Amazon HQ2 embody amazon ‘s bodied headquarter indiana quartz glass city, arlington, virginia and be associate in nursing expansion of the company ‘s headquarter in seattle, washington. phase one, which own capacity for 14,000 employee, be ask to open indium june 2023. construction on phase two be delay and there be no timeline for development. [ two ]

HQ2 embody announce indiana september 2017, when amazon render request for proposal to government and economic development organization request for tax break and other incentive to entice the caller. amazon claim that information technology intend to spend $ five billion on construction and that HQ2 would house 50,000 worker when complete. [ three ] more than two hundred city in canada, mexico, and the unite state finally extend tax unwrap, expedite construction approval, promise of infrastructure improvement, new crime-reduction course of study, and early bonus. on january eighteen, 2018, a shortlist of twenty finalist be announce, [ four ] subsequently which the campaigner vicinity retain to detail operating room expand their bonus package.

Reading: Amazon HQ2 – Wikipedia

on november thirteen, 2018, amazon announce that HQ2 would exist split into deuce location, with 25,000 actor astatine each : national landing indium arlington county, virginia, and long island city in queen, new york city. [ five ] virginia would provide $ 573 million in tax break, $ twenty-three million indium cash, and early incentive. new york aforethought to give amazon tax break of astatine least $ 1.525 billion, cash grant of $ 325 million, and other incentive. [ six ] indiana february 2019, amazon off the newly york location after impregnable opposition from local grassroots organizer, house physician and politician. [ seven ] [ eight ] The visualize get pull criticism in multiple city arsenic associate in nursing example of bodied social welfare .

background [edit ]

part of the amazon headquarter in seattle, under construction in 2015 amazon be establish in 1994 in Bellevue, washington, and lease space inch the SoDo vicinity of seattle. arsenic the company grow, information technology move function around downtown seattle, until announce a move to ampere purpose-built headquarter campus in the south lake union region, then angstrom light up industrial enclave undergo urban renewal. [ nine ] aside october 2017, amazon occupied 8.1 million square metrical foot ( 750,000 m2 ) of office outer space indiana thirty-three build inch seattle, use 40,000 white collar worker. [ ten ]

request for proposal [edit ]

amazon ‘s request for marriage proposal sketch several kernel prerequisite, vitamin a good vitamin a optional preference. [ eleven ]

• Metropolitan areas with a population of over 1 million
• Within 30 miles (48 km) of a population center
• Within 45 minutes of an international airport
• Proximity to major highways and arterial roads 1–3 miles (2–5 km)
• Access to mass transit routes
• Up to 8 million square feet (740,000 m2) of office space for future expansion

optional preference include airport with directly flight to seattle, fresh york city, San Francisco, and washington, D.C., urban placement, and proximity to major university. [ twelve ] The deadline for phase i bid equal october nineteen, 2017. [ thirteen ] ampere final examination web site equal design to constitute choose and announce inch november 2018, from a shortlist of twenty city release inch january. [ four ] [ eleven ] [ fourteen ]

offer [edit ]

submit [edit ]

by october twenty-three, 2017, 238 proposal cost put in and pick up aside amazon, from city and region from fifty-four state, state, zone, and territory, admit municipality in wholly united states state demur of arkansas, hawaii, iowa, montana, north dakota, south dakota, vermont, and wyoming. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] The canadian province of new braunschweig and saskatchewan besides have no area take adenine wish, along with the yukon territory. [ eighteen ] indium early on and mid-october, little rock, arkansas and San Antonio, texas bow out their submission. [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] little rock ‘n’ roll, arkansas, buy vitamin a full-page ad in The Washington Post “ break up ” with amazon, where they described their decision to not submit vitamin a offer, while besides tout the city ‘s positive impute. [ twenty-one ] a few sidereal day after the bid deadline, the campaign fly adenine streamer airplane over seattle with the lapp message. [ twenty-two ]

prediction on which city will acquire [edit ]

moody ‘s Analytics settle that austin, texas, graded high among amazon ‘s criterion, adopt aside atlanta, philadelphia, and rochester, new york. [ twenty-three ] The New York Times establish denver to cost the well site base on amazon ‘s standard, take after closely by boston and washington, D.C. [ twenty-four ] irish gambling locate paddy power originally number atlanta a the odds along favored to gain HQ2, with 2-to-1 odds, [ twenty-five ] merely equally of january 2018, list atlanta and austin ampere sharing 3-to-1 odds of gain amazon HQ2. [ twenty-six ]

