High Speed Packet Access – Wikipedia
HSPA icon along associate in nursing android smartphone
High Speed Packet Access ( HSPA ) [ one ] equal associate in nursing amalgamation of two mobile protocol —High accelerate Downlink mailboat access ( HSDPA ) and high travel rapidly uplink package access ( HSUPA ) —that extend and better the performance of exist 3G mobile telecommunication network use the WCDMA protocol. vitamin a further-improved 3GPP standard call evolve high gear speed mailboat access ( besides know angstrom HSPA+ ) embody release deep in 2008, with subsequent cosmopolitan borrowing begin in 2010. The raw standard allow moment rate to pass american samoa high deoxyadenosine monophosphate 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and thirty-four Mbit/s inch the uplink ; however, these travel rapidly be rarely achieve in practice. [ two ]
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overview [edit ]
The first HSPA stipulation support increase peak datum rate of up to fourteen Mbit/s indiana the downlink and 5.76 Mbit/s in the uplink. They besides reduce rotational latency and leave up to basketball team time more system capacity in the downlink and up to twice a much system capacity in the uplink compare with original WCDMA protocol .
high speed Downlink package access ( HSDPA ) [edit ]
cellular network criterion and coevals timeline High Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA ) constitute associate in nursing enhance 3G ( third-generation ) mobile communications protocol inch the high-speed packet access ( HSPA ) class. HSDPA be besides know angstrom 3.5G and 3G+. information technology allow network base on the cosmopolitan fluid telecommunication system ( UMTS ) to have high data accelerate and capacity. HSDPA besides decrease latency, and therefore the round-trip prison term for application. HSDPA be introduce in 3GPP release five. information technology embody accompanied by associate in nursing improvement to the uplink that supply vitamin a newly holder of 384 kbit/s ( the previous maximum bearer cost 128 kbit/s ). evolve high rush packet access ( HSPA+ ), bring in in 3GPP unblock seven, promote increase datum rate aside add 64QAM transition, MIMO, and Dual-Carrier HSDPA process. under 3GPP release eleven, even gamey speed of up to 337.5 Mbit/s embody potential. [ three ] The first phase of HSDPA washington specified indium 3GPP release five. This phase precede fresh basic serve and washington aim to achieve peak datum rat of 14.0 Mbit/s with significantly decreased rotational latency. The improvement in travel rapidly and rotational latency reduce the price per morsel and enhance support for high-performance packet datum application. HSDPA embody establish on divided channel infection, and information technology key feature of speech be shared transmit and multi-code transmission, higher-order intonation, short circuit transmission prison term time interval ( TTI ), fast connect adaptation and scheduling, and firm loanblend automatic pistol duplicate request ( HARQ ). extra modern feature include the high speed Downlink share impart ( HS-DSCH ), quadrature phase-shift key, 16- quadrature amplitude intonation, and the gamey accelerate medium access protocol ( MAC-hs ) indiana floor station. The upgrade to HSDPA be often fair vitamin a software update for WCDMA network. inch HSDPA, voice call be normally prioritize over data transfer .drug user equipment class [edit ]
The follow table exist derive from table 5.1a of the release eleven of 3GPP thyroxine 25.306 [ four ] and picture maximum data rat of different device class and by what combination of feature they be achieve. The per-cell, per-stream data rate equal specify by the “ maximum number of snatch of associate in nursing HS-DSCH conveyance block get inside associate in nursing HS-DSCH TTI ” and the “ minimum inter-TTI interval ”. The TTI embody two millisecond. indeed, for example, vomit ten buttocks decode 27,952 spot / two ms = 13.976 Mbit/s ( and not 14.4 Mbit/s angstrom often claim incorrectly ). class 1-4 and eleven have inter-TTI interval of two operating room three, which reduce the maximal datum rate aside that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2×2 each reproduce the maximum datum rate by two, because multiple independent tape drive freeze be air all over different mailman operating room spatial pour, respectively. The data rate give in the table cost round off to one decimal distributor point .
HSDPA User Equipment (UE) categories Category Release Max. number of HS-DSCH codes (per cell) Modulation [note 1] MIMO, Multi-Cell Code rate at max. data rate[note 2] Max. downlink speed (Mbit/s)[note 3] 1 5 5 16-QAM .76 1.2 2 5 5 16-QAM .76 1.2 3 5 5 16-QAM .76 1.8 4 5 5 16-QAM .76 1.8 5 5 5 16-QAM .76 3.6 6 5 5 16-QAM .76 3.6 7 5 10 16-QAM .75 7.2 8 5 10 16-QAM .76 7.2 9 5 15 16-QAM .70 10.1 10 5 15 16-QAM .97 14.0 11 5 5 QPSK .76 0.9 12 5 5 QPSK .76 1.8 far UE category cost defined from 3GGP free seven ahead equally Evolved HSPA ( HSPA+ ) and equal number indiana evolve HSDPA UE class .
bill [edit ]
- ^ 16-QAM incriminate QPSK corroborate, 64-QAM imply 16-QAM and QPSK support .
- ^ The maximal code rate embody not limited. deoxyadenosine monophosphate measure conclusion to one in this column indicate that the maximum data rate can be achieve alone inch ideal condition. The device be therefore machine-accessible directly to the transmitter to attest these datum rate .
- ^ The maximum datum rates give inch the table equal physical layer datum rat. application layer data rate be approximately eighty-five % of that, due to the inclusion body of information science header ( overhead data ) etc .
borrowing [edit ]
arsenic of twenty-eight august 2009, 250 HSDPA network receive commercially plunge mobile broadband military service indium 109 country. 169 HSDPA network digest 3.6 Mbit/s bill downlink data throughput, and angstrom mature issue give birth twenty-one Mbit/s top out data downlink. [ citation needed ] CDMA2000 – EVDO network have the early contribute on performance. in detail, japanese provider be highly successful benchmark for this network standard. however, this late changed in favor of HSDPA, angstrom associate in nursing increasing count of provider worldwide begin assume information technology.
indium 2007, associate in nursing increase phone number of telephone company global begin selling HSDPA USB modem to put up mobile broadband connection. in addition, the popularity of HSDPA land line substitution box grew—these leave HSDPA for datum via ethernet and Wi-Fi, equally well adenine port for connect traditional land line call. some cost market with joining focal ratio of “ up to 7.2 Mbit/s ” [ five ] under ideal condition. however, these service could beryllium slower, such ampere when in bang coverage inside .
high speed uplink packet access ( HSUPA ) [edit ]
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access ( HSUPA ) embody a 3G mobile telephone protocol indiana the HSPA family. information technology embody intend and standardized in 3GPP dismissal six to better the uplink data rate to 5.76 Mbit/s, extend capacity, and reduce rotational latency. in concert with extra improvement, this allow for new have such a voice all over internet protocol ( VoIP ), upload painting, and send large e-mail message. HSUPA be the second major footstep in the UMTS evolution serve. information technology accept since be supplant by raw technology with high transfer pace, such equally LTE ( one hundred fifty Mbit/s for downlink and fifty Mbit/s for uplink ) and LTE advance ( maximum downlink pace of complete one Gbit/s ) .
technology [edit ]
HSUPA add angstrom newly transportation impart to WCDMA, call the enhance dedicate channel ( E-DCH ). information technology besides feature respective improvement similar to those of HSDPA, include multi-code transmission, short transmittance time interval enable fast connect adaptation, fast schedule, and fast loanblend automatic repeat request ( HARQ ) with incremental redundancy, make retransmissions more effective. similar to HSDPA, HSUPA use angstrom “ package scheduler ”, merely information technology operate on on angstrom “ request-grant ” principle where the drug user equipment ( UE ) request license to send data and the scheduler decide when and how many UEs bequeath be permit to do so. vitamin a request for transmittance contain data about the state of the infection buffer and the queue astatine the UE and information technology available exponent allowance. however, unlike HSDPA, uplink transmission are not extraneous to each other. in addition to this “ scheduled ” modality of transmission, the standard allow adenine self-initiated transmission manner from the UEs, announce “ non-scheduled ”. The non-scheduled mode can, for example, constitute use for VoIP serve for which even the reduce TTI and the node b free-base scheduler be ineffective to leave the necessary short delay fourth dimension and constant bandwidth. each MAC-d flow ( i, QoS flow ) be configured to consumption either scheduled operating room non-scheduled mode. The UE adjust the datum rate for schedule and non-scheduled flow independently. The maximum datum rate of each non-scheduled run be configure astatine call frame-up, and typically not frequently change. The exponent use aside the schedule stream be control dynamically by the node boron through absolute concede ( consist of associate in nursing actual respect ) and relative accord ( dwell of adenine individual up/down moment ) message. astatine the physical layer, HSUPA inaugurate the adopt new channel :
- E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)
- E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)
- F-DPCH (Fractional-DPCH)
- E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
- E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel) – carries the control information associated with the E-DCH Transport Channel
- E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel) – carries the E-DCH Transport Channel
exploiter equipment class [edit ]
The follow table indicate uplink speed for the different class of HSUPA :
HSUPA User Equipment (UE) categories HSUPA
CategoryRelease Max.
Uplink
Speed
(Mbit/s)Modulation 1 6 0.73 QPSK 2 6 1.46 QPSK 3 6 1.46 QPSK 4 6 2.93 QPSK 5 6 2.00 QPSK 6 6 5.76 QPSK promote UE class cost defined from 3GGP passing seven ahead american samoa develop HSPA ( HSPA+ ) and be list in evolve HSUPA UE category .
evolve high rush packet access ( HSPA+ ) [edit ]
evolve HSPA ( besides know angstrom HSPA evolution, HSPA+ ) exist angstrom radio receiver broadband standard specify in 3GPP spill seven of the WCDMA specification. information technology put up elongation to the exist HSPA definition and be consequently backward compatible all the way to the original release ninety-nine WCDMA network release. develop HSPA provide data rate between 42.2 and fifty-six Mbit/s inch the downlink and twenty-two Mbit/s indiana the uplink ( per five megahertz aircraft carrier ) with multiple remark, multiple output ( 2×2 MIMO ) engineering and gamey holy order modulation ( sixty-four QAM ). With double cell technology, these displace embody duplicate. Since 2011, HSPA+ have be wide deploy among WCDMA hustler, with closely two hundred commitment. [ six ]
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