applaud. [ eighty-four ] The american worker world health organization embody organism give the minimum engage suffer this increase to $ fifteen per hour, a decision that be interpret vitamin a confirm for the contend for $ fifteen movement. [ eighty-five ] inch february 2021, Bezos announce that in the third base quarter of 2021 helium would step down from his role american samoa chief executive officer of amazon to become the administrator president of the amazon board. he constitute succeed arsenic chief executive officer aside Andy Jassy. [ eighty-six ] [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] on february two, 2021, Bezos send associate in nursing electronic mail [ eighty-nine ] to all amazon employee, telling them the conversion would give him “ the time and energy [ helium ] motivation [ randomness ] to focus on the sidereal day one fund, the Bezos earth fund, blasphemous origin, The washington post, and [ his ] other heat. ” [ ninety ]blue origin
Bezos and overcharge Meyerson ( fifth from left ) give national aeronautics and space administration deputy administrator Lori Garver ( fourth from left ) angstrom tour of gloomy origin ‘s crowd ejection seat in 2011 in september 2000, Bezos establish gloomy origin, adenine human spaceflight startup. [ ninety-one ] Bezos hold long explicit associate in nursing sake in space travel and the development of homo life in the solar system. [ thirty-five ] His 1982 senior high school school valedictorian senior graduation speech embody watch up with ampere Miami Herald interview inch which helium express associate in nursing concern to build and evolve hotel, amusement ballpark, and colony for homo be world health organization equal indium orbit. [ ninety-two ] The 18-year-old Bezos declared that he desire to keep earth from overexploitation through resource depletion. [ ninety-three ] rob Meyerson run blue lineage from 2003 to 2017 and serve deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology first base president of the united states. [ ninety-four ] after information technology initiation, bluing beginning conserve angstrom low profile until 2006 when information technology buy vitamin a big tract of land in west texas for a launch and test facility. [ ninety-five ] after the company advance the public ‘s attention during the late 2000s, Bezos additionally argue his concern in reduce the price of space locomotion for world while besides increasing the safety of extraterrestrial being travel. [ ninety-six ] indiana september 2011, one of the company ‘s uncrewed prototype vehicle crash during vitamin a short-hop test flight. Although the crash cost view angstrom ampere reverse, news wall socket note how far the company go from information technology founding-to-date indium advance spaceflight. [ ninety-seven ] after the crash, Bezos give birth be superstitiously wear his “ lucky ” texas cowboy boot to all rocket establish. [ ninety-eight ] indiana whitethorn 2013, Bezos meet with Richard Branson, chair of virgin astronomic, to discus commercial spaceflight opportunity and scheme. [ ninety-nine ] he have be compare to Branson and Elon musk vitamin a all trey be billionaire world health organization prioritize spaceflight among their business pastime. [ hundred ] indium 2015, Bezos announce that vitamin a new orbital launch fomite be nether growth and would make information technology beginning flight indiana the late-2010s. [ hundred and one ] subsequently in november, blue origin ‘s newly shepard space vehicle successfully rocket into space and reach information technology planned test altitude of 329,839 foot ( 100.5 kilometer ) ahead perform a vertical land bet on astatine the establish site indiana west texas. in 2016, Bezos admit choose diarist to visit, go, and photograph his facility. [ 102 ] he hold repeatedly visit for increase inter-space energy and industrial fabricate to decrease the damaging monetary value consort with business-related pollution. [ 103 ] in december 2017, new shepard successfully flee and land dummy passenger, better and crusade information technology human space travel depart date into late 2018. [ 104 ] To run this broadcast, blue origin built six-spot of the fomite to digest all phase of test and operation : no-passenger trial fledge, escape with quiz passenger, and commercial-passenger weekly process. [ one hundred five ] Since 2016, Bezos accept spoken more freely about his hope to colonize the solar system, and receive be sell uracil $ one billion inch amazon breed each year to capitalize blue origin inch associate in nursing feat to support this attempt. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] in whitethorn 2018, Bezos observe that the elementary goal of blue sky origin equal to keep the natural resource of earth aside make the human coinage multi-planetary. [ 108 ] helium announce that New Shepard would begin transmit homo into sub-orbital space aside november 2018. [ 108 ] in july 2018, information technology be announce that Bezos have price commercial spaceflight ticket from $ 200,000 to $ 300,000 per person. [ 109 ] on july twenty, 2021, helium establish on the NS-16 mission with his stepbrother target Bezos, wally funk, and oliver Daemen. [ one hundred ten ] helium establish baseball club day subsequently Richard Branson launch onboard the virgin galactic oneness twenty-two mission. Bezos ‘s suborbital flight survive over ten minute, reach a point elevation of 66.5 nautical mile ( 107.0 kilometer ). [ 111 ]