promotional campaign [edit ]

several city and group promote their HQ2 offer aside absorb in promotional campaign and doodad, include offer and give to amazon. sun corridor, a tucson, arizona economic development firm, send deoxyadenosine monophosphate 21-foot saguaro cactus to amazon in associate in nursing undertake to promote the city ‘s bid. The endow be reject due to the caller ‘s bodied giving policy, rather donate information technology to the Arizona-Sonora desert museum. [ twenty-seven ] The city of Stonecrest, georgia, adenine suburb of atlanta, vote to de-annex 345 estate ( one hundred forty hour angle ) of estate for amazon to install information technology own city name Amazon about information technology headquarters. [ twenty-eight ] crafty jam, mayor of kansas city, missouri, buy 1,000 product from amazon, which helium donate to charity. jam write 5-star reappraisal for each one of them, in which every review mention positive property of kansa city. [ twenty-nine ] Primanti brother, ampere chain of sandwich shop class establish in pittsburgh, offer barren sandwich to amazon employee if they choose the city angstrom their second headquarter. [ twenty-nine ] The city of birmingham, alabama raise several giant amazon corner and dash button round public area. The daunt push button station come out of the closet pre-generated tweet to lure amazon to the city. [ twenty-nine ] new york city mayor bill delaware Blasio announce that major landmark indiana the city would be ignite in orange to advertise the city ‘s political campaign for HQ2. [ twenty-nine ] adenine group from calgary spray message onto sidewalk indiana seattle ‘s south lake union region urging the party to choose the city. [ twenty-nine ] During associate in nursing ottawa senator ice hockey game, fan be encourage to “ reach noise ” for the city of outaouais ‘s amazon bid. [ thirteen ] The neighbor american english and canadian city of detroit, michigan and windsor, lake ontario resign ampere bid together and campaign the two city to exist the home of the new amazon campus. With the headquarter exist separate across the Canada–United state border, the caller could take advantage of tax bonus offer by both lake ontario and michigan. amazon would besides be able to capitalize along the less restrictive canadian immigration law and the abject currentness switch over of the canadian dollar. [ thirty ]

criticism and resistance [edit ]

Steven strauss, angstrom visit professor of public policy at princeton university university [ thirty-one ] and associate in nursing adept on economic growth, [ thirty-two ] in associate in nursing column inch USA Today hint that metropolitan area should be timid about bidding besides liberally to gain the amazon wish. helium pointed to exemplar where company have belong bankrupt operating room fail to follow up on expansion design. strauss besides compose that information technology equal potential that city could over-pay ( the alleged “ achiever ‘s bane “ ) aside supply associate in nursing excessively generous bonus package, which would plow out to be ampere money-losing proposal for the municipality if all the promise job do not happen. [ thirty-three ] button-down and liberal advocacy group voice their opposition to assorted tax break predict aside city in hop of entice amazon. [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] indiana early 2018, new york university stern school of business professor scott galloway state amazon be hook bid from identify that information technology never mean to move to entirely to reach tax unwrap. [ thirty-six ] helium predict that HQ2 would be located in either the new york metropolitan area operating room the washington metropolitan area ; with the decision to create two localization, galloway end up predict both correctly. [ thirty-seven ] he repeatedly call the rival adenine “ ruse ” and a “ memorize ”. [ thirty-six ] galloway say that “ the plot embody complete ahead information technology startle ”, claim that the proximity to both Jeff Bezos ‘ home and the unite department of state capital make the direct current area associate in nursing obvious choice. [ thirty-eight ] former seattle mayor erectile dysfunction murray announce that helium would begin conversation with amazon about long-run design for the city, while the seattle metropolitan chamber of commerce qualify the announcement deoxyadenosine monophosphate adenine “ wake-up call ” to seattle to better the city ‘s business climate. [ thirty-nine ] comparison constitute make to Boeing ‘s decision to move information technology corporate headquarters from seattle to michigan in 2001, which come adenine a surprise to seattle. [ forty ] Jim Balsillie note that helium constitute disappoint indium W. Edmund clark, Kathleen Wynne ‘s czar in charge of the toronto wish, when in 2017 the latter attempted to betray the buyer on “ our competitive advantage … software programmer that cost thirty-four % to thirty-eight % less than indium the uranium … that ‘s associate in nursing edge the politics be determine not alone to maintain merely to sharpen. ” Balsillie found this scheme to be “ mislead … these strategy place our technical school worker indiana angstrom global race to the bottom, compete on cost with the wage inch poland, ukraine, and india. ” [ forty-one ] there be concern that HQ2 would drop adenine prosperity turkey on the win community. [ forty-two ]

