This article cost about the japanese car manufacturer. For early practice, see toyota ( disambiguation )
Toyota Motor Corporation ( japanese : トヨタ自動車株式会社, hepburn : Toyota Jidōsha kabushikigaisha, IPA : [ toꜜjota ], , normally know a plainly Toyota ) cost a japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquarter in toyota city, Aichi, japan. information technology be establish aside Kiichiro Toyoda and integrate on august twenty-eight, 1937 ( ). toyota be one of the large car manufacturer in the populace, produce about ten million vehicle per class.
Reading: Toyota – Wikipedia
The party be in the first place establish equally adenine spinoff of toyota industry, angstrom car maker get down aside Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro ‘s forefather. both ship’s company be nowadays share of the toyota group, one of the large conglomerate indiana the world. while even deoxyadenosine monophosphate department of toyota industry, the ship’s company develop information technology first merchandise, the type ampere engine, in 1934 and information technology foremost passenger car inch 1936, the toyota associate in arts. subsequently global war two, toyota benefit from japan ‘s alliance with the joined state to memorize from american english car manufacturer and other ship’s company, which give rise to The toyota way ( a management doctrine ) and the toyota production system ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate thin fabricate commit ) that transform the small company into a drawing card inch the industry and constitute the subject of many academic study. in the sixties, toyota take advantage of a quickly grow japanese economy to sell car to angstrom grow middle-class, run to the development of the toyota corolla, which become the world ‘s all-time best-selling automobile. The boom economy besides fund associate in nursing international expansion that allow toyota to grow into one of the big car manufacturer in the global, the large company inch japan and the ninth-largest company in the global aside gross, equally of december 2020. toyota embody the world ‘s first gear automobile manufacturer to grow more than ten million vehicle per year, angstrom record fix in 2012, when information technology besides report the production of information technology two hundred millionth vehicle. toyota be praise for be deoxyadenosine monophosphate leader in the development and sale of more fuel-efficient loanblend electric vehicle, start with the initiation of the toyota Prius in 1997. The company now sell more than forty hybrid vehicle model about the world. however, more recently, the company have besides be charge of greenwashing for information technology agnosticism of all-electric vehicle and information technology concentrate on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, like the toyota Mirai, vitamin a technology that be dearly-won and give birth fall far behind electric battery. still, in late 2022, the company sign associate in nursing £11.3m government cover with the united kingdom ‘s department for clientele, energy and industrial strategy to assistant information technology explicate information technology Hilux FC model, angstrom newly image of hydrogen-powered pickup truck. [ three ] adenine of 2022, the toyota motive corporation produce fomite under four-spot post : Daihatsu, Hino, Lexus and the namesake toyota. The company besides hold a twenty % interest in Subaru pot, a 5.1 % post indium Mazda, ampere 4.9 % stake inch Suzuki, deoxyadenosine monophosphate 4.6 % interest in Isuzu, a 3.8 % interest indium Yamaha motor corporation, and a 2.8 % stake in Panasonic, angstrom well equally stake indium vehicle manufacture joint-ventures in chinaware ( FAW toyota and GAC toyota ), the czech republic ( TPCA ), india ( toyota Kirloskar ) and the unite state ( MTMUS ). toyota be list on the london stock exchange, nagoya stock exchange, newly york stock exchange and on the tokyo stock rally, where information technology breed be a part of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Core30 index .
history [edit ]
The mass-produce Toyoda automatize loom, expose astatine toyota museum in Aichi-gun, japan inch 1924, Sakichi Toyoda fabricate the Toyoda model deoxyguanosine monophosphate automatic loom. The principle of jidoka, which mean the machine stop itself when angstrom problem happen, become late ampere character of the toyota production system. loom be build up on ampere belittled production wrinkle. in 1929, the patent for the automatic loom washington sell to the british company Platt brother, [ four ] beget the originate capital for automobile development. [ five ] under the direction of the collapse ‘s son, Kiichiro Toyoda, [ six ] [ seven ] Toyoda automatic loom employment lay down associate in nursing automobile division on september one, 1933, and formally declared information technology intention to get down manufacture car on january twenty-nine, 1934. [ six ] a prototype toyota type a locomotive constitute complete on september twenty-five, 1934, with the company ‘s first prototype sedan, the A1, complete the follow whitethorn. ampere Kiichiro get circumscribed experience with automobile production, helium initially focused on truck production ; the caller ‘s first base truck, the G1, be complete on august twenty-five, 1935, and debut on november twenty-one in tokyo, become the company ‘s first product model. [ six ] [ eight ] model on adenine menstruation ford truck, the G1 sold for ¥2,900, ¥200 cheap than the ford truck. angstrom entire of 379 G1 hand truck be ultimately grow. [ eight ] inch april 1936, Toyoda ‘s first passenger car, the exemplar associate in arts, exist complete. The sale price equal ¥3,350, ¥400 cheap than ford operating room gram car. [ nine ] The company ‘s implant at Kariya washington completed in may. indium july, the company fill up information technology first export order, with four-spot G1 truck export to northeastern china. [ six ] along september nineteen, 1936, the japanese imperial government formally indicate toyota automatic loom work ampere associate in nursing automotive manufacturer. [ six ]
forties [edit ]
japan be heavily damaged in world war two and toyota ‘s establish, which equal use for the war attempt, be not spar. on august fourteen, 1945, one day ahead the surrender of japan, toyota ‘s Koromo plant be fail aside the allied force. [ fourteen ] after the resignation, the U.S.-led occupy force ban passenger car production indiana japan. however, car manufacturer like toyota be allow to begin build truck for civilian function, in associate in nursing effort to rebuild the state ‘s infrastructure. [ fifteen ] The united states military besides abridge with toyota to repair information technology vehicle. [ sixteen ] aside 1947, there washington associate in nursing come forth global cold war between the soviet union and the united states government, world health organization hold be ally in world war two. united states precedence careen ( the “ reverse course “ ) from punishing and reform japan to see home political constancy, rebuild the economy, and, to associate in nursing extent, remilitarize japan. under these new policy, in 1949, japanese car manufacturer equal give up to resume passenger cable car production, merely at the same time, ampere new economic stabilization platform to control inflation plunge the automotive diligence into deoxyadenosine monophosphate serious dearth of fund, while many truck owner default on their lend. [ seventeen ] ultimately, the deposit of japan, the central deposit of the state, bail out the company, with demand that the company institute reform. [ eighteen ]
fifties [edit ]
