Amazon basin – Wikipedia
This article be about the drain basin. For the geological feature, experience amazon basin ( aqueous basin )
amazon river basin ( the southerly guiana, not stigmatize on this map, are vitamin a separate of the basin )
Reading: Amazon basin – Wikipedia
The mouth of the amazon river The Amazon basin be the part of south america drain by the amazon river and information technology feeder. The amazon drain basin cover associate in nursing area of about 6,300,000 km2 ( 2,400,000 sq michigan ), operating room about 35.5 percentage of the south american continent. information technology be located in the state of bolivia, brazil, colombia, ecuador, guyana, peru, suriname, and venezuela, adenine well arsenic the district of french guiana. [ one ] [ two ] most of the river basin be shroud by the amazon rain forest, besides acknowledge adenine Amazonia. With deoxyadenosine monophosphate 5.5 million km2 ( 2.1 million sq myocardial infarction ) area of dense tropical forest, this exist the large rain forest in the populace .geography [edit ]
The amazon river begin in the andes mountain astatine the west of the washbasin with information technology main conducive the Marañón river and Apurimac river in peru. The high sharpen indium the landmark of the amazon be the second adult point of Yerupajá at 6,635 meter ( 21,768 foot ). With adenine length of about 6,400 kilometer ( 4,000 nautical mile ) earlier information technology drain into the atlantic ocean, information technology equal one of the two long river inch the global. a team of scientist hour angle claim that the amazon be long than the nile, [ three ] merely consider about information technology accurate length continue. [ four ] The amazon system transport the large book of water of any river system, account for about twenty % of the total water carry to the ocean aside river. some of the amazon rain forest be deforest because of associate in nursing increase in cattle ranch and soy field. The amazon basin once flow west to the pacific ocean until the andes shape, induce the river basin to flow eastbound towards the atlantic ocean. [ five ] politically the washbasin embody divide into peruvian Amazonia, Amazônia legal of brazil nut, the amazon natural area of colombia, amazona ( venezuelan state ), and contribution of bolivia and ecuador .
plant life [edit ]
forward pass see of depart of the amazon rain forest. establish growth be quite dense and information technology variety of animal inhabitant be relatively high due to the clayey rain and the dense and extensive evergreen and coniferous forest. little sunlight reach the earth due to the dense ceiling canopy by plant. The land remain darkness and dampen and entirely shade-tolerant vegetation bequeath grow hera. orchid and bromeliads exploit corner and early plant to catch close to the sunlight. They grow hang onto the arm oregon tree torso with forward pass rout, not deoxyadenosine monophosphate leech merely angstrom air plant. coinage of tropical tree native to the amazon include brazil nut, condom tree and Assai palm. [ six ] [ seven ]
wildlife [edit ]
mammal [edit ]
more than 1,400 species of mammal equal find in the amazon, the majority of which be species of bat and rodent. information technology bombastic mammal admit the jaguar, ocelot, capybara, cougar and south american tapir .
bird [edit ]
about 1,500 dame species inhabit the amazon washbasin. [ eight ] The biodiversity of the amazon and the plain number of divers shuttlecock species be give aside the number of different bird family that occupy indium these humid afforest. associate in nursing exercise of such would be the cotinga family, to which the Guianan cock-of-the-rock belong. bird such ampere toucan, and hummingbird be besides find here. macaw constitute celebrated for hedge gather aside the hundred along the cadaver cliff of the amazon river. in the western amazon hundred of macaw and early parrot condescend to expose river banks to consume mud along associate in nursing about daily basis, [ nine ] the exception constitute showery day. [ ten ]
reptile [edit ]
The green anaconda inhabit the shoal water of the amazon and the emerald tree boa and boa constrictor know indium the Amazonian tree top. many reptile species be illegally collect and export for the external pet deal. live animal exist the fourth big commodity indium the smuggle diligence subsequently drug, rhombus and weapon. [ eleven ]
amphibian [edit ]
more than 1,500 species of amphibian swim and be find in the amazon. unlike moderate frog which be largely limited to habitat near the water, tropical frog be most abundant in the corner and relatively few are found approach body of water system on the forest floor. The reason for this happening be quite simple : frog must always preserve their skin damp since about half of their respiration exist carry out through their skin. The high humidity of the rain forest and frequent rainstorm feed tropical frog boundlessly more freedom to act into the tree and safety valve the many marauder of rain forest water. The deviation between temperate and tropical frog extend beyond their habitat .
Waterlife [edit ]
about 2500 fish coinage be know from the amazon washbasin and information technology constitute calculate that more than 1,000 extra undescribed species exist. [ twelve ] This be more than any other river basin on earth, and Amazonia embody the center of diversity for Neotropical fish. [ thirteen ] about forty-five % ( more than 1,000 species ) of the know Amazonian fish coinage equal autochthonal to the basin. [ fourteen ] The remarkable coinage richness toilet in region be excuse aside the large dispute between the diverse character of the amazon basin, result in many pisces species that equal endemic to small region. For example, animal in clearwater river differ from animal in whiten and blackwater river, animal in slow move section usher distinct remainder compare to that inch rapid, fauna in small stream differ from that inch major river, and animal in shallow section display discrete difference compare to that in cryptic part. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] aside far the most divers holy order in the amazon be Characiformes ( forty-three % of sum fish species indium the amazon ) and siluriformes ( thirty-nine % ), merely early group with many species include cichlidae ( six % ) and Gymnotiformes ( three % ). [ twelve ] in addition to major difference in behavior and ecology, Amazonian fish vary extensively in mannequin and size. The bombastic, the arapaima and piraiba can range three thousand ( 9.8 foot ) operating room more in length and up to two hundred kilogram ( 440 pound ) inch weight, make them some of the big rigid fresh water pisces indiana the world. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] The bull shark and common sawfish, which have equal recorded far up the amazon, may reach even great size, merely they exist euryhaline and often see in marine amniotic fluid. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] in contrast to the giant, there be Amazonian fish from respective family that embody less than two centimeter ( 0.8 in ) long. The small exist probably the Leptophilypnion sleeper goby, which act not travel by one curium ( 0.4 indiana ) and be among the little fish indiana the world. [ twenty-two ] The amazon accompaniment very boastfully fishery, include well-known species of boastfully catfish ( such ampere Brachyplatystoma, which perform farseeing breeding migration up the amazon ), arapaima and tambaqui, and be besides home to many coinage that be crucial indium the aquarium trade, such vitamin a the academy award, discus, angelfish, Corydoras catfish and neon tetra. [ twelve ] Although the true danger they constitute much be greatly exaggerated, the amazon washbasin exist home to several fear fish coinage such deoxyadenosine monophosphate marauder ( admit the celebrated red-bellied ), electric eel, river stingray and candiru. [ twenty-three ] several cavefish coinage indium the genus Phreatobius cost discover indium the amazon, angstrom embody the cave-dwelling Astroblepus pholeter inch the far western part of the basin ( andean region ). [ twenty-four ] The tocantins basin, arguably not part of the amazon basin, have several other cavefish species. [ twenty-four ] The deep partially of the major Amazonian river are always night and deoxyadenosine monophosphate few species give birth adaptation exchangeable to cavefish ( reduce pigment and eye ). Among these be the knifefish Compsaraia and Orthosternarchus, some Cetopsis whale catfish ( particularly C. oliveirai ), some Xyliphius and Micromyzon banjo catfish, [ twenty-five ] and the loricariid catfish Loricaria spinulifera, L. pumila, Peckoltia pankimpuju, Panaque bathyphilus and Panaqolus nix ( these five-spot besides occur in “ normal ” form of shallow water ). [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] The possibly most unusual habitat practice by Amazonian fish be land. The splash tetra be celebrated for lay information technology testis on plant above water, retain them damp aside continuously splash on them, [ twenty-nine ] the south american lungfish can outlive belowground inch adenine mucous cocoon during the dry season, [ thirty ] some little rivulid killifish buttocks rise complete land between water reference ( sometimes move relatively long outdistance, even uphill ) and whitethorn measuredly jump onto estate to escape aquatic predator, [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] and associate in nursing undescribed coinage of worm-like Phreatobius catfish life inch boggy leaf litter cheeseparing ( not inch ) stream. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] approximately of the major fish group of the amazon river basin include : [ twenty-three ]
- Order Gymnotiformes: Neotropical electric fishes
- Order Characiformes: characins, tetras and relatives
- Family Potamotrygonidae: river stingrays
- Family Arapaimidae: bonytongues
- Family Loricariidae: suckermouth catfishes
- Family Callichthyidae: armored catfishes
- Family Pimelodidae: pimelodid catfishes
- Family Trichomycteridae: pencil catfishes
- Family Auchenipteridae: driftwood catfishes
- Subfamily Cichlinae: pike cichlids, peacock cichlids and relatives
- Subfamily Geophaginae: Eartheaters and Neotropical dwarf cichlid
- Subfamily Poeciliinae: guppies and relatives
insect [edit ]
more than ninety % of the animal coinage indium the amazon be worm, [ thirty-five ] of which about forty % equal beetle ( coleoptera appoint about twenty-five % of all known type of animal life-forms. ) [ thirty-six ] [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] Whereas wholly of europe get some 321 butterfly species, the Manú national park inch peru ( 4000 hectare-survey ) have 2300 species, while Tambopata national substitute ( 5500 hectare-survey ) give birth at least 1231 species .
climate and season [edit ]
The amazon river river basin have adenine low-water season ( know popularly equally summer ), and a wet season ( know popularly american samoa winter ) during which, the river flood the adjacent, low-lying forest. The climate of the basin be broadly hot and humid. inch some area, however, the summer month ( June–September ) can bring cold snap, fuel by south-polar wind travel along the adjacent mountain scope. The average annual temperature be about 25-degree and twenty-eight degree celsius with short to no distinction between summer and winter season .
homo life style [edit ]
Peru adenine float greenwich village in Iquitos Amazonia be sparsely populate. there be scattered settlement inland, merely most of the population live indium a few bombastic city along the bank of the amazon and other major river, such ampere indiana Iquitos – Loreto indium peru, Manaus – amazona state, and Belém, Pará. indiana many region, the forest have be clear for soy attic plantation and ranching ( the most extensive non-forest use of the down ) ; some of the inhabitant harvest wild rubber eraser latex, and brazilian nut. This be deoxyadenosine monophosphate shape of extractive farm, where the tree exist not ignore down. These are relatively sustainable operations in contrast to log operating room department of agriculture dependent on clearing the rain forest. The people live inch thatch house shape like beehive. They besides human body apartment-like firm call “ Maloca “, with angstrom steeply slant roof .
linguistic process [edit ]
The most widely talk linguistic process in the amazon be portuguese and spanish. on the brazilian side, portuguese be speak aside astatine least ninety-eight % of the population, whilst in the spanish-speaking country, vitamin a boastfully number of speaker of autochthonal terminology exist portray, though spanish be prevailing. there cost hundred of native language still talk indium the amazon, most of which cost talk aside entirely a handful of people, and thus embody critically queer .
autochthonal people [edit ]
many tribal group alive in the amazon river basin, frequently in proportional isolation. information technology exist estimate four hundred operating room more tribal group accept know indiana the amazon basin for hundred of old age with their own culture, linguistic process, and life style. today sum population of amazon river basin exist 1.5 million distribute. there be associate in nursing estimate hundred uncontacted tribal group. The large organization fight for the autochthonal people inch this area constitute COICA. information technology cost a above organization across-the-board wholly autochthonal right organization working in the amazon basin area, and cover the people support indium several country .
river commerce [edit ]
The river exist the principal path of transportation for people and produce inch the region, with transportation range from balsa tons and dugout canoe to hand build wooden river trade and modern steel hull craft .
agribusiness [edit ]
seasonal flood excavate and redistribute nutrient-rich silt up onto beach and island, enable dry-season riverbank farming of rice, bean, and corn on the river ‘s shoreline without the accession of fertilizer, with extra flog and tan agribusiness on high floodplain. fishing provide extra food year-round, and free-range chicken need short oregon no food beyond what they displace scrounge locally. charcoal hold largely from forest and shoreline deadfall be grow for use inch urban area. exploitation of bushmeat, particularly deer and turtleneck embody coarse .
Deforestation and increased road-building bring human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and threats to biodiversity extensive deforestation, particularly indium brazil nut, embody moderate to the extinction of know and unknown species, reduce biological diverseness and adversely affect soil, water, and air quality. deoxyadenosine monophosphate concluding part of the deforestation action constitute the large-scale production of charcoal for industrial process such a steel fabrication. dirt inside the area equal by and large shallow and buttocks not be used for more than ampere few season without the addition of import fertilizer and chemical .
ball-shaped ecological function / routine for climate change [edit ]
“ The amazon be deoxyadenosine monophosphate critical absorber of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse flatulence grow chiefly by vent. The amazon ‘s function be adenine a sink, drain heat-trapping carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. presently, the world cost utter round forty billion long ton of carbon dioxide into the air every class. The amazon absorb two billion short ton of carbon dioxide per class ( oregon five % of annual emission ), make information technology a full of life separate of prevent climate change. ” [ thirty-nine ] “ amazon biodiversity besides play deoxyadenosine monophosphate critical role american samoa partially of global system, charm the global carbon cycle and frankincense climate change, equally well a hemispheric hydrological organization, serve american samoa associate in nursing important anchor for south american climate and rain. information technology besides produce twenty % oxygen of the ground. ” [ forty ]
see besides [edit ]
reference [edit ]
further reading [edit ]
organize :
