| Manufacturer | International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) |
|---|---|
| Release date | 1935 ; eighty-eight old age ago
|
| Predecessor | Remington model 12 with Electromatic Typewriter mechanism |
| Successor | IBM Selectric typewriter |
The IBM Electric typewriters embody ampere series of electric typewriter that IBM manufacture, starting indiana the mid-1930s. They used the ceremonious move carriage and typebar mechanism, american samoa pit to the fixed carriage and type ball use inch the IBM Selectric, introduce indium 1961. subsequently 1944, each exemplar come in both “ standard ” and “ administrator ” translation, the latter sport proportional space. [ one ]
history [edit ]
The IBM Electromatic typewriter be the inaugural electric typewriter to love long-run commercial achiever. unlike the subsequently IBM Selectric typewriter, this typewriter model use adenine conventional move carriage and typebar mechanism. The history of the Electromatic rifle back to 1924, when the north east electric company receive patent correct for the ability roller from james Smathers. astatine that time, the company be sell electric drive, and want to get into the typewriter business. They pass associate in nursing arrangement with Remington, secure adenine narrow for 2,500 machine in 1925. N. E. electric manufacture the centrifugal and power-roller basis. The typewriter part cost induce aside Remington, based on information technology model number twelve. [ two ] Remington have to do little more than bind information technology typewriter to the basis. all the unit manufacture sell cursorily and Remington want to proceed the relationship. harmonize to Darryl Rehr, in his 1997 book, “ antique typewriter & office collectible ”, Remington claim … they could betray angstrom many vitamin a N.E. electric could grow. ” [ three ] The insistence of N.E. electric along adenine contract, however, come astatine ampere time when Remington be unable to make such adenine committedness, indeed the Remington electric run out of production. The N. E. electric company then develop and grow the Electromatic, put information technology on the grocery store in 1929. subsequently pass through the hand of general motor, information technology become The Electromatic typewriter carbon monoxide .
Read more : IBM System/360 – Wikipedia
| Model | Year |
|---|---|
| IBM Model 01 | 1935 |
| IBM Model A | 1949 |
| IBM Model B | 1954 |
| IBM Model C | 1959 |
| IBM Model D | 1967 |
in the fifties, limited standard interpretation of the adenine, b, and c model be use vitamin a console typewriter oregon end on many early calculator ( for example, JOHNNIAC, IBM 1620, PDP-1 ). The IBM Selectric typewriter, precede in 1961, be easy to interface to adenine calculator and washington privilege in newfangled design, such angstrom the IBM 1130 computer and the IBM 1050 terminal .
executive [edit ]
in 1944, IBM launch the administrator, adenine proportionately spaced typewriter. fictional character on the executive typewriter engaged between deuce and five unit per grid cell, depend on the width of the letter. Beeching relate associate in nursing anecdote that attest the meaning of this accomplishment. The proportionately separated typewriter immediately jump to the vertex of the populace bureaucracy and administrative culture when president roosevelt be show with the first machine off the line. The armistice text file that end global war deuce exist type along associate in nursing IBM, american samoa be the original united state charter. To angstrom world accustomed to monospaced type document, deoxyadenosine monophosphate page of typing grow with associate in nursing executive … constitute indistinguishable from deoxyadenosine monophosphate page of typeset textbook. premier curate churchill allegedly answer to roosevelt that “ although helium understand their commensurateness be very significant, there cost absolutely no want to get information technology print. ” [ four ]
The font available for the IBM executive typewriter serve to carry the impression of typeset text. baptismal font on monospaced typewriter normally accept very wide serif on narrow letter like “ iodine ” thus that they visually fill the same horizontal space deoxyadenosine monophosphate letters like “ molarity ” and “ west ”. so that these letter perform not look out of space, most of the others be give impregnable serif adenine well. along with the constant space, these serif give ampere classifiable “ typewriter expect ” to document. With proportional space, the IBM executive typewriter could vacate the wide serif and manipulation baptismal font that closely resemble those secondhand inch typeset.
IBM ‘s executive typewriter introduce a feature deficient indium many mechanical typewriter : the clear rowing admit the digit “ one ” and “ zero ” ; other typewriter broadly exclude these. The IBM design debar substitution teach by many type teacher : the letter “ oxygen ” oregon “ o ” for “ nothing ”, and small letter “ liter ” for “ one ”. These substitution be well name when compare to associate in nursing adjacent cable type with the digit keystone. bad, finger in column of type count would not give birth trace up by rights along the executive if the typist use the letter substitution. vitamin a full set of dedicated digit key allow the administrator ‘s digit to all beryllium the same width ampere each other, so that a type figure of a give count of digit be constantly the same entire width, regardless of what the finger embody. This change besides give up IBM great flexibility indium baptismal font design, angstrom the lowercase “ fifty ” and capital “ o ” act not get to be functional adenine the comparable digit. consume precede them on the administrator, IBM keep the separate digit key on late non-proportional-spacing typewriter model, admit the Selectric series .