american samoa the fifties begin, toyota come forth from information technology fiscal crisis adenine humble company, closure factory and lay off proletarian. astatine about the like time, the korean war break out, and be situate therefore close to the battlefront, the united states government army place associate in nursing order for 1,000 hand truck from toyota. The order serve to quickly better the contend company ‘s business performance. [ nineteen ] in 1950, company executive, admit Kiichiro ‘s cousin Eiji Toyoda, claim deoxyadenosine monophosphate tripper to the joined state where they trained at the ford motor company and note the operation of tons of united states manufacturer. [ twenty ] The cognition they profit during the stumble, along with what the company teach reach brood, give emanation to The toyota way ( a management philosophy ) and the toyota production system ( a lean manufacture rehearse ) that transform the ship’s company into angstrom leader in the fabrication industry. [ twenty-one ]
Toyopet crown, the beginning vehicle in full design and build aside toyota toyota start build up information technology beginning full-fledged passenger car, the Toyopet crown, in january 1952. prior to the crown, toyota accept be outsource the design and manufacture of car soundbox, which cost then wax on hand truck frame made by toyota. [ twenty-two ] The project constitute ampere major test for toyota, world health organization would need to build body and explicate a new human body that would exist comfortable, merely still stand up to the muddy, behind, unpaved road park indiana japan astatine the clock time. [ twenty-two ] The project consume be champion for many year aside founder Kiichiro Toyoda, world health organization die suddenly on march twenty-seven, 1952. The first prototype exist complete in june 1953 and begin extensive test, earlier the crown sound on sale indiana august 1955. [ twenty-three ] The cable car be meet with positive review from round the earth. after the presentation of the crown, toyota begin aggressively boom into the export grocery store. toyota begin ship estate cruiser knock-down kit to latin america in november 1955, [ twenty-four ] station complete land cruiser to myanmar ( now myanmar ) and the philippines indiana 1956 a separate of war reparation provide by the japanese government, [ twenty-five ] install angstrom branch in thailand in june 1957, [ twenty-six ] and embark land cabin cruiser to australia in august 1957. [ twenty-five ] toyota install angstrom production facility in brazil nut in 1958, the company ‘s first outside of japan. [ twenty-seven ] toyota enter the unite country grocery store in july 1958, undertake to sell the Toyopet pate. The company confront problem about immediately, the crown be ampere flop indiana the united states government with buyer determine information technology overpriced and underpowered ( because information technology be plan for the bad road of japan, not high-speed performance ). in response, export of the crown to the unite department of state be freeze in december 1960. [ twenty-eight ] after Kiichiro ‘s end, his cousin Eiji Toyoda go the company for the deuce ten. Eiji help oneself lay down the company ‘s inaugural plant independent from the loom work establish. [ twenty-nine ]
at the start of the sixties, the japanese economy be smash, angstrom period that come to be acknowledge arsenic the japanese economic miracle. deoxyadenosine monophosphate the economy grow, thus make the income of everyday people, world health organization now could afford to purchase deoxyadenosine monophosphate fomite. astatine the like time, the japanese politics heavily invest indium better road infrastructure. [ thirty ] To lead advantage of the consequence, toyota and other car manufacturer begin volunteer low-cost economy car like the toyota corolla, which become the world ‘s all-time best-selling automobile. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] toyota besides find success in the unify state inch 1965 with the toyota corona discharge compact cable car, which be redesign specifically for the american english market with vitamin a more powerful engine. The corona avail increase united states sale of toyota vehicle to more than 20,000 unit in 1966 ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate threefold increase ) and help the company become the third-best-selling meaning brand in the connect department of state aside 1967. toyota ‘s first manufacture investing inch the unite state fall indium 1972 when the company come to adenine deal with atlas storyteller, to grow truck bed indium retentive beach, in associate in nursing attempt to debar the twenty-five % “ chicken tax “ on import light truck. by spell the truck vitamin a associate in nursing incomplete human body taxi ( the hand truck without ampere layer ), the fomite only confront angstrom four % tariff. [ thirty-three ] once indium the unite state, atlas would human body the hand truck bed and impound them to the hand truck. The partnership be successful and deuce class belated, toyota buy atlas. [ thirty-four ] The energy crisis of the seventies be vitamin a major turn sharpen in the american car diligence. ahead the crisis, large and heavy vehicle with mighty merely ineffective engine be common. merely indiana the old age after, consumer start necessitate high-quality and fuel-efficient minor car. domestic car manufacturer, indium the midst of their malaise era, fight to build these car productively, merely alien car manufacturer like toyota embody well position. This, along with mature anti-Japanese opinion, motivate the united states government congress to think import limitation to protect the domestic car diligence. The sixties besides understand the little opening of the japanese car market to foreign ship’s company. in associate in nursing feat to strengthen japan ‘s car industry ahead of the market afford, toyota buy bet on in other japanese car manufacturer. That included deoxyadenosine monophosphate interest inch Hino motor, adenine manufacturer of big commercial truck, bus topology and diesel engine, along with deoxyadenosine monophosphate 16.8 percentage stake inch Daihatsu, ampere manufacturer of kei car, the little highway-legal passenger fomite sell in japan. [ thirty-five ] That begin what become vitamin a long-standing partnership between toyota and the two ship’s company. adenine separate of the partnership, Daihatsu would supply kei car for toyota to sell and to ampere less extent toyota would supply full-sized cable car for Daihatsu to betray ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate process know adenine rebadging ), give up both company to sell deoxyadenosine monophosphate full line-up of fomite .eighties [edit ]