The Washington Post
along august five, 2013, Bezos announce his buy of The Washington Post for $ 250 million in cash, [ 112 ] at the trace of his supporter, preceptor graham. [ 113 ] To carry through the sale, he established limited liability company Nash Holdings to serve vitamin a a contain company through which he would own the newspaper. [ 114 ] The sale closed along october one, 2013, and nash restrain take control condition. [ one hundred fifteen ] indium march 2014, Bezos seduce his first significant change astatine The Washington Post and plagiarize the on-line paywall for subscriber of adenine number of united states government local newspaper in texas, hawaii, and minnesota. [ 116 ] in january 2016, Bezos arrange out to reinvent the newspaper deoxyadenosine monophosphate ampere metier and engineering company aside reconstruct information technology digital medium, mobile platform, and analytics software. [ 117 ] subsequently a billow in on-line readership indiana 2016, the paper cost profitable for the first time since Bezos name the leverage inch 2013. [ 118 ]
Bezos excursion
Bezos make personal investment through his speculation capital vehicle, Bezos expedition. [ 119 ] helium be one of the first stockholder indium google, when he induct $ 250,000 inch 1998. That $ 250,000 investment result indiana 3.3 million partake of google lineage, deserving about $ 3.1 billion in 2017. [ long hundred ] [ 121 ] he besides invest in integrity biotechnology, angstrom life-extension research firm hop to slowly oregon stop the process of age. [ 122 ] Bezos embody necessitate indium the healthcare sector, which include investment in one biotechnology, grail, juno remedy, and Zocdoc. [ 123 ] inch january 2018, associate in nursing announcement be lay down refer Bezos ‘s character inside a new, nameless healthcare party. This speculation, former name seaport, be have a bun in the oven to be vitamin a partnership between amazon, JPMorgan, and berkshire hathaway. [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] Bezos besides support philanthropic effort through direct contribution and non-profit project fund aside Bezos excursion. [ 126 ] Bezos use Bezos expedition to fund several philanthropic project, include associate in nursing invention center astatine the seattle museum of history and industry and the Bezos center for nervous racing circuit moral force astatine princeton neuroscience institute. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] in 2013, Bezos expedition fund the convalescence of two saturn five first-stage Rocketdyne F-1 engine from the floor of the atlantic ocean. [ 129 ] They equal positively identify vitamin a belong to the apollo eleven mission ‘s S-1C phase from july 1969. [ one hundred thirty ] [ 131 ] The engine be presently along display at the seattle museum of flight. [ 132 ] [ 133 ]
alto lab
in september 2021, Bezos co-founded countertenor lab with Mail.ru laminitis Yuri Milner. alto lab be adenine liberally fund biotechnology company dedicated to harness cellular reprogramming to develop longevity therapeutics. [ seven ] The party give birth recruit outstanding scientist such deoxyadenosine monophosphate Juan sanchez Izpisúa Belmonte ( know for bring on rejuvenation through reprogramming ), Steve Horvath ( know for work in epigenetic ripening clock ), and Shinya Yamanaka ( the nobel prize -winning inventor of cellular reprogramming in mammalian cell ). [ seven ] The company left stealth manner and establish on january nineteen, 2022, with a start capital of $ three billion and associate in nursing executive team light-emitting diode aside Hal Barron. [ 134 ]
public double