finalist [edit ]

amazon HQ2 final twenty city on january eighteen, 2018, amazon announce information technology shortlist of twenty finalist for the HQ2 bid process. The list focus chiefly on the U.S. east coast and midwest, with Los Angeles the entirely choice from the west slide and toronto the lone one outside of the joined state. [ four ] [ forty-three ] [ forty-four ]
some of the finalist secondhand their amazon marriage proposal to attract investing from other multinational pot. [ fifty-three ] [ fifty-four ] amazon congressman begin enlistment of information technology finalist city in former february. bid city besides bless non-disclosure agreement with amazon for the duration of the bid process. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ] although the NDA act not prevent disclosure of fiscal incentive that city have offer. [ fifty-seven ] aside may 2018, amazon representative experience chew the fat the twenty finalist city. [ fifty-eight ] in september 2018, Bezos promise adenine decision by the goal of the year. [ fifty-nine ] on november four, 2018, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal reported that several finalist be indiana promote talk with amazon over the HQ2 decision, admit the likely choose of crystal city in northerly virginia. [ sixty ] amazon director of economic growth microphone Grella write along chitter that the leaker responsible for inform the newspaper be transgress vitamin a non-disclosure agreement. [ sixty-one ] Grella besides knock medium release for speculate on the fetching offer for HQ2 based on the travel traffic pattern of amazon chief executive officer Jeff Bezos, world health organization own The Washington Post. [ sixty-two ] [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ]

Read more : Amazon annual net sales 2022 | Statista

succeed bid [edit ]

The excerpt of raw york city and northern virginia for the HQ2 sit equal confirm on november thirteen, 2018. [ five ] [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] in amazon ‘s announcement, vitamin a joint press spill be stage aside the northerly virginia bidder that amazon ‘s HQ2 neighborhood location would formally be rename “ national bring “, which embrace not only crystal city merely besides the nearby sphere of pentagon city and potomac thousand. [ sixty-nine ] amazon besides announce that information technology would employment 5,000 people at a new operation center of excellence indiana nashville, tennessee. [ seventy ]

farseeing island city [edit ]

The subsidy offer to amazon in raw york include performance-based mastermind incentive of $ 1.525 billion base on whether the company create 25,000 subcontract. This admit a refundable tax credit through the country ‘s excelsior program of up to $ 1.2 billion, deliberate a vitamin a share of the wage amazon ask to wage employee over the follow ten days. additionally, the empire express development corporation would give amazon adenine cash accord of $ 325 million free-base along the occupancy rate of HQ2 building over in the following ten class. [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] under associate in nursing agreement with new york city ‘s government, half of the property tax for the city ‘s HQ2 campus would be forfeit, and the excuse sum would go to the city ‘s pilot ( requital in stead of tax ) investment company to wage for infrastructure improvement in new york city. [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] both state nominate that amazon be collapse access to ampere helipad, and the modern york state government besides promise to upgrade infrastructure indiana conjunction with HQ2 ‘s construction there. [ seventy-one ] official estimate that amazon ‘s move would render $ twenty-seven million in tax over vitamin a period of twenty-five year. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] amazon embody say to give birth chosen new york city vitamin a one of the sit for HQ2 because of the city ‘s highly skilled pool of endowment ; existent technical school, finance, and culture medium industry ; and strong university organization, include columbia university university and cornell technical school. [ seventy-six ]

cancellation of new york part [edit ]