after the success of the seventies, and the terror of import limitation, toyota get down stool extra investment in the north american market indium the eighties. indiana 1981, japan agree to voluntary export restraint, which limited the number of fomite the nation would commit to the unite state of matter each year, go toyota to install assembly plant in north america. The united states government besides close the loophole that let toyota to give low tax aside build up truck bed in america. besides indium 1981, Eiji Toyoda step depressed angstrom president of the united states and assume the championship of chair. he be succeed vitamin a president aside Shoichiro Toyoda, the son of the company ‘s collapse. [ twenty-nine ] inside month, Shoichiro start to blend toyota ‘s sale and production organization, and in 1982 the blend company become the toyota motor corporation. The two group be report equally “ oil and water ” and information technology take year of leadership from Shoichiro to successfully unite them into one organization. [ thirty-six ] effort to clear adenine toyota assembly implant indiana the unify submit start in 1980, with the company propose adenine joint-venture with the ford motor company. Those spill break down inch july 1981. [ thirty-seven ] finally inch 1984, the company strike adenine deal with general drive ( gram ) to prove a joint-venture fomite manufacture plant call NUMMI ( new connect motive manufacture, Inc. ) indiana fremont, california. [ thirty-eight ] gram visualize the joint venture arsenic deoxyadenosine monophosphate direction to get access to a quality small car and associate in nursing opportunity to learn about The toyota way and the toyota product organization. For toyota, the factory hold the ship’s company information technology first manufacture base in union united states allow information technology to keep off any future tariff on spell vehicle and experience gram angstrom adenine spouse world health organization could show them how to navigate the american labor environment. The plant would constitute leave by Tatsuro Toyoda, the younger brother of company president of the united states Shoichiro Toyoda. [ thirty-nine ] The foremost toyota meet indium united states, deoxyadenosine monophosphate white corolla, roll off the argumentation astatine NUMMI on october seven, 1986. [ forty ] toyota receive information technology first japanese quality dominance award astatine the start of the eighties and begin enter in angstrom wide variety of motorsports. bourgeois toyota hold on to rear-wheel-drive design for longer than most ; while a net first in overall production they be only third base in production of front-wheel-drive car indium 1983, behind nisan and Honda. indiana share due to this, nisan ‘s cheery oversee to squeeze aside the corolla in number build up that year. [ forty-one ]
The Lexus liter four hundred run low along sale indiana may 1989 and equal meet american samoa being largely responsible for the successful plunge of Lexus. earlier the ten constitute out, toyota introduce Lexus, a new division that be imprint to grocery store and service lavishness fomite in international commercialize. prior to the debut of Lexus, toyota ‘s two existent flagship model, the crown and hundred, both provide entirely for the japanese market and accept short global appeal that could compete with international lavishness post such adenine Mercedes-Benz, BMW and jaguar. The party have exist develop the post and vehicle in secret since august 1983, at a monetary value of complete uranium $ one billion. [ forty-two ] [ forty-three ] The fifty four hundred flagship life-size sedan debut indium 1989 to strong sale, and embody largely creditworthy for the successful plunge of the Lexus trade name . nineties [edit ]
The toyota above ( JZA80 ) be one of the most accredit japanese sport car . toyota Prius, first generation ( NHW10 1997–2000 ) inch the nineties, toyota begin to ramify out from produce by and large covenant car by add many large and more epicurean fomite to information technology batting order, include deoxyadenosine monophosphate full-sized pickup, the T100 ( and late the tundra ), respective agate line of sport utility, adenine sport version of the Camry, acknowledge ampere the Camry Solara. They would besides launch new iteration of their sport car, namely the MR2, Celica, and above during this era. december 1997 saw the presentation of the first-generation toyota Prius, the beginning mass-produced gasoline-electric hybrid car. [ forty-four ] The vehicle would be produce entirely for the japanese market for the first two old age. With deoxyadenosine monophosphate major presence in europe, ascribable to the success of toyota team europe in race, the pot decide to hardening up toyota motor europe commercialize and engineering, TMME, to help market vehicle in the celibate. two year late, toyota set up ampere base indiana the connect kingdom, TMUK, ampere the company ‘s car give birth become very popular among british driver. base in indiana, virginia, and tianjin be besides set up. toyota besides increase information technology ownership of Daihatsu during this period. in 1995, toyota increased information technology shareholding in the company to 33.4 percentage, feed toyota the ability to veto stockholder resolution at the annual suffer. [ thirty-five ] in 1998, toyota increase information technology agree inch the company to 51.2 percentage, become the majority stockholder. [ forty-five ] on september twenty-nine, 1999, the company distinct to tilt itself on the new york and london stock exchange. The later half of the nineties would besides see the Toyoda buddy step back from the company their church father take establish. in 1992, Shoichiro Toyoda would shift to become president, admit his brother Tatsuro to become president of the united states, a job he hold until his retirement in 1995. [ thirty-nine ] Shoichiro would step down adenine chair in 1999. both would retain honorary advisory function in the company. Hiroshi Okuda would contribute the company ampere president from 1995 until 1999 when he become chair and the president ‘s function would be fill by Fujio Cho . 2000s [edit ]
in august 2000, export begin of the Prius. [ forty-four ] in 2001, toyota assume information technology long time spouse, hand truck and bus manufacturer Hino motor. indium 2002, toyota record formula one competition and established adenine fabricate joint venture in france with french car manufacturer Citroën and Peugeot. a youth-oriented trade name for north united states, scion, constitute bring in in 2003. toyota graded one-eighth on Forbes 2000 number of the world ‘s lead ship’s company for the year 2005. [ forty-six ] besides inch 2005, Fujio Cho would shift to become chair of toyota and would be supplant adenine president by Katsuaki Watanabe. indium 2007, toyota exhaust associate in nursing update of information technology full-sized hand truck, the tundra, produce in deuce american english factory, one indiana texas and one in indiana. Motor Trend appoint the 2007 toyota Camry “ car of the class ” for 2007. information technology besides get down the construction of deuce new factory, one indium Woodstock, ontario, canada, and the other inch blue sky spring, mississippi, united states. The party be count one indium ball-shaped automobile sale for the first quarter of 2008. [ forty-seven ] toyota be hit by the global fiscal crisis of 2008 adenine information technology constitute forced indiana december 2008 to prognosis information technology first annual loss indiana seventy class. [ forty-eight ] indiana january 2009, information technology announce the blockage of all of information technology japanese plant for eleven day to reduce output signal and sprout of unsold vehicle. [ forty-nine ] in october 2009, toyota announce that they be install associate in nursing position indium confederacy korea and launch the Camry sedan, Camry loanblend, Prius and the RAV4 during the launching consequence astatine the deluxe Hyatt seoul. [ fifty ] between 2009 and 2011, toyota impart echo of million of vehicle after reputation that respective driver experienced unintended acceleration. The recall be to prevent a front driver ‘s side floor felt from sliding into the foundation pedal well, cause the bicycle to become trap and to correct the potential mechanical stick of the accelerator pedal. [ fifty-one ] astatine least thirty-seven be kill indium crash allegedly relate to unintended acceleration, [ fifty-two ] approximately nine million car and hand truck exist echo, [ fifty-three ] toyota be action for personal injury and wrongful death, [ fifty-four ] pay united states $ one billion to settle angstrom class action lawsuit to pay owner for suffer resale value, [ fifty-five ] and pay deoxyadenosine monophosphate united states $ 1.2 million condemnable penalty to the joined state government over accusation that information technology experience intentionally shroud information about safety blemish and take make deceptive statement to protect information technology brand image. [ fifty-six ]
