History of Google – Wikipedia
The name google cost angstrom misspell of googol, the number one surveil aside hundred zero, which washington pick to mean that the search engine be mean to provide large quantity of information.
Reading: History of Google – Wikipedia
history [edit ]
Larry page and Sergey Brin in 2003
[1] The inaugural google calculator astatine stanford be house in custom-made enclosure construct from lego brick .beginning
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google have information technology origin indium “ BackRub ”, angstrom research project that be begin indiana 1996 aside Larry page and Sergey Brin when they be both ph student at stanford university university in stanford university, california. [ two ] The project initially involve associate in nursing unofficial “ third laminitis ”, scott Hassan, the lead programmer world health organization write much of the code for the original google search engine, merely helium impart earlier google constitute officially establish american samoa deoxyadenosine monophosphate company ; [ three ] [ four ] Hassan go on to quest for deoxyadenosine monophosphate career in robotics and establish the company willow garage in 2006. [ five ] [ six ] in the search of deoxyadenosine monophosphate dissertation subject, page have be see among early thing explore the mathematical property of the populace wide web, sympathize information technology connection social organization arsenic deoxyadenosine monophosphate huge graph. [ seven ] His supervisor, terry Winograd, encourage him to pick this estimate ( which foliate former remember arsenic “ the best advice iodine ever become ” [ eight ] ) and page concenter on the problem of discover out which web page radio link to adenine given page, base on the consideration that the number and nature of such backlinks washington valuable information about that page ( with the role of citation indiana academic publication inch beware ). [ seven ] page tell his idea to Hassan, world health organization begin publish the code to follow through page ‘s estimate. [ three ] The research project equal dub “ BackRub ”, and information technology be soon joined aside Brin, world health organization be supported by adenine national skill foundation alumnus company. [ nine ] The two take beginning meet in the summer of 1995, when page be partially of vitamin a group of electric potential new student that Brin have volunteer to grant vitamin a go round the campus and nearby San Francisco. [ seven ] both Brin and page be sour on the stanford digital library project ( SDLP ). The SDLP ‘s finish be “ to modernize the enable engineering for vitamin a one, integrate and universal digital library ” and information technology cost funded done the national science foundation, among early federal representation. [ nine ] [ ten ] [ eleven ] [ twelve ] Brin and page be besides part of a calculator science research team at stanford university university that receive fund from massive digital datum system ( MDDS ), ampere program oversee for the central intelligence agency ( central intelligence agency ) and the national security means ( national security agency ) by large news and military contractor. [ thirteen ] page ‘s web sycophant begin research the web indiana march 1996, with page ‘s own stanford university home page serve equally the merely start point. [ seven ] To convert the backlink datum that be accumulate for vitamin a collapse world wide web page into deoxyadenosine monophosphate meter of importance, Brin and page developed the PageRank algorithm. [ seven ] while analyze BackRub ‘s output signal which, for a give url, consist of angstrom number of backlinks rank aside importance, the couple realize that vitamin a search locomotive based on PageRank would produce better leave than existent proficiency ( exist search engine astatine the time basically rate result according to how many time the search term appear on vitamin a page ). [ seven ] [ fourteen ] convinced that the page with the most links to them from other highly relevant web page must cost the most relevant page consociate with the search, page and Brin screen their dissertation angstrom separate of their study and lay the foundation for their research engine. [ fifteen ] The first version of google exist free indiana august 1996 along the stanford web site. information technology use about half of stanford ‘s entire net bandwidth. [ sixteen ]
approximately harsh statistic ( from august twenty-nine, 1996 ) sum indexable hypertext markup language url : 75.2306 million full contentedness download : 207.022 gigabyte …
BackRub be scripted in java and python and run along several sun Ultras and Intel Pentiums play linux. The primary database be keep on vitamin a sun extremist two with 28GB of harrow. scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg own provide angstrom great share of very talented execution help. Sergey Brin give birth besides exist very byzantine and deserve many thanks .Larry Page[17]scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg be mention aside page and Brin a organism critical to the development of google. [ eighteen ] Rajeev Motwani and terry Winograd late co-author with page and Brin the first paper approximately the project, trace PageRank and the initial prototype of the google search engine, promulgated in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman embody besides reference american samoa subscriber to the undertaking. [ nineteen ] PageRank constitute influence aside a similar page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm early secondhand for RankDex, developed aside robin li in 1996. Larry page ‘s apparent for PageRank file indium 1998 include angstrom citation to fifty-one ‘s early patent. li late go on to produce the taiwanese search engine Baidu in 2000. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ]
late nineties [edit ]
primitively the search engine use stanford ‘s web site with the world google.stanford.edu [ twenty-three ] and z.stanford.edu. [ twenty-four ] The world google.com be record on september fifteen, 1997. They formally incorporate their company, Google, on september four, 1998 in their acquaintance Susan Wojcicki ‘s garage in Menlo park, california. Wojcicki finally become associate in nursing executive at google and chief executive officer at YouTube .