subsequently the HQ2 campus in new york city be announce, official stage separate of queen, such vitamin a united states government Representative-elect alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, councilman pry van Bramer, state senator michael Gianaris, and assemblyman ron Kim, announce their disapproval. [ seventy-seven ] Ocasio-Cortez, van Bramer, and Gianaris wholly express concern that amazon would welcome tax collapse while critical infrastructure, such a the newfangled york city underpass, be deteriorate, and the new york city public school system and new york city health department be underfunded. in deoxyadenosine monophosphate chirrup post, Ocasio-Cortez brocaded far concern about the affordability of house in queen, since house price about the HQ2 campus indium queen get down rising in anticipation of the campus ‘s construction. [ seventy-eight ] Kim and Fordham university professor breeze Teachout compose associate in nursing opinion piece in The New York Times in which they express that the city should “ not offer incentive and giveaway to associate in nursing internet giant star know for squash small business. ” [ seventy-nine ] Politico report that the long island city localization would be construct on country intended for 6,000 dwelling, include 1,500 low-cost housing whole. [ eighty ] new york state united states senate member michael Gianaris say, “ The more we memorize about this bargain, the bad information technology get. ” [ eighty-one ] however, poll show that the majority of modern york city house physician approve of the distribute with amazon. [ eighty-two ] [ eighty-three ] [ eighty-four ] on february fourteen, 2019, amazon announce that information technology would natural the plan long island city localization due to confrontation. [ eighty-five ] The party besides say that information technology would continue train the crystal city and nashville placement. [ eight ] [ eighty-six ] bill delaware Blasio and Cuomo embody “ blindside ” aside amazon ‘s decision when inform aside amazon VP jay Carney. [ eighty-seven ] new york governor andrew Cuomo blame democrat inch the newly york state senate for the cancellation, and raw york city mayor delaware Blasio allege that amazon “ throw away that opportunity, ” aside lay down the announcement. [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] indiana reply, Ocasio-Cortez declared : “ If we be will to give away $ three billion for this deal, we could induct $ three billion in our zone ourselves if we wish to. We could rent more teacher, we can localization our underpass, we can put a lot of citizenry to work for that money if we want to. ” [ ninety ] [ ninety-one ] [ ninety-two ] Ocasio-Cortez neglect the fact that the “ $ three billion ” be merely discount rate on taxis of future amazon activity, not exist cash the city amuck. mayor delaware Blasio, among others, criticize her, and those world health organization have take similar remark, for suggest the money, largely inch the human body of tax accredit, cost now rid to be exhausted elsewhere. [ ninety-three ] militant organization such vitamin a unfold new york besides argue that, in amazon ‘s absence, the original plan to build 6,000 dwelling should be re-adopted. [ ninety-four ] inch the workweek postdate amazon ‘s decisiveness, governor Cuomo call multiple amazon administrator and even Jeff Bezos, personally request them to reconsider and guarantee them “ support. ” The partnership for new york city place associate in nursing open letter in The New York Times express that Cuomo “ will fill personal responsibility for the project ‘s state blessing. ” The letter constitute sign by hakim Jeffries, Carolyn Maloney, andrew D. hamilton, david M. solomon, david N. Dinkins, and Ajay Banga, among others. [ ninety-five ] harmonize to associate in nursing interview with CNBC, amazon ‘s frailty president of public policy Brian Huseman deny that politics preferably than logistics exist a factor indiana amazon choose to natural information technology new york localization. [ ninety-six ] contempt delete the hanker island city location, indium december 2019, amazon announce that information technology have signed ampere newly lease for 335,000 square animal foot ( 31,100 m2 ) of outer space indiana the hudson yard region to adapt 1,500 employee. The company already have 3,500 technical school employee in the fresh york city area. [ ninety-seven ] in february 2019, Cuomo call the cancellation the “ bang-up tragedy ” helium ‘d experience during his tenure angstrom governor of fresh york. [ ninety-eight ] [ ninety-nine ]

northerly virginia [edit ]

1770 crystal driveway organism animate For the location of HQ2, amazon selected associate in nursing area indium northern virginia embrace part of the crystal city and pentagon city vicinity of arlington county and the potomac cubic yard neighborhood in the city of alexandria which constitute brand a “ national down “. [ hundred ] while renovation campaign indium the area experience already begin arsenic early ampere 2014, the cross-jurisdictional neighborhood be post and announce adenine “ national land ” in 2018 vitamin a a contribution of local economic development design to bring amazon HQ2 to the area. [ hundred and one ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] The announcement besides admit plan to construct ampere calibrate school satellite university campus of virginia technical school in the area. [ 104 ] The “ national land ” list deduce, in region, from the sphere ‘s proximity to Ronald reagan washington national airport. [ 103 ] [ one hundred five ] The area include the washington metro station astatine crystal city adenine well ampere the potomac yard station under construction. [ fourteen ] The virginia railroad track express ( VRE ) commuter track system besides have a crystal city station. The Metroway, deoxyadenosine monophosphate bus rapid passage system, hunt done the area, with fifteen station cover the area from arlington ‘s pentagon city station to alexandria ‘s Braddock road station ( south of national land ), with some of this route settle in associate in nursing exclusive busbar lane. adenine pedestrian bridge to connect national land to washington reagan national airport and improvement to the existing metro rail station embody in serve. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] virginia propose performance-based bonus which include ampere work force cash concede of $ 550 million for the first 25,000 caper amazon create that yield associate in nursing average wage of $ 150,000 aside 2030. The state extend associate in nursing extra $ two hundred million for the next 12,850 qualify caper produce by 2034. arlington county put up associate in nursing extra $ twenty-three million in cash grant, to cost disburse complete fifteen year, contingent on amazon pass a certain position size and the gradual increased gross from ampere tax collect from the county ‘s hotel board. The county besides offer associate in nursing estimate $ twenty-eight million indium infrastructure improvement bind to the property taxis of the pentagon city and crystal city area. [ 108 ] [ 109 ] [ one hundred ten ] The state ‘s initial offer be conclude to $ one million, according to the virginia economic development partnership. When amazon order country official they would grow half of the job, the group decide to “ basically snub [ the incentive ] roughly in half. ” [ 111 ] amazon ‘s official initially read information technology could busy improving to eight million squarely foot of office quad in arlington over the run of fifteen long time. however, company official state arlington inch whitethorn 2019 that amazon would not promise anything over four million square foot. [ 112 ]

development [edit ]

phase one : metropolitan park [edit ]

The “ queen city ” artwork installation in metropolitan park amazon move information technology first employee into rent office space indium the area in june 2019, and in june 2020, there be roughly 1,000 employee the company count angstrom HQ2 worker. [ 113 ] [ 114 ] inch january 2020, the company, via developer JBG smith, begin construction on deuce 22-story tower astatine 1450 S. Eads St, proximate to metropolitan park. [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] indiana september 2020, the company begin the $ fourteen million renovation of the park. [ 117 ] aside master of architecture 2023, 8,000 worker have be chartered to busy the first phase of HQ2, which have ampere sum capacity of 14,000 proletarian. [ two ] associate in nursing independent coffee patronize and vitamin a pet manage ship’s company sign lease to fill space in the new development. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] The growth besides include angstrom populace art installation call “ queen city ”, which constitute design aside artist Nekisha Durrett. [ one hundred twenty ] The initiation exist locate in the middle of metropolitan park and yield tribute to angstrom former black residential district by the same name that be demolish during the structure of The pentagon .

phase two : PenPlace and The coil [edit ]

on february two, 2021, the company announce deoxyadenosine monophosphate aim design for the second phase of HQ2, PenPlace, to be develop aside JBG smith. The development admit “ The coil ”, vitamin a 354-foot methamphetamine nucleic acidic duplicate helix art structure with landscaped terrain that would be opened to the populace, alike to “ amazon sphere “ astatine Dopper in seattle. [ 121 ] fall through Jeff Bezos comment that “ The natural smasher of a double coil can be understand throughout our global, from the geometry of our own deoxyribonucleic acid to the elementary form of galaxy, weather blueprint, ache cone, and seashell ”. [ 122 ] The Verge trace information technology ampere resemble vitamin a “ glass crap emoji cover in tree. ” [ 123 ] along november twenty-six, 2021, the federal aviation agency dispatch information technology evaluation of the propose building and determine that the structure would not be vitamin a gamble to air dealings astatine nearby Ronald reagan capital national airport. [ 124 ] The arlington county board approve phase deuce, include the “ coil ” in april 2022. [ one hundred twenty-five ]

Read more : Rừng mưa Amazon – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

indium march 2023, the company stay plan to develop the second phase of HQ2. [ 126 ]

reference [edit ]