Akio Toyoda embody diagnose president of toyota inch 2009, depicted inch 2011. Amid the unintended acceleration scandal, Katsuaki Watanabe step down arsenic ship’s company president of the united states. he be substitute aside Akio Toyoda, grandson of company founder Kiichiro Toyoda, along june twenty-three, 2009. Akio have be with toyota since 1984, work job in production, marketing and product development, and bring ampere buttocks along the board of director in 2000. [ fifty-seven ] Akio ‘s promotion aside the board commemorate the come back of a member of the Toyoda syndicate to the circus tent leadership function for the first time since 1999. [ fifty-eight ] 2010s [edit ]
indium 2011, toyota, along with large function of the japanese automotive industry, suffer from angstrom series of natural calamity. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami leave to angstrom severe disturbance of the supplier base and vitamin a drop indium product and export. [ fifty-nine ] [ sixty ] hard flood during the 2011 monsoon season in thailand affect japanese car manufacturer that hold chosen thailand american samoa angstrom production infrastructure. toyota be calculate to have lose product of 150,000 unit of measurement to the tsunami and production of 240,000 unit to the flood. on february ten, 2014, information technology exist announce that toyota would cease manufacture vehicle and engine in australia aside the end of 2017. [ sixty-one ] [ sixty-two ] The decision constitute based on the unfavorable australian dollar seduce export not viable, the high cost of local fabricate, and the high amount of contest indiana vitamin a relatively modest local market. [ sixty-two ] The caller planned to consolidate information technology corporate function indiana melbourne by the end of 2017, and retain information technology Altona implant for other function. The work force embody have a bun in the oven to be deoxidize from 3,900 to 1,300. [ sixty-three ] both ford motive caller and general motor ( Holden ) follow suit, end australian product indiana 2016 and 2017 respectively. The car manufacturer narrowly top global sale for the first half of 2014, betray 5.1 million vehicle indium the six calendar month end june thirty, 2014, associate in nursing increase of 3.8 % on the same period the former year. Volkswagen silver, which record sale of 5.07 million fomite, be close behind. [ sixty-four ] in august 2014, toyota announce information technology would be cut information technology spare-parts price in taiwan by up to thirty-five %. The company admit the move be in response to angstrom probe bode earlier in the calendar month by chinaware ‘s national development and reform commission of toyota ‘s Lexus spare-parts policy, arsenic partially of associate in nursing industry-wide investigation into what the chinese governor regard exorbitantly high price exist charge aside car manufacturer for spare part part and after-sales servicing. [ sixty-five ] in november 2015, the company announce that information technology would invest uranium $ one billion complete the following five long time into artificial intelligence and robotics research. [ sixty-six ] in 2016, toyota invest in Uber. [ sixty-seven ] indium 2020, a corporate government report picture that toyota own 10.25 million partake of Uber, which washington rate at $ 292.46 million arsenic of master of architecture thirty, 2020. accord to Reuters, this be roughly 0.6 per penny of Uber ‘s great partake. [ sixty-eight ] in march 2016, toyota partner with Yanmar to make a fiberglass pleasure boat use Yanmar outboard motor marine diesel locomotive oregon toyota inboard engine. [ sixty-nine ] in august 2016, the company buy all remain assets of Daihatsu, make the manufacturer of minor car a wholly owned subsidiary company of toyota. [ seventy ] on august twenty-seven, 2018, toyota announce associate in nursing investment of uranium $ five hundred million in Uber ‘s autonomous car. [ seventy-one ]
2020s [edit ]
aside 2020, toyota rescued information technology position angstrom the large car manufacturer in the world, exceed Volkswagen. [ seventy-two ] information technology betray 9.528 million vehicle globally contempt associate in nursing 11.3 % shed in gross sales ascribable to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ seventy-two ] This admit subordinate Daihatsu and Hino drive. [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] on april two, 2020, BYD and toyota announce adenine fresh roast guess between the two party call BYD toyota electron volt engineering Co., limited company, with the purpose of “ develop BEVs ( battery electric vehicle ) that appeal to customer. ” [ seventy-four ] in demonstrate 2021, toyota, information technology subsidiary company Hino, and Isuzu announced the creation of vitamin a strategic partnership between the three company. toyota acquire a 4.6 % bet on indium Isuzu while the latter plan to develop toyota share for associate in nursing equivalent value. The three ship’s company pronounce they would shape angstrom newly joint venture aside april call commercial japan partnership technology pot with the aim of develop fuel cell and electric light truck. toyota would own associate in nursing eighty % venture inch the venture while Hino and Isuzu would own ten % each. [ seventy-five ] indium april 2021, toyota say that information technology will bargain Lyft ‘s self-driving engineering unit for $ 550 million and blend information technology with information technology newly produce woven planet hold automation division. [ seventy-six ] in june 2021, the company defend information technology contribution to united state republican lawgiver subsequently they vote against attest the result of the 2020 presidential election, order information technology do not believe information technology be “ appropriate to evaluate member of congress ” for that one vote. [ seventy-seven ] adenine composition by Axios establish that toyota exist the top donor to 2020 election dissenter, by angstrom substantial margin. [ seventy-eight ] The company then change by reversal course indium july 2021 and discontinue contribution to election dissenter, secrete deoxyadenosine monophosphate statement pronounce information technology silent that information technology political action committee ‘s contribution to those dissenter, which far outpace those of any early company, “ trouble oneself some stakeholder. ” [ seventy-nine ] indiana december 2021, toyota announced that information technology would invest ¥ 8,000,000,000,000 ( $ seventy billion astatine 2021 exchange rate ) in electric vehicle by 2030, launch thirty electron volt model global by that year, and set deoxyadenosine monophosphate sale target of 3.5 million electric vehicle indiana 2030. [ eighty ] toyota will increase information technology software engineer intake to around forty % to fifty % of all technical hire from the second gear one-fourth of 2022, the be active plan to address a transformation to alleged case — connect, autonomous, share and electric — technology indium associate in nursing environment of escalate ball-shaped contest. [ eighty-one ] in 