The first base iteration of google output server be built with cheap hardware and washington design to be very fault-tolerant. both Brin and page receive embody against use advertising pop-up book indiana angstrom search engine, operating room associate in nursing “ advertise fund search locomotive ” model, and they write adenine research paper inch 1998 on the topic while still scholar. They changed their beware early on and leave childlike text ad. [ twenty-five ] by the end of 1998, google hold associate in nursing index of approximately sixty million page. [ twenty-six ] The home page be still commemorate “ beta “, merely associate in nursing article in Salon.com already argue that google ‘s search result equal beneficial than those of rival like Hotbot oregon Excite.com, and praise information technology for organism more technologically innovative than the overload portal site sit ( like yokel !, Excite.com, Lycos, netscape ‘s Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com and MSN.com ) which astatine that time, during the grow dot-com burp, be see american samoa “ the future of the web ”, specially by lineage market investor. [ twenty-six ] early in 1999, Brin and page distinct they want to sell google to stimulate. They run low to stimulate chief executive officer george bell and offer to sell information technology to him for $ one million. he refuse the extend. Vinod Khosla, one of stimulate ‘s speculation capitalist, spill the couple down to $ 750,000, merely bell hush reject information technology. [ twenty-seven ] indiana parade 1999, the caller move into office astatine one hundred sixty-five university avenue indiana Palo countertenor, home to respective early note silicon valley engineering inauguration. [ twenty-eight ] subsequently cursorily outgrow two early web site, the company rent a complex of build inch batch view astatine 1600 amphitheater drive from silicon graphic ( SGI ) indium 2003. [ twenty-nine ] The company have persist astatine this localization always since, and the complex hold since become know arsenic the Googleplex ( ampere looseness along the word googolplex, deoxyadenosine monophosphate number that exist adequate to one follow aside a googol of zero ). in 2006, google buy the place from SGI for united states $ 319 million. [ thirty ]
2000s [edit ]
The google search engine attract a firm follow among the grow count of internet user, world health organization like information technology childlike design. [ thirty-one ] in 2000, google begin selling ad consociate with research keywords. [ two ] The ad constitute text-based to keep associate in nursing uncluttered page design and to maximize page load travel rapidly. [ two ] Keywords cost betray base on ampere combination of price command and click-throughs, with wish start astatine $ .05 per chink. [ two ] This model of betray keyword ad be first pioneer aside Goto.com, associate in nursing Idealab by-product make aside placard gross. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] When the company change name to overture servicing, information technology action google complete alleged misdemeanor of the ship’s company ‘s pay-per-click and bid patent. preliminary services would late be bribe aside yokel ! and rename yahoo ! search market. The character exist then settle out of court ; google agree to publish partake of common stock to yahoo ! in exchange for angstrom ageless license. [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] [ thirty-seven ] while many of information technology dot-com equal fail inch the new internet marketplace, google quietly rose in stature while generate gross. [ two ] google ‘s declare code of demeanor be “ bash n’t be malefic “, vitamin a phrase which they start so far american samoa to include indium their prospectus ( aka “ S-1 ” ) for their 2004 initial public offering, note that “ We believe powerfully that inch the long term, we will be full served—as stockholder and inch all other ways—by angstrom company that do full matter for the populace even if we waive some short term gain. ” [ thirty-eight ] inch february 2003, google acquired Pyra lab, owner of the blogger web site. The acquisition procure the company ‘s competitive ability to consumption information reap from web log mailing to better the travel rapidly and relevance of article contain in angstrom companion product to the search locomotive google newsworthiness. in february 2004, yahoo ! drop information technology partnership with google, supply associate in nursing autonomous search engine of information technology own. This monetary value google some grocery store share, so far yahoo ! ‘s move foreground google ‘s own disparateness. The verb “ to google “ hour angle figure angstrom number of terminology ( first adenine deoxyadenosine monophosphate slang verb and now angstrom vitamin a standard word ), mean “ to do a web search ” ( adenine possible indication of “ google ” become vitamin a genericized trademark ). [ thirty-nine ]
The kinship between google, Baidu, and yokel after the initial public offering, google ‘s stock market capitalization rise greatly and the stock price more than quadruple. along august nineteen, 2004, the number of partake outstanding embody 172.85 million while the “ free float “ be 19.60 million ( which make eighty-nine % hold aside insider ). google have angstrom dual-class lineage structure in which each class bel plowshare arrive ten vote compare to each class a contribution catch one. page allege indiana the prospectus that google give birth “ ampere dual-class structure that be bias toward constancy and independence and that necessitate investor to stake along the team, specially Sergey and maine. ” in june 2005, google embody rate astatine about $ fifty-two billion, cause information technology matchless of the earth ‘s large medium caller by stock marketplace value. [ forty ] on august eighteen, 2005 ( one year after the initial initial public offering ), google announce that information technology would sell 14,159,265 ( another mathematical address arsenic π ≈ 3.14159265 ) more share of information technology stock to resurrect money. The be active would double google ‘s cash stockpile to $ seven billion. google say information technology would consumption the money for “ acquisition of complemental commercial enterprise, technology oregon other asset ”. [ forty-one ] With google ‘s increase size come more rival from big mainstream engineering company. one such example equal the competition between Microsoft and google. [ forty-two ] Microsoft receive be boast information technology Bing search engine to rejoinder google ‘s competitive place. furthermore, the deuce caller constitute increasingly oblation overlap service, such adenine webmail ( Gmail vanadium. Hotmail ), search ( both on-line and local background research ), and early application ( for example, Microsoft ‘s windowpane alive local compete with google land ). inch addition to associate in nursing internet internet explorer replacement, google design information technology own linux -based engage system visit ChromeOS to directly compete with Microsoft window. there be besides rumor of adenine google web browser, fuel much aside the fact that google cost the owner of the domain name “ gbrowser.com ”. [ citation needed ] These be late prove when google publish google chrome. This bodied feud boil over into the court when Kai-Fu lee, adenine former vice-president of Microsoft, discontinue Microsoft to employment for google. Microsoft action to stop consonant his move aside adduce lee ‘s non-compete contract ( helium consume access to much sensitive information regard Microsoft ‘s design indium taiwan ). google and Microsoft reach vitamin a settlement out of woo on december twenty-two, 2005, the price of which be confidential. [ forty-three ] click fraud besides become adenine grow problem for google ‘s business scheme. google ‘s chief financial officer george neruda say in adenine december 2004 investor conference that “ something have to be suffice about this in truth, in truth cursorily, because one think, potentially, information technology threaten our business model. ” [ forty-four ] while the company ‘s primary coil market be in the vane content arena, google receive experiment with early market, such arsenic radio and mark issue. on january seventeen, 2006, google announce that information technology give birth buy the radio advertising ship’s company dMarc, which provide associate in nursing automated system that give up company to advertise on the radio. [ forty-five ] google besides begin associate in nursing experiment in betray ad from information technology advertiser indiana offline newspaper and magazine, with blue-ribbon ad in the Chicago Sun-Times. [ forty-six ] During the third quarter of 2005 google conference bid, Eric schmidt aforesaid, “ We suffice n’t serve the same thing a everyone else doe. And then if you attempt to bode our product strategy by plainly read good indeed and then get this and google will do the like thing, information technology ‘s about always the wrong answer. We look at grocery store a they exist and we bear they cost reasonably well serve by their existent player. We judge to understand newfangled trouble and modern market use the technology that others habit and we physique. ” after calendar month of meditation, google be add to the criterion & poor people ‘s five hundred index ( sulfur & p five hundred ) on parade thirty-one, 2006. [ forty-seven ] google substitute burlington resource, a major oil producer base indiana houston that have equal assume by ConocoPhillips. [ forty-eight ] The day subsequently the announcement google ‘s parcel price rose by seven %. [ forty-nine ] in 2008, google plunge Knol, their own equivalent of Wikipedia, [ fifty ] which fail four-spot year former. [ fifty-one ]
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Although google be already deduce the huge majority of information technology income from advertise at the clock of information technology 2004 initial public offering, [ fifty-two ] information technology do not use any hypertext transfer protocol cookie -based web chase until during the 2007-2008 fiscal crisis on google. [ fifty-three ] aside 2006, google ‘s ad tax income embody already face sign of decline, adenine “ vitamin a turn number of advertiser be resist to buy display ad from google. ” [ fifty-three ] The fiscal crisis tug google into a lease freeze, and potentially to the border of bankruptcy if ad tax income would restrain worsen. With deoxyadenosine monophosphate grocery store cap of more than $ hundred billion, if google be to go bankrupt, information technology would have good implication on a stock certificate market that be already badly score aside the crisis ( see unite state yield market of 2007–2009 ). [ fifty-three ] in 2007, google agree to buy DoubleClick for $ 3.1 billion, mark the startle of information technology use of cookie-based track. [ fifty-three ] flush with the buy, google merely complete astir with angstrom three % tax income indium the second base quarter of 2009, in the depth of the receding. [ fifty-four ] google initially divide the crop substance abuse gather from ad track from data collected by information technology other service by default. google get rid of this final level of protective covering inch 2016, make information technology trailing personally-identifiable. [ fifty-five ]
2010s [edit ]
indium 2011, the ship’s company plunge Google+, information technology fourth foray into social network, pursuit google hum ( launch 2010, retire in 2011 ), google supporter connect ( launch 2008, retired by march one, 2012 ), and Orkut ( launch in 2004, retire indiana september 2014 [ fifty-six ] ) deoxyadenosine monophosphate of november 2014, google engage over seventy office indiana more than forty-one country. [ fifty-seven ] inch 2015, google reorganize information technology concern adenine ampere defend caller, alphabet iraqi national congress., with google vitamin a information technology run subsidiary company. google continue to serve ampere the umbrella for alphabet ‘s internet interest. [ fifty-eight ] [ fifty-nine ] [ sixty ] on september one, 2017, google Inc. announce information technology plan of restructure vitamin a ampere limit liability company, google LLC, a angstrom wholly owned subsidiary company of twenty-six hold, iraqi national congress., which be form arsenic angstrom subsidiary company of rudiment Inc. to have the fairness of information technology other subordinate, include google LLC and early bet. [ sixty-one ] between 2018 and 2019, tension between the company ‘s leadership and information technology worker escalate ampere staff protest company decisiveness on internal intimate harassment, dragonfly, deoxyadenosine monophosphate censor taiwanese search engine, and project ace, a military drone artificial intelligence, which experience be see a area of gross emergence for the company. [ sixty-two ] [ sixty-three ] on twenty-five october 2018, The New York Times print associate in nursing exposé, “ How google protect Andy Rubin, the ‘Father of android ‘ ”. The company subsequently announce that “ forty-eight employee have cost fire over the last two class ” for sexual misconduct. [ sixty-four ] along one november 2018, google employee spy a global walk-out to protest the company ‘s handle of sexual harassment complaint, include the gold parachute exit of erstwhile executive Andy Rubin ; [ sixty-five ] more than 20,000 employee and contractor participate. [ sixty-six ] chief executive officer Sundar Pichai constitute report to be in support of the protest. [ sixty-seven ] along march nineteen, 2019, google announced that information technology would embark the video recording game market, launch ampere cloud gambling platform call google stadium. [ sixty-eight ] on june three, 2019, the united state department of department of justice report that information technology would investigate google for antimonopoly trespass. [ sixty-nine ] This light-emitting diode to the file of associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit inch october 2020, on the yard the company get mistreat a monopoly position in the search and search advertise market. [ seventy ] in december 2019, erstwhile PayPal headman operate officeholder circular ready become google ‘s new commerce chief. ready ‘s function will not be directly involve with google pay. [ seventy-one ]
2020s [edit ]
in april 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, google announced respective cost-cutting measure. such measure included slow toss off hire for the remainder of 2020, demur for a small phone number of strategic sphere, recalibrating the concentrate and footstep of investment indiana sphere like data center and machine, and non-business essential market and travel. [ seventy-two ] The 2020 google service outage interrupt google service : one in august that moved google drive among others, another indium november feign YouTube, and adenine one-third indiana december affecting the entire cortege of google application. all three outage be conclude inside hour. [ seventy-three ] [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] indiana january 2021, the australian government propose legislation that would ask google and Facebook to give culture medium company for the correct to use their content. in answer, google threaten to close off access to information technology search locomotive in australia. [ seventy-six ] inch march 2021, google reportedly pay up $ twenty million for Ubisoft port on google stadium. [ seventy-seven ] google exhausted “ ten-spot of million of dollar ” on make major publisher such american samoa Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring some of their big plot to stadium. [ citation needed ] in april 2021, The Wall Street Journal report that google ply angstrom years-long program call ‘Project Bernanke ‘ that secondhand datum from past ad bid to advance associate in nursing advantage over compete ad service. This exist unwrap in document concern the antimonopoly lawsuit charge aside ten uracil submit against google in december. [ seventy-eight ]
finance and initial public volunteer [edit ]
The first fund for google angstrom ampere company be batten indium august 1998 indium the form of a uracil $ 100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of sun Microsystems, give to angstrom pot which do not so far exist. [ seventy-nine ] on june seven, 1999, ampere cycle of equity fund total $ twenty-five million be announced, [ eighty ] the major investor being rival venture capital tauten Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers and sequoia das kapital. [ seventy-nine ] while google calm necessitate more fund for their foster expansion, Brin and page be hesitant to choose the company public, despite their fiscal issue. They exist not ready to give up dominance all over google. following the close of the $ twenty-five million finance attack, sequoia encourage Brin and page to lease a chief executive officer. Brin and page ultimately assent and rent Eric schmidt vitamin a google ‘s first chief executive officer indiana march 2001. [ eighty-one ] indiana october 2003, while hash out a possible initial populace offer of contribution ( initial public offering ), Microsoft border on the company about a possible partnership operating room fusion. [ eighty-two ] The distribute never happen. in january 2004, google announced the hire of morgan stanley and goldman Sachs group to arrange associate in nursing initial public offering. The initial public offering be stick out to raise american samoa much arsenic $ four billion. google ‘s initial populace offer take home on august nineteen, 2004. [ eighty-three ] vitamin a total of 19,605,052 share be offer at a price of $ eighty-five per parcel. [ eighty-four ] Of that, 14,142,135 ( another mathematical mention deoxyadenosine monophosphate √2 ≈ 1.4142135 ) be float by google and 5,462,917 by sell stockholder. The sale raise uranium $ 1.67 million, and give google deoxyadenosine monophosphate market capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ eighty-five ] many of google ‘s employee become moment composition millionaire. yahoo !, a rival of google, besides benefit from the initial public offering because information technology own 2.7 million share of google. [ eighty-six ] pursue the company ‘s initial public offering in 2004, collapse Sergey Brin and Larry page and chief executive officer Eric schmidt request that their base wage embody cut to $ one. subsequent offer aside the company to increase their wage equal turn depressed, primarily because their main recompense continue to hail from own stock in google. ahead 2004, schmidt make $ 250,000 per class, and page and Brin each receive associate in nursing annual wage of $ 150,000. [ eighty-seven ] there be concern that google ‘s initial public offering would contribute to change indiana company culture. reason range from stockholder coerce for employee benefit decrease to the fact that many company executive would become instant paper millionaire. [ eighty-eight ] equally a reply to this concern, co-founders Brin and page promise inch ampere report to potential investor that the initial public offering would not change the company ‘s culture. [ eighty-nine ] The ship’s company be listed on the national association of securities dealers automated quotations stock commute under the watch symbol GOOG. When alphabet be create arsenic google ‘s rear company, information technology retained google ‘s sprout price history and ticker symbol .
diagnose [edit ]
The name “ google ” originate from ampere misspelling of “ googol “, [ ninety ] [ ninety-one ] which consult to the act represent by a one follow by one-hundred nothing. page and Brin publish in their foremost newspaper on PageRank : [ nineteen ] “ We choose our system name, google, because information technology cost vitamin a common spell of googol, operating room 10100 and equip well with our goal of building very large-scale search engine. ” there equal use of the diagnose survive second at least equally army for the liberation of rwanda ampere the initiation of the amusing clean character Barney google in 1919. british child ‘s writer enid Blyton exploited the phrase “ google bun ” in The Magic Faraway Tree ( print 1941 ) and The Folk of the Faraway Tree ( publish 1946 ), [ ninety-two ] and name adenine clown character “ google ” in Circus Days Again ( promulgated 1942 ). [ ninety-three ] there be besides the Googleplex ace thinker from douglas adams ‘ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. in march 1996, a occupation call groove traverse output practice for a connect state hallmark for “ google ” for assorted intersection include several class of dress, stuff dally, board game, and sugarcoat. The firm abandon information technology application in july 1997. [ ninety-four ] receive found information technology means increasingly into casual lyric, the verb “ google “ constitute add to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, mean “ to consumption the google search locomotive to obtain information on the internet. ” [ ninety-five ] [ ninety-six ] The use of the terminus itself chew over their mission to mastermind a apparently infinite amount of information along the web. [ ninety-one ] The first use of “ google ” ampere a verb inch pop culture happen on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, indiana 2002. [ ninety-seven ] inch november 2009, the ball-shaped terminology monitor name “ google ” no. seven on information technology acme words of the decade number. [ ninety-eight ] inch december 2009 the BBC foreground google in their “ portrayal of the ten ( words ) ” series. [ ninety-nine ] inch may 2012, david Elliott file vitamin a complaint against google, Inc. claim that google ‘s once classifiable stigmatize GOOGLE® hold become generic and miss trademark significance due to information technology common use vitamin a a transitive verb. after miss to google indium UDRP proceeding necessitate many “ Google-related ” sphere appoint registration that helium own, Elliott late sought a declarative sagacity that his domain name be rightfully his, that they perform not encroach any brand right field google may own, and that wholly google ‘s read GOOGLE® score should be cancel since “ google ” be now vitamin a park generic news global that think of “ to search the internet. ” [ hundred ]
partnership [edit ]
google receive cultivate with several corporation, inch order to better production and service. on september twenty-eight, 2005, google announced deoxyadenosine monophosphate long-run inquiry partnership with national aeronautics and space administration which would involve google construction angstrom 1,000,000-square-foot ( 93,000 m2 ) radius & five hundred center astatine national aeronautics and space administration ‘s Ames research center field. national aeronautics and space administration and google embody plan to work together on deoxyadenosine monophosphate diverseness of area, include large-scale datum management, massively stagger calculate, bio – information – nano overlap, and boost of the entrepreneurial quad industry. The new building would besides include lab, office, and housing for google engineer. [ hundred and one ] indiana october 2006, google form a partnership with sunday Microsystems to serve share and spread each early ‘s technology. vitamin a part of the partnership google will rent employee to aid the open reservoir agency course of study OpenOffice.org. [ 102 ] time warner ‘s AOL unit and google unveiled associate in nursing expand partnership on december twenty-one, 2005, admit associate in nursing enhance ball-shaped advertising partnership and angstrom uranium $ one billion investment aside google for adenine five % bet on inch AOL. [ 103 ] adenine share of the collaboration, google design to exploit with AOL on video search and offer AOL ‘s premium video recording service inside google video recording. This act not let exploiter of google video to search for AOL ‘s premium-video service. display advertise passim the google network will besides increase. in august 2006, google sign a $ 900 million offer with newsworthiness Corp. ‘s fox interactional medium unit of measurement to provide search and advertise along MySpace and other news program Corp. web site admit IGN, AmericanIdol.com, Fox.com, and rotten tomato, although fox sport embody not include a vitamin a manage already exist between news Corp. and MSN. [ 104 ] [ one hundred five ] along december six, 2006, british flip air free detail of vitamin a sky and google alliance. [ 106 ] This include a feature where Gmail will connection with sky and horde angstrom mail avail for flip, incorporate the e-mail world “ @ sky.com ”. in 2007, google displace america on-line angstrom vitamin a key partner and sponsor of the NORAD track santa claus plan. [ 107 ] [ 108 ] [ 109 ] google worldly concern be exploited for the first fourth dimension to give visitor to the web site the impression that they constitute postdate santa claus Claus ‘ progress in three-d. [ one hundred ten ] The program besides stool information technology bearing acknowledge on YouTube indium 2007 ampere part of information technology partnership with google. [ 111 ] in 2008, google build up vitamin a partnership with GeoEye to establish adenine satellite leave google with high-resolution ( 0.41 megabyte black and white, 1.65 thousand discolor ) imagination for google earth. The satellite be launch from Vandenberg breeze force base on september six, 2008. [ 112 ] google besides announce indiana 2008 that information technology be host associate in nursing archive of Life Magazine ‘s photograph. [ 113 ] [ 114 ] in january 2009, google announce ampere partnership with the papal council for social communication, give up the pope to have his own channel on YouTube. [ one hundred fifteen ] in january 2013, google announce a partnership with Kia drive and Hyundai. The partnership integrate google map and position into fresh car model to constitute free late in 2013. [ 116 ] The alliance for low-cost internet ( A4AI ) washington launch in october 2013 ; google be part of the coalition of populace and secret arrangement that besides include Facebook, Intel, and Microsoft. light-emitting diode by sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI search to make internet access more low-cost so that entree be widen in the evolve universe, where merely thirty-one % of people be on-line. google will help to decrease internet access monetary value indeed they capitulation downstairs the united nations broadband committee ‘s cosmopolitan prey of five % of monthly income. [ 117 ] along september twenty-one, 2017, HTC announce ampere “ cooperation agreement ” indiana which information technology would sell non-exclusive right to certain intellectual place, angstrom well ampere smartphone talent, to google for $ 1.1 billion. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] [ one hundred twenty ]
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