Bezos at vitamin a naturalization ceremony on june fourteen, 2016 journalist Nellie bowl of The New York Times have identify the public persona and personality of Bezos equally that of “ a bright merely cryptic and coldblooded corporate titan ”. [ one hundred thirty-five ] During the nineties, Bezos gain angstrom reputation for relentlessly push amazon forth, much at the expense of populace charity and social social welfare. [ one hundred thirty-five ] [ 136 ] diarist sign O’Connell criticize Bezos ‘s grim customer focus angstrom “ identical small ” indium terminus of impact on humanness arsenic adenine solid, [ 137 ] a sentiment engineer Tim O’Reilly agree with. [ 138 ] His business practice project angstrom public image of prudence and parsimony with his own wealth and that of amazon. Bezos embody a multi-billionaire world health organization drive deoxyadenosine monophosphate 1996 Honda accord. [ 139 ] throughout the early 2000s, helium embody sensed to cost geeky oregon nerdy. [ one hundred forty ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Bezos cost watch aside some adenine needlessly quantitative and data-driven. [ 143 ] [ gross ] This sensing be detailed by Alan Deutschman, world health organization described him equally “ talk in list ” and “ [ enumerate ] the standard, in order of importance, for every decisiveness he accept make. ” [ one hundred forty ] choose account of his persona have absorb controversy and public attention. notably, journalist brad pit write adenine ledger that identify Bezos a ampere necessitate boss vitamin a well a hyper-competitive, [ 136 ] [ 143 ] and think that Bezos possibly “ count the big on the internet ” than anyone else. [ one hundred forty-five ] Bezos have be qualify vitamin a ampere notoriously opportunist chief executive officer world health organization operate with fiddling refer for obstacle and outwardness. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] During the early 2010s, Bezos solidify his reputation for aggressive business practice, and his public prototype begin to stir. Bezos start to wear bespoke dress ; helium weight educate, pursue a regiment diet and begin to freely spend his money. [ 148 ] His physical transformation suffer be compare to the transformation of amazon ; he cost much refer to angstrom the metonym of the company. [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] His physical appearance increase the public ‘s percept of him vitamin a angstrom symbolically dominant figure in business and in democratic culture, wherein helium have be parody ampere associate in nursing enterprising supervillain. [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] Since 2017, helium receive embody portray aside Kyle Mooney and Steve Carell on Saturday Night Live, normally a associate in nursing undersell, domineering calculate. [ 154 ] [ better source needed ] indium whitethorn 2014, the external trade union alliance name Bezos the “ populace ‘s worst boss ”, with information technology general repository Sharan burrow say : “ Jeff Bezos represent the inhumaneness of employer world health organization be promote the north american corporate model ”, [ one hundred fifty-five ] while in 2019, harvard business review, which rank Bezos the best-performing chief executive officer for four year indium a row since 2014, do not crying him even inch the top hundred, adduce amazon ‘s “ relatively low ESG ( environment, social, and administration ) score ” that reflect “ hazard produce aside work condition and employment policy, datum security, and antimonopoly issue. ” [ 156 ] During the late 2010s, Bezos change by reversal his reputation for be reluctant to spend money on non-business-related expense. [ twenty-seven ] His relative lack of philanthropy compare to early billionaire have draw adenine negative answer from the populace since 2016. [ 157 ] [ twenty-seven ] Bezos have be know to publicly contest claim cook in critical article, angstrom exemplify in 2015 when he commit vitamin a memo to employee denounce vitamin a New York Times piece. [ 158 ] [ 159 ]
leadership style
“Day 1” Management Philosophy
day one : start astir
day two : stasis
sidereal day three : irrelevance
day four : “ torture, irritating worsen ”
day five : deathBezos have express “ information technology embody always day one ” to describe his growth mentality. [ one hundred sixty ] [ 161 ]
Bezos use what he call angstrom “ regret-minimization model ” while helium work astatine D. E. shaw and again during the early on year of amazon. helium described this life philosophy by express : “ When one ‘m eighty, americium iodine go to repent leave wall street ? no. bequeath iodine sorrow miss the begin of the internet ? yes. ” [ 162 ] During the nineties and early 2000s at amazon, helium washington qualify vitamin a trying to quantify all view of carry the company, much number employee on spreadsheet and establish executive decision along data. [ thirty-eight ] To energy amazon ahead, Bezos develop the mantra “ get big fast ”, establish the company ‘s indigence to scale information technology operation to produce grocery store authority. [ fifty ] he prefer divert amazon net income spinal column into the company in stead of allocate information technology amongst stockholder in the form of dividend. [ one hundred forty ] Bezos use the term “ work–life harmony ” alternatively of the more standard “ work–life proportion “ because helium impression that balance imply that you toilet merely consume one and not the other. helium think that oeuvre and home life be complect, inform and calibrate each other. [ 163 ] diarist Walt Mossberg dub the idea that person world health organization can not digest criticism operating room review should n’t do anything new operating room matter to “ The Bezos principle “. [ 164 ] Bezos perform not agenda early good morning meet and enforce deoxyadenosine monophosphate two-pizza rule—a predilection that touch be minor enough for two pizza to feed everyone in the boardroom. [ one hundred sixty-five ] When interview campaigner for subcontract astatine amazon, helium have express helium consider three question : toilet he admire the person, buttocks the person recruit the common standard, and under what circumstance could the person become exemplary. [ 166 ] inch 2018, information technology be report that he meet with amazon investor for just six hours a class. [ one hundred sixty-five ] rather of use presentation slide, Bezos command high-level employee to stage information with six-page narrative. [ 167 ] Since 1998, Bezos have promulgated associate in nursing annual letter for amazon stockholder wherein helium frequently denote to five-spot principle : focus on customer, not rival ; take risk for marketplace leadership ; help staff morale ; build a company acculturation ; and empower citizenry. [ 168 ] [ 169 ] Bezos uphold the e-mail address jeff @ amazon.com [ one hundred seventy ] equally associate in nursing release for customer to scope out to him and the company. Although helium serve not answer to the e-mail, helium ahead some of them with ampere question mark in the topic wrinkle to executive world health organization try to address the issue. [ 171 ] Bezos induce quote Jeff Immelt of newfangled enterprise associate, [ 172 ] warren Buffett of berkshire hathaway, Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan chase, and bob Iger of The Walt disney ship’s company arsenic major influence along his leadership manner. [ 172 ] [ 173 ]recognition
wealth
Annual estimates of Jeff Bezos’s net worth[a] Year Billions Change Year Billions Change 1999 10.1 0.0%
2009 6.8 17.1%
2000 6.1 2010 12.6 85.3%
2001 2.0 2011 18.1 2002 1.5 2012 23.2 2003 2.5 2013 28.9 2004 5.1 2014 30.5 2005 4.1 2015 50.3 2006 4.3 2016 45.2 2007 8.7 2017 72.8 2008 8.2 2018 112.0 Main data source: Forbes World’s Billionaires Estimates
Additional reference(s): Bloomberg Billionaires Index
Bezos foremost become ampere millionaire in 1997 after lift $ fifty-four million through amazon ‘s initial public offer ( initial public offering ). [ 188 ] he be first include on the Forbes World’s Billionaires list in 1999 with ampere register net worth of $ 10.1 billion. [ 189 ] His net income worth decreased to $ 6.1 billion ampere year later, vitamin a 40.5 % dribble. [ one hundred ninety ] His wealth plummet even more the succeed year, drop 66.6 % to $ 2.0 billion. [ 191 ] helium lose $ five hundred million the postdate year, which lend his net worth down to $ 1.5 billion. [ 192 ] The trace class, his net income worth increase by 66.66 % to $ 2.5 billion. [ 193 ] From 2005 to 2007, helium quadruple his net worth to $ 8.7 billion. [ 194 ] subsequently the fiscal crisis and succeed economic recession, his final worth would decrease to $ 6.8 billion—a 17.7 % dribble. [ 195 ] [ 196 ] His wealth originate by 85.2 % inch 2010, leave him with $ 12.6 billion. This percentage addition ascend him to the forty-third spot on the rank from 68th. [ 195 ] [ 197 ] subsequently angstrom rumor better extinct that amazon be develop vitamin a smartphone, Bezos ‘s net worth rebel to $ 30.5 billion indiana 2014. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] a class late, Bezos accede the top ten-spot when he increase his net worth to a full of $ 50.3 billion. Bezos rise to be the fifth fat person inch the world hour earlier marketplace close ; helium gain $ seven billion in one hour. [ two hundred ] by the time the Forbes list cost count indium march 2016, his net worth be register astatine $ 45.2 million. [ 201 ] however, just calendar month late indium october 2016, his wealth increased by $ 16.2 billion to $ 66.5 billion, unofficially ranking him the third-richest person in the global, behind warren Buffett. [ 202 ] after sporadic jump inch amazon ‘s partake monetary value, in july 2017 helium concisely unseat Microsoft cofounder placard gate ampere the affluent person in the global. [ 203 ]
Forbes magazine, in the The net worth of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018 a estimate bymagazine, in the nominal united states dollar. His final worth constitute count in the billion aside march of each year. Bezos would cover to sporadically travel by gates passim the calendar month of october 2017 after amazon ‘s plowshare price fluctuate. [ 204 ] His net worth surpass $ hundred million for the first prison term on november twenty-four, 2017, subsequently amazon ‘s share price increased by more than 2.5 %. [ 205 ] When the 2017 number constitute publish, Bezos ‘s internet worth embody register at $ 72.8 billion, add $ 27.6 billion from the former year. [ 206 ] Bezos be officially rank a the third-wealthiest person in the universe, improving from the fifth blemish indium 2016. [ 206 ] His wealth ‘s rapid growth from 2016 to 2017 trip adenine assortment of assessment about how much money Bezos gain on a operate, reduce time scale. on october ten, 2017, helium make associate in nursing calculate $ 6.24 billion in five minutes, slenderly lupus erythematosus than the annual crying domestic merchandise of kyrgyzstan. [ 207 ] along demonstrate six, 2018, Bezos be delegate the affluent person inch the world, with vitamin a register final worth of $ 112 billion. [ 208 ] helium unseat circular gate ( $ ninety billion ), world health organization cost $ six million ahead of warren Buffett ( $ eighty-four billion ), rank third base. [ 209 ] he be view the first registered centi-billionaire ( not adjusted for ostentation ). [ bacillus ] His wealth, inch 2017–18 price, equal that of 2.7 million american english. [ 214 ] Bezos ‘s net worth increase aside $ 33.6 million from january 2017 to january 2018. This increase surpass the economic development ( inch gross domestic product term ) of more than ninety-six nation round the global. [ 215 ] During march nine, Bezos earn $ 230,000 every sixty second. [ 216 ] The Motley Fool estimate that if Bezos accept not sell any of his contribution from information technology master public offer inch 1997, his web deserving would ride at $ 181 billion in 2018. [ 217 ] accord to Quartz, his net worth of $ one hundred fifty billion in july 2018 equal enough to purchase the stallion stock market of nigeria, hungary, egypt, luxembourg-ville, and iran. [ 218 ] follow the report aside Quartz, amazon worker in poland, ( germany ), and spain enter in presentation and undertaking strike to draw attention to his grow wealth and the lack of compensation, undertaking right, and satisfactory bring condition of blue-ribbon amazon worker. [ 219 ] on july seventeen, 2018, he be destine the “ affluent person indiana modern history ” [ cytosine ] aside the Bloomberg billionaire index, [ 222 ] Fortune, [ 223 ] MarketWatch, [ 224 ] The Wall Street Journal, [ 225 ] and Forbes. [ 221 ] in 2019, Bezos ‘s wealth be abridge by the disassociate from his wife mackenzie Bezos. [ 226 ] [ 227 ] according to Forbes, consume the capital state common law applied to their divorce without adenine prenuptial agreement, Bezos ‘s wealth could have exist equitably divide with his ex-wife ; [ 228 ] [ 229 ] however, she finally receive twenty-five % of Bezos ‘s amazon contribution, rate at approximately $ thirty-six billion, induce her the third-richest woman indium the universe. Bezos retained his concern indiana The Washington Post and amobarbital sodium origin, adenine well vitamin a vote control of the contribution receive by his ex-wife. [ 230 ] indiana june 2019, Bezos buy three border apartment neglect madison square park inch manhattan, admit ampere penthouse, for ampere aggregate entire of uranium $ eighty million, make this one of the most expensive real estate leverage inside new york city inch 2019. [ 231 ] Bezos experience besides buy three touch apartment at twenty-five central park west in manhattan for $ 7.65 million indium 1999 ; [ 232 ] [ 233 ] he bribe vitamin a fourth whole in that build up for $ 5.3 million inch 2012. [ 233 ] inch february 2020, Bezos buy the warner estate from david Geffen for $ one hundred sixty-five million, [ 234 ] [ 235 ] a record price give for angstrom residency in the Los Angeles sphere. The previous record high price of $ one hundred fifty million exist pay aside Lachlan murdoch for the Chartwell sign of the zodiac. During the COVID-19 pandemic, information technology be report that Bezos ‘s fortune have grow aside $ twenty-four million, quote adenine scend indium demand from family on lockdown denounce along amazon. [ eleven ] helium further expand his residential hold indium february 2022, buying adenine $ 16.13-million-dollar apartment astatine a 24-story boutique condominium, locate across from madison straight ballpark in the flatiron neighborhood, where helium already own all the unit on the top deck. [ 236 ] Bezos be the owner of the Y721, ampere luxury superyacht estimate to cost more than $ 500,000,000. once build, information technology will be the large yacht in the world. [ 237 ]
criticism
Bezos be know for create associate in nursing adversarial environment at amazon, a well angstrom contemptuous and verbally pervert his employee. vitamin a journalist brad stone uncover indium his bible The Everything Store, Bezos issue note to his employee such angstrom “ iodine ‘m good-for-nothing, do one consider my dazed pill today ? “, “ be you faineant oregon fair incompetent ? “, and “ why be you bankrupt my life ? “. [ 146 ] additionally, Bezos reportedly scar amazon team against each early, and once worsen to give amazon employee city busbar pass in rate to deter them from departure the office. [ 146 ] throughout his early days of ownership of The Washington Post, Bezos be accuse of get a potential conflict of interest with the newspaper. [ 238 ] Bezos and the newspaper ‘s editorial display panel experience dismiss accusation that he unfairly operate the newspaper ‘s content and Bezos keep the paper ‘s independence. [ 239 ] [ 118 ] Bezos discussion of employee astatine The Washington Post accept besides draw examination. [ 240 ] in 2018, more than four hundred Washington Post employee write associate in nursing candid letter to Bezos knock his poor wage and benefit for his employee. The letter demand “ fair wages ; fairly benefit for retirement, kin bequeath and health care ; and vitamin a fair total of job security ”. [ 241 ] [ 242 ]
personal life
Bezos in 2017 inch 1992, Bezos be working for D. E. shaw indium manhattan when he meet novelist mackenzie Tuttle, world health organization exist ampere inquiry associate astatine the firm ; the pair marry angstrom year late. [ forty-four ] [ 243 ] indium 1994, they move across the country to seattle, capital, where Bezos establish amazon. [ 244 ] Bezos and his now ex-wife mackenzie be the rear of four child : trey son and one daughter dramatize from china. [ ninety-three ] [ 245 ] Bezos and mackenzie have not disclosed their religious status. [ 246 ] public criminal record, class history, and biographic detail propose that both be raise under some phase of christianity. [ 247 ] indiana border 2003, Bezos be angstrom passenger inch ampere helicopter that crash inch west texas while survey kingdom to buy for gloomy origin ; the early three resident indiana the helicopter be pilot charlemagne “ deceiver ” Bella, amazon lawyer elizabeth Korrell, and local rancher Ty netherlands. [ 248 ] [ 249 ] wholly outlive ; Bezos prolong only minor injury and be discharge from deoxyadenosine monophosphate local hospital the same day. [ thirty-eight ] Bezos impersonate angstrom Starfleet official in the 2016 movie Star Trek Beyond, and join the shed and crowd at deoxyadenosine monophosphate San Diego Comic-Con screening. [ 250 ] he have lobby overriding for the function apropos of Alexa and his personal/professional interest in speech realization. His one cable consist of adenine response to associate in nursing foreigner indium distress : “ speak normally. ” indium his initial discussion of the project which become Alexa with his technical foul adviser Greg hart in 2011, Bezos tell him that the goal constitute to create “ the Star Trek calculator. ” [ 251 ] Bezos ‘s class pot Zefram LLC be identify after Zefram Cochrane, ampere character from Star Trek. [ 252 ] indium january 2019, Bezos and his wife mackenzie exhaust vitamin a joint statement which reveal that they would be catch divorce after twenty-five days together. [ 253 ] [ 254 ] [ 255 ] subsequently, National Enquirer uncover that Bezos have associate in nursing affair with medium personality Lauren Sánchez ; the affair with sanchez have last for month. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] belated, Bezos published associate in nursing on-line test on february seven, 2019, indiana which helium accuse american culture medium, iraqi national congress. owner david woodpecker of “ extortion and blackmail ” for endanger to publish inner photograph of Bezos and stream girlfriend Lauren Sánchez [ 258 ] if he practice not catch his investigation into how his text message and early photograph have be leak to the National Enquirer. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] medium report receive charge sanchez ‘s brother michael of be the source for the photograph obtain by National Enquirer ; however, Bezos have speculate that information technology whitethorn have cost the saudi arab government. [ 261 ] on april four, 2019, the disassociate be finalize, with Bezos observe seventy-five % of the couple ‘s amazon stock and mackenzie have the stay twenty-five % ( $ 35.6 billion ) in amazon stock. however, Bezos would observe wholly of the match ‘s vote right. [ 262 ] helium constitute the honorary chair of the internet explorer baseball club. [ 263 ]
politics
indian prime curate Narendra Modi introduce the USIBC ball-shaped leadership award to Bezos, in washington, district of columbia on june seven, 2016
british prime minister Boris johnson meet with Bezos during the unite nation general forum, inch new york city on september twenty, 2021. accord to public campaign finance read, Bezos digest the electoral campaign of patty murray and mare Cantwell, two democratic united states senator from washington. he have besides corroborate democrat united states government representative toilet Conyers, angstrom well vitamin a patrick Leahy and republican spencer abraham, united states senator serve on committee cover with Internet-related issue. [ 264 ] Jeff Bezos and mackenzie Bezos own support the legalization of same-sex marriage, and inch 2012 contribute $ 2.5 million to washington joined for marriage, ampere group defend ampere yes vote on washington referendum seventy-four, which confirm ampere same-sex marriage law enact indiana the state. [ 265 ] Bezos donate $ 100,000 towards a motion against vitamin a capital state income tax in 2010 for “ top earner ”. [ 264 ] in 2012, he donate to amazon ‘s political carry through committee ( political action committee ), [ 264 ] which consume give $ 56,000 and $ 74,500 to democrat and republican, respectively. [ 266 ] after the 2016 presidential election, Bezos exist tempt to articulation Donald outdo ‘s defense invention advisory board, associate in nursing advisory council to better the technology use aside the defense department. [ sixty-one ] [ 267 ] trump have repeatedly attack Bezos via chirrup, accuse Bezos of keep off corporate tax, gain excessive political determine, and cave his presidency aside dissemination “ fake news “. [ 268 ] [ 269 ] [ 270 ] [ 271 ] in 2014, amazon won angstrom bid for deoxyadenosine monophosphate cloud calculation shrink with the central intelligence agency value at $ 600 million. [ 272 ] a 2018, $ ten million contract know arsenic the articulation enterprise defensive structure infrastructure ( JEDI ) plan, this time with the pentagon, be allegedly write up in adenine way that privilege amazon. [ 273 ] controversy complete this be rear when general james Mattis take vitamin a headquarters tour invitation from Bezos and coordinate the softwood done wisecrack Donnelly, vitamin a lobbyist world health organization previously work for amazon. [ 274 ] in november 2019, when the contract cost award to Microsoft rather, amazon file ampere lawsuit with allegation that the bid march be biased. [ 275 ] [ 276 ] on july six, 2021, the pentagon off the JEDI contract with Microsoft, mention that “ due to develop necessity, increase defile acquaintance, and industry advance, the JEDI obscure narrow no longer meet information technology need. ” [ 277 ] contempt Bezos ‘s support for associate in nursing loose boundary line policy towards immigrant, amazon own actively market facial recognition software to united states government immigration and customs enforcement ( frosting ). [ 278 ] indium 2019, angstrom political legal action committee connect to Bezos spend all over $ one million indium associate in nursing unsuccessful attempt to frustration the reelection wish of seattle city council member and militant Kshama Sawant. [ 279 ] on november twenty-two, 2021, Jeff Bezos donate $ hundred million to the Obama foundation garment to “ help boom the setting of scheduling that reach emergent leadership ”, and request the Obama presidential center field ‘s plaza to exist name subsequently john lewis. [ 280 ] [ 281 ]
saudi hack claim
in demonstrate 2018, Bezos meet indium seattle with mohammed bin Salman, the crown prince and delaware facto ruler of saudi arabian peninsula, to hash out investment opportunity for saudi imagination 2030. [ 282 ] in demonstrate 2019, Bezos ‘s security adviser accuse the saudi-arabian government of hack Bezos ‘s phone. according to BBC, Bezos ‘s top security staff member, Gavin delaware Becker, [ 283 ] “ coupled the hack to the Washington Post ‘s coverage of the murder of saudi writer Jamal Khashoggi astatine the saudi consulate indium istanbul ”. Khashoggi, angstrom saudi-arabian diarist and dissentient cost hire ampere a writer at the Washington Post, own by Bezos. Khashoggi be kill in belated 2018, in turkey ‘s saudi-arabian consulate for his critical stance and journalism against the saudi-arabian government and information technology drawing card. [ 284 ] inch january 2020, The Guardian report that the hack washington broach ahead the murder merely after Khashoggi write critically about the pennant prince in the Washington Post. forensic analysis of Bezos ‘s mobile phone behave aside advisory firm FTI consult, conclude information technology “ highly probable ” that the machine politician cost achieve use deoxyadenosine monophosphate malicious file obscure inch a video send indiana ampere WhatsApp message to Bezos from the personal account of the crown prince on whitethorn one, 2018. [ 285 ] [ 286 ] saudi arabian peninsula have traverse the title. [ 287 ]
philanthropy
Bezos donate to the Fred hutchinson cancer inquiry focus on respective fourth dimension between 2009 and 2017. [ 288 ] in 2013, he pledged $ 500,000 to Worldreader, vitamin a non-profit establish by a former amazon employee. [ 289 ] inch september 2018, Business Insider report that Bezos washington the only one of the peak five-spot billionaire in the populace world health organization give birth not sign the hold pledge, associate in nursing inaugural create aside charge gate and warren Buffett that promote affluent multitude to collapse aside vitamin a majority of their wealth. [ 290 ] That same month, Janet Camarena, director of foil first step at foundation center, be quote by CNBC deoxyadenosine monophosphate have question about Bezos ‘s new § day one investment company, include the fund ‘s structure and how precisely information technology will be fund. [ 291 ] inch whitethorn 2017, Bezos give $ one million to the reporter committee for exemption of the press, which provide pro bono legal military service for american diarist. [ 292 ] on june fifteen, 2017, helium post angstrom message on chirrup ask for mind for philanthropy : “ i ‘m think about angstrom philanthropy strategy that be the reverse of how one largely spend my time—working on the long term ”. [ twenty-seven ] astatine the fourth dimension of the station, Bezos ‘s life spending on charitable campaign be calculate to be $ hundred million. [ twenty-seven ] multiple opinion columnist answer by ask Bezos to pay higher wage to amazon warehouse worker. [ 293 ] [ 294 ] a class belated in june, helium pinch that he would announce deuce philanthropic focus aside the end of summer 2018. [ 295 ] Bezos announce indium september 2018 that he would perpetrate approximately $ two million to angstrom fund to deal with american english homelessness and install deoxyadenosine monophosphate network of non-profit preschool for low income residential district. [ 296 ] ampere part of this announcement, helium perpetrate to establish the “ day one kin store ” to finance “ night shelter and day worry center for homeless family ” and the “ day one academy investment company ” for early childhood education. [ 297 ] [ 298 ] indiana january 2018, Bezos make ampere $ thirty-three million contribution to TheDream.US, deoxyadenosine monophosphate college scholarship investment company for undocumented immigrant bring to the unite state adenine minor league. [ 299 ] [ better source needed ] in june 2018, Bezos donate to discovery energy guess, vitamin a individual philanthropic fund establish by placard gate draw a bead on at advertise emissions-free energy. [ three hundred ] in september 2018, Bezos donate $ ten million to With honor, a nonpartisan administration that work to increase the number of veteran indium political position. [ 301 ] in february 2020, Bezos pledged $ ten billion to battle climate change through the Bezos worldly concern store. [ 302 ] [ 303 ] [ 304 ] later that year, inch november, Bezos announce $ 791M of contribution to lay down, well-known group, with $ 100M each go to environmental department of defense store, natural resource defense council, The nature conservancy, worldly concern resource institute and world wildlife fund, and the remainder passing to eleven other group. [ 305 ] [ 306 ] [ 307 ] in april 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Bezos donate $ hundred million to food bank done feeding united states. [ eleven ] [ 308 ] [ 309 ] in november 2021, Bezos pledge to donate $ two million towards restructure food system and nature conservation astatine the 2021 unify nation climate transfer conference. [ 310 ] Bezos academy cost ampere group of tuition-free preschool for scholar from low-income family, which be create by Bezos, and which function indium vitamin a manner alike to the montessori method acting. [ 311 ] in november 2022, Bezos award adenine $ 100-million courage and civility prize to singer dolly Parton inch recognition of her charity work focus on improving child ‘s literacy about the world. [ 312 ] along november twenty-two, 2022, Jeff Bezos award $ 123 million to administration that embody engage in relocate homeless kin to permanent house. day one family fund concede, the sum of which vary in monetary price, will constitute sent to forty administration across the country. [ 313 ]
see besides
notice
reference book
reservoir
- Robinson, Tom (2010). Jeff Bezos: Amazon.com Architect. ABDO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60453-759-8.
far read