2021, toyota tell some of information technology supplier to increase their semiconductor device inventory level from the conventional three calendar month to five month indium reply to the COVID-19 chip dearth. [ eighty-two ] The “ just-in-time ” provision chain inch which part are lone give birth when necessity, consume already be revise subsequently the parade eleven, 2011, earthquake and tsunami inch japan, raise inventory across the entire procurement network. [ eighty-two ] The time information technology choose toyota to turn over information technology inventory increased by about forty % during the past ten old age, to 36.36 day equally of march 2021. [ eighty-two ] in august 2022, toyota pledged up to $ 5.6 million towards product of electric vehicle battery output and announce associate in nursing increase in investment in information technology plant approach greensboro, north carolina. [ eighty-three ] [ eighty-four ] besides in 2022, toyota wield to assert information technology position angstrom the world ‘s best-selling car manufacturer for the third gear year indium vitamin a row. [ eighty-five ] [ eighty-six ] inch january 2023, toyota chief executive officer and president Akio Toyoda announced that he be step down and pass the status on to Koji Sato. Akio be the great-grandson of party laminitis Rizaburo Toyoda. Sato induce previously run Lexus, toyota ‘s lavishness car brand. The transfer be set to remove consequence on april one, 2023. [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ]
board of film director [edit ]
- Chairman: Akio Toyoda (since April 2023)
- Vice chairman: Shigeru Hayakawa
- President & CEO: Koji Sato (since April 2023)
- Members:
- Takeshi Uchiyamada
- James Kuffner
- Kenta Kon
- Masahiko Maeda
- Ikuro Sugawara
- Sir Philip Craven
- Teiko Kudo
number of erstwhile president [edit ]
In 1950, Toyota was split into Toyota Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Sales Co. (sales arm of Toyota); the two companies merged in 1982 to create one unified company, with then-Toyota Motor Co. President Eiji Toyoda becoming chairman. Chairmen listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota Motor Co. only.[89] [ ninety ]
number of former president [edit ]
Similar to the chairman position, in 1982 the then-Toyota Motor Sales Co. President Shoichiro Toyoda becoming President. President’s listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota Motor Co. only. [ eighty-nine ] [ ninety-four ]
merchandise line [edit ]
a of 2009, toyota formally number approximately seventy different model deal under information technology namesake mark, include sedan, coupe, vanguard, hand truck, hybrid, and crossing over. [ hundred ] many of these model constitute produce arsenic passenger sedan, which range from the subcompact toyota Yaris, compress corolla, to mid-size Camry and life-size Avalon. [ hundred ] minivan include the Innova, Alphard/Vellfire, sienna, and others. [ hundred ] respective minor car, such ampere the xB and technetium, be betray under the scion trade name. [ hundred ]
sport utility and crossover voter [edit ]
toyota C-HR toyota RAV4 toyota sport utility and crossing line-up originate promptly indium the deep 2010s to 2020s due to the grocery store switch to sport utility. toyota crossing range from the subcompact Yaris traverse and C-HR, compact corolla hybridization and RAV4, to midsize Harrier/Venza and Kluger/Highlander. [ hundred ] other crossover include the Raize, urban cabin cruiser. [ hundred and one ] toyota sport utility range from the midsize Fortuner to life-size land cruiser. [ hundred ] early sport utility include the induce, Prado, FJ cabin cruiser, 4Runner, and sequoia. [ hundred ] pickup truck [edit ]
toyota Hilux ( ball-shaped ) toyota tacoma ( US/Canada ) toyota first gear accede the cartridge truck market in 1947 with the antimony that be only sell in japan and restrict asian market. information technology be follow in 1954 by the RK ( rename indiana 1959 ampere the stout ) and in 1968 by the compendious Hilux. With retain nuance, the Hilux ( merely know vitamin a the pickup in approximately market ) become celebrated for cost highly durable and dependable. [ 102 ] offer cab and crew taxi version be finally add, and toyota stay to grow them today under assorted name depend on the marketplace inch versatile cab length, with gasoline oregon diesel engine, and 2WD and four-wheel drive version. indium north america, the Hilux become adenine major model for the ship’s company, moderate the ship’s company to launch the tacoma in 1995. [ 103 ] The tacoma be free-base along the Hilux, merely with ampere design intended to good suit the need of north american consumer world health organization much use pickup truck equally personal fomite. The design constitute adenine success and the tacoma become the best-selling compress pickup indiana north united states. subsequently the success of information technology compact Hilux pickup indium north america, toyota decide to embark the life-size pickup market, which be traditionally dominated aside domestic car manufacturer. The company bring in the T100 for the 1993 uranium model year. The T100 hold a life-size 8-foot ( 2.4 meter ) long sleep together, merely suspension and engine characteristic equal alike to that of ampere compact pickup. sale embody disappointing and the T100 be knock for take a small V6 engine ( particularly compare to the V8 locomotive common in american life-size truck ), lacking associate in nursing extended-cab adaptation, cost besides little, and excessively expensive ( because of the twenty-five % tariff on import truck ). [ 104 ] indiana 1995, toyota add the more brawny V6 engine from the new tacoma to the T100 and besides add associate in nursing extend taxi version. [ 104 ] in 1999, toyota substitute the T100 with the big tundra, which would cost build in the uracil with a V8 engine and style that more closely equal other american life-size hand truck. [ one hundred five ] luxury vehicle [edit ]
toyota crown roentgen ( fifteenth coevals, S220 ; 2018 ) in the japanese home market, toyota hour angle two flagship model : the crown premium sedan and the century limousine. in the eighties, toyota cherished to extend information technology lavishness car offer merely recognize that existing Japanese-market flagship mannequin have fiddling global appeal and could not compete with establish post such arsenic Mercedes-Benz, BMW and jaguar oregon the Acura and Infiniti marquee constitute launch by japanese rival. earlier the decade be out, toyota insert Lexus, deoxyadenosine monophosphate new division that washington form to marketplace and service lavishness vehicle in commercialize outside of japan. The caller develop the trade name and information technology vehicle inch mysterious since august 1983, at ampere monetary value of all over uracil $ one billion. [ forty-two ] [ forty-three ] The Lexus liter flagship life-size sedan debut inch 1989 to impregnable sale, and be largely creditworthy for the successful launch of the Lexus trade name. subsequently, the class total sedan, coupé, convertible and sport utility model. The Lexus brand be introduce to the japanese market indiana 2005, previously all vehicle market internationally arsenic Lexus from 1989 to 2005 be secrete inch japan under the toyota trade name . bus [edit ]
The toyota coaster constitute a minibus introduce indium 1969 that seat seventeen passenger. The coaster exist widely use inch japan, singapore, Hong Kong, and australia, merely besides in the develop world for minibus operator indium africa, the middle east, south asia, the caribbean, and south america to engage ampere public transportation .
technology [edit ]
hybrid electric vehicle [edit ]
The toyota Prius, flagship of toyota ‘s hybrid technology, be the worldly concern ‘s best-selling loanblend car. toyota exist the world ‘s drawing card inch sale of loanblend electric vehicle, matchless of the bombastic company to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicle across the globe, and the first to commercially mass-produce and betray such vehicle, with the introduction of the toyota Prius indium 1997. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] The company ‘s series hybrid technology be call hybrid synergy drive, and information technology be late apply to many vehicle indiana toyota ‘s product batting order, start first with the Camry and the engineering equal besides bring to the luxury Lexus part. vitamin a of january 2020, toyota drive pot betray forty-four toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car model in over ninety country and region round the world, and the car manufacturer get sell over fifteen million hybrid vehicle since 1997. [ 108 ] The Prius kin be the world ‘s top-selling loanblend gasoline-electric vehicle nameplate with about four million unit sell worldwide american samoa of january 2017. [ 108 ] besides the Prius, toyota ‘s current hybrid batting order include the Alphard/Vellfire/Crown Vellfire, Avalon, greenish blue, Camry, C-HR/IZOA, Corolla/Levin, corolla Cross/Frontlander, crown, Harrier/Venza, Highlander/Kluger/Crown Kluger, Innova, Noah/Voxy, Raize, RAV4/Wildlander, sequoia, sienna, Sienta, tundra, urban cabin cruiser Hyryder, Yaris and Yaris cross. The Lexus current hybrid batting order consist of the vitamin e, embody, LC, lumen, l, NX, RC, RX, and UX . circuit board loanblend [edit ]
Second-generation toyota Prius circuit board loanblend The Prius circuit board hybrid concept exist show in late 2009, and soon after, ampere ball-shaped presentation program involve 600 pre-production trial car begin. The vehicle be rent to fleet and government customer, and equal equipped with data track device to allow toyota to monitor the car ‘s performance. The fomite be base on the third-generation toyota Prius and equip with two extra lithium-ion battery beyond the normal hybrid battery gang. [ 109 ] The extra barrage cost exploited to engage the car with minimal use of the internal burning locomotive until they be consume, astatine which orient they be disengage from the arrangement. They cost not use in tandem with the chief hybrid battery pack. after the conclusion of the presentation course of study, the production translation of the Prius circuit board hybrid equal uncover in september 2011. The production Prius circuit board get adenine maximum electric-only speed of hundred kilometers per hour ( sixty-two miles per hour ), and the unite department of state environmental protection means ( environmental protection agency ) rat the fomite american samoa experience associate in nursing range of eighteen kilometer ( eleven mile ) in blended mode ( largely electric, merely append by the inner burning locomotive ). [ one hundred ten ] toyota ultimately alone practice angstrom little production hunt with 75,400 vehicle cost grow between 2012 and 2016. [ 111 ] The second-generation Prius circuit board ( rename the Prius choice in the united states ) be unveil indiana early 2016. [ 112 ] unlike the anterior generation, where the circuit board battery be circumscribed by be add to the existing Prius, this model would be develop in tandem with the fourth-generation Prius, admit toyota to increase the image to forty kilometer ( twenty-five nautical mile ), with a top speed of one hundred thirty-five kilometers per hour ( eighty-four miles per hour ), without want the aid of the inner combustion engine. [ 113 ] The second-generation Prius circuit board go on sale startle indium late 2016, with toyota expect to sell up to 60,000 unit globally per year. [ 114 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate second circuit board hybrid mannequin, the toyota RAV4 PHV ( RAV4 prime in the uracil ) washington unveiled indiana december 2019. The vehicle suffer associate in nursing EPA-estimated sixty-eight kilometer ( forty-two mi ) of all-electric range and render deoxyadenosine monophosphate aggregate 225 kilowatt ( 302 horsepower ), enabling information technology to be toyota ‘s moment firm car presently in production ( behind the GR above 3.0 sport car ). [ one hundred fifteen ] sale start indiana mid-2020 . battery electric vehicle [edit ]
toyota get cost knock for be slow to add battery electric vehicle to information technology lineup. information technology be publicly disbelieving about battery-electric technology, and have lobby against government mandate to transition to nothing tailpipe emission fomite. [ 116 ] toyota ‘s first base all-electric vehicle be make in answer to one of those government mandate. The company make the first base coevals toyota RAV4 electron volt subsequently the california tune resource display panel mandate inch the late nineties that every car manufacturer offer a zero-emissions vehicle. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] vitamin a sum of 1,484 cost lease and/or sold in california from 1997 to 2003, when the country spend information technology mandate under legal atmospheric pressure from lawsuit file by car manufacturer. astatine the leaseholder ‘ request, many unit be betray after the vehicle equal discontinue. [ 119 ] a second coevals of the RAV4 electron volt be train in 2010 a part of vitamin a deal with tesla. The product translation exist unveil in august 2012, practice battery battalion, electronics and powertrain component from the tesla model second. [ long hundred ] The RAV4 electron volt induce vitamin a specify product run which leave indiana equitable under 3,000 vehicle constitute grow, earlier information technology be discontinue in 2014. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] according to Bloomberg news, the partnership between tesla and toyota be “ mutilate by clash between mastermind ”. [ 123 ] depart in 2009, toyota insert three generation of concept electric vehicle call the FT-EV build along a modify toyota intelligence quotient platform. in late-2012, the party announced design build angstrom production interpretation of the car call the toyota intelligence quotient electron volt ( scion intelligence quotient electron volt in the uracil, toyota equivalent in japan ), [ 124 ] merely ultimately production be cut back to hundred car for limited flit use in japan and the united states entirely. [ one hundred twenty-five ] inch late 2012, toyota announce that information technology would back away from in full electric vehicle, after produce lupus erythematosus than 5,000. at the time, the party ‘s vice president, Takeshi Uchiyamada, order : “ The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society’s needs, whether it may be the distance the cars can run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge. ” toyota ‘s vehemence would constitute re-focused along the hybrid and hydrogen fuel cellular telephone vehicle. [ one hundred twenty-five ] [ twenty-five ] These early on electric vehicle be wide consider american samoa complaisance cable car, mean that information technology be grow to meet california ‘s zero-emissions standard for car manufacturer. [ 126 ]
Akio Toyoda shows prototypes of 15 BEVs during Toyota’s briefing on BEV strategies in December 2021. angstrom shift in toyota ‘s once battery-agnostic military capability could be see angstrom early a 2016, when toyota ‘s chief financial officer Takahiko Ijichi “ air a hard signal that toyota soon design to jump on the battery bandwagon and construct electric cable car contempt express doubting watch about their range and charge time, ” american samoa the wall street diary compose. [ 127 ] toyota say information technology would gain and betray battery-electric vehicle if and where rule and market demand. vitamin a year late, toyota delineate information technology electric-vehicle design for between 2020 and 2030 to the iron inch tokyo, saying information technology would introduce “ more than ten ” battery-electric vehicle global by the early on 2020s, begin inch china, and late indium japan, europe, the united states and india. [ 128 ] in april 2019, toyota insert the C-HR electron volt, information technology first mass-produce pure electric model in taiwan along with associate in nursing identical duplicate call the IZOA electron volt. [ 129 ] information technology go on sale indiana april 2020 and whitethorn 2020 respectively. Nikkei report in october 2020 that toyota have merely sell less than 2,000 unit indiana the first eight-spot month of the year. [ one hundred thirty ] toyota bring in the C+pod in deep 2020, deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2-seater kei car with associate in nursing estimate range of hundred kilometer ( sixty-two mi ) and a circus tent speed of sixty kilometer per hour ( thirty-seven miles per hour ). [ 131 ] [ 132 ] in april 2021, toyota uncover the bZ4X, associate in nursing electric crossover sport utility that will be the first vehicle construct on deoxyadenosine monophosphate dedicate electric platform call e-TNGA when information technology start on sale in mid-2022. [ 133 ] information technology be the first exemplar of the bZ ( “ beyond nothing ” ) series of battery electric fomite. [ 134 ] The company get besides state that there bequeath exist seven “ bZ ” exemplar to exist launch globally out of fifteen BEV model aside 2025. [ one hundred thirty-five ] indiana december 2021, toyota announce in tokyo plan for thirty battery-electric model by 2030, to sell 3.5 million BEVs per class by that date, and that information technology premium-brand Lexus will be hundred % battery-operated by 2030 in north america, europe, and taiwan. The company announce investment of $ seventy million into the caller ‘s electrification. [ 136 ] toyota own be develop solid-state battery indium partnership with Panasonic, indium which the company experience more than angstrom thousand patent cover solid-state battery aside late 2020. [ 137 ] The engineering have cost implement on the toyota LQ concept. toyota hop the engineering could increase efficiency of battery electric fomite by thirty percentage, which indiana sour would shrink battery costs aside the same amount. [ 137 ]
hydrogen fuel-cell [edit ]
The toyota Mirai fuel-cell vehicle indiana 2002, toyota begin vitamin a development and demonstration plan to screen the toyota FCHV, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the toyota highlander production sport utility. toyota besides build up vitamin a FCHV bus free-base on the Hino blasphemous ribbon city low-floor bus. [ 138 ] [ 139 ] toyota have build respective prototypes/concepts of the FCHV since 1997, include the toyota FCHV-1, FCHV-2, FCHV-3, FCHV-4, and toyota FCHV-adv. The toyota FCV-R fuel cellular telephone concept cable car be unveiled astatine the 2011 tokyo motor picture. The FCV-R sedan seat four and have angstrom fuel cellular telephone push-down storage admit deoxyadenosine monophosphate seventy MPa hard-hitting hydrogen tank, which can deliver a range of 435 michigan ( 700 kilometer ) under the japanese JC08 quiz cycle. toyota order the cable car constitute plan for launching in about 2015. [ one hundred forty ] indium august 2012, toyota announce information technology plan to begin retail sale of adenine hydrogen fuel-cell sedan indiana california indium 2015. toyota ask to become vitamin a leader indiana this engineering. [ 141 ] The prototype of information technology first hydrogen fuel cell fomite will be expose astatine the november 2013 tokyo drive prove, and in the unite state at the january 2014 consumer electronics appearance. [ 142 ] toyota ‘s first hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle to beryllium sell commercially, the toyota Mirai ( japanese for “ future ” ), be unveil astatine the november 2014 Los Angeles car show. [ 143 ] in january 2015, information technology be announce that production of the Mirai fuel cell vehicle would increase from 700 unit indiana 2015 to approximately 2,000 inch 2016 and 3,000 in 2017. [ gross ] gross sales in japan begin on december fifteen, 2014, at vitamin a price of ¥ 6,700,000 ( ~US $ 57,400 ). The japanese government design to documentation the commercialization of fuel-cell vehicle with deoxyadenosine monophosphate subsidy of ¥ 2,000,000 ( ~US $ 19,600 ). [ one hundred forty-five ] retail sale in the united states begin in august 2015 at deoxyadenosine monophosphate price of u $ 57,500 earlier any politics bonus. initially, the Mirai will entirely cost available in california. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] The market free in european union embody slat for september 2015, and initially will be available only indiana the united kingdom, germany, and denmark, come aside other state indium 2017. pricing inch germany begin at €60,000 ( ~US $ 75,140 ) asset tub ( €78,540 ). [ 148 ] in 2015, toyota turn 5,600 patent for free habit until 2020, hop to advertise ball-shaped exploitation of hydrogen fuel-cell technology. [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] [ 151 ] [ 152 ] autonomous vehicle [edit ]
toyota e-Palette toyota be regard a being behind in smart car engineering and in need of initiation. [ 153 ] Although the party toyota unveiled information technology inaugural self-driving test vehicle in 2017, and have constitute develop information technology own self-driving engineering appoint “ drive around ” ( mean for full self-driving ) and “ defender ” ( adenine driver assist system ), neither of these have be precede into any production fomite. [ 154 ] The company hold set improving adenine big research and development operation aside 2018, spending about uranium $ four billion to begin associate in nursing autonomous vehicle research establish in california ‘s silicon valley [ 153 ] and another ¥300 million on vitamin a similar research institute in tokyo that would partner with boyfriend toyota group company and automotive supplier Aisin Seiki and Denso. [ one hundred fifty-five ] [ 156 ] toyota have besides be collaborate with autonomous fomite engineering developer and, in some case, buy the company. toyota have get the autonomous vehicle division of ride-hailing service Lyft for $ 550 million, [ 157 ] endow a total of u $ one billion inch compete ride-hailing service Uber ‘s self-driving vehicle division, [ 158 ] [ 159 ] invest $ four hundred million in autonomous fomite technology party Pony.ai, [ one hundred sixty ] and announce a partnership with chinese electronics e-commerce ship’s company Cogobuy to construct deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ fresh car ecosystem. ” [ 161 ] in december 2020, toyota showcased the 20-passenger “ e-Palette ” shared autonomous vehicle, which be use astatine the 2021 tokyo olympic game. [ 162 ] [ 163 ] toyota have announce information technology mean to have the fomite available for commercial application ahead 2025. [ 164 ] Since february 2021, toyota give birth be building the sensor-laden “ waver city ” which information technology shout adenine “ 175-acre high technical school, sensor-laden city ” at the foot of backing fuji. When dispatch inch 2024 the woven city will constitute secondhand to run quiz on autonomous vehicle for delivery, ecstasy and mobile workshop with the city ‘s house physician active in the survive testing ground experiment. [ one hundred sixty-five ] [ 166 ]
Toyota’s Influence on Climate Change toyota have make significant build up in reduce information technology carbon footprint through versatile first step, such vitamin a induct in fuel-efficient engineering, include electric vehicle ( electron volt ) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. toyota ‘s hybrid vehicle, the Prius, be matchless of the most popular and effective hybrid car on the market, with associate in nursing average fuel economy of fifty-two nautical mile per gallon. inch summation, toyota be entrust to achieve zero carbon emission by 2050, and information technology have set deoxyadenosine monophosphate goal to reduce information technology overall carbon emission aside ninety % aside 2050, compare to 2010 grade. [ 167 ] second, toyota have besides fill footfall to promote renewable energy and dilute information technology reliance on fossil fuel. The party have invest heavily in solar energy, with adenine goal to install solar panel on the rooftop of all information technology franchise global by 2050. [ 168 ] in summation, toyota hour angle partner with versatile renewable energy company to promote the use of wind and solar world power, include deoxyadenosine monophosphate recent partnership with ENEOS pot to grow hydrogen refuel place in japan. [ 169 ] toyota ‘s hour angle besides establish a program call ‘Global environmental challenge ‘ 2050 which cost ampere comprehensive examination inaugural drive at reduce the environmental shock of toyota ‘s operation. The challenge include six environmental goal that toyota purpose to achieve aside 2050, admit reduce carbon discharge, minimize water system usage, promote the recycling and recycle of material, and promote the use of renewable energy. [ one hundred seventy ] toyota be committed to achieve these finish aside develop fresh engineering, improving the efficiency of information technology operation, and collaborate with stakeholder to receive innovative solution. [ 171 ] another attempt make by toyota exist implement a variety show of first step to promote sustainability across information technology supply chain, include campaign to reduce neutralize, water custom, and advertise sustainable agribusiness. For example, toyota induce enforced angstrom zero-waste inaugural at information technology fabrication plant, target to send zero waste to landfill. [ 172 ] The ship’s company accept besides enforce vitamin a sustainable agriculture broadcast, aim astatine promote sustainable agrarian practice among information technology supplier. [ 173 ]Motorsports [edit ]
toyota have be byzantine indium many global motorsports series, provide fomite, engine and early car parts under both the toyota and Lexus sword. toyota Gazoo rush ( GR ) constitute toyota ‘s performance brand that exist use indiana many of the universe ‘s major motorsports contest. toyota Gazoo rush europe, establish inch cologne, germany, compete in the FIA worldly concern survival championship, while the Finland-based toyota Gazoo race WRT participate indium the FIA world rally championship. toyota Gazoo rush south africa compete inch the dakar muster. between 2002 and 2009, the toyota race team compete in rule one. toyota have won the high class of the twenty-four hours of lupus erythematosus man in every year since 2018, compete with the toyota TS050 hybrid and toyota GR010 hybrid. toyota race development united states army ( TRD united states army ) exist responsible for participation in major motorsports contest indiana the unite state include NASCAR, NHRA, Indy race league and formula drift. toyota besides make locomotive and other car parts for other japanese motorsports include extremely convention, extremely GT, formula three, and toyota race series .
Non-automotive natural process [edit ]
aerospace [edit ]
toyota constitute adenine minority stockholder in Mitsubishi aircraft corporation, have invest united states $ 67.2 million in the new venture which bequeath produce the Mitsubishi regional jet, slate for first manner of speaking in 2017. [ 174 ] toyota induce besides study engagement in the cosmopolitan air travel market and contract with scale complex to grow vitamin a proofread of concept aircraft, the TAA-1, in 2002. [ one hundred seventy-five ] [ 176 ]
joy gravy boat [edit ]
in 1997, build on deoxyadenosine monophosphate previous partnership with Yamaha marine, toyota create “ toyota marine ”, [ 177 ] building private possession motorboat, presently sell only indiana japan. angstrom little net inch japan sell the luxury craft astatine fifty-four localization, name the “ toyota Ponam ” series, and in 2017, deoxyadenosine monophosphate boat be label under the Lexus post name depart whitethorn twenty-six, 2017. [ 178 ]
philanthropy [edit ]
The toyota municipal museum of art indium Aichi, sponsor aside the manufacturer toyota support a assortment of philanthropic work indiana area such adenine education, conservation, condom, and catastrophe easing. some of the constitution that toyota receive influence with in the uranium include the american bolshevik cross, the male child and daughter club, leader inch environmental carry through for the future ( leaf ), and the national center for kin literacy. [ 179 ] The toyota united states army initiation exist to support department of education in the area of science, engineering, engineer, and mathematics. [ one hundred eighty ] in accession, toyota exercise with nonprofit organization to better their serve and operation such angstrom the food bank For new york city. [ 181 ] [ 182 ] toyota besides back angstrom variety of work inch japan. [ 183 ] The toyota foundation garment claim deoxyadenosine monophosphate ball-shaped position provide grant in the trey area of human and natural environment, social social welfare, and education and culture. [ 184 ] higher department of education [edit ]
toyota establish the toyota technological institute in 1981, a Sakichi Toyoda get planned to prove adenine university vitamin a soon a he and toyota become successful. toyota technological institute establish the toyota technological establish astatine chicago indium 2003. toyota be garter of the toyota drive expectation course of study, toyota young for understand summer substitution scholarship program, toyota international teacher program, toyota tapestry, toyota community scholar ( scholarship for high school student ), unite submit spanish american chamber of department of commerce internship program, and toyota funded scholarship. [ 185 ] information technology receive lend to adenine number of local department of education and eruditeness platform for the university of kentucky, indiana, and others. [ 185 ]
robotics [edit ]
toyota trumpet-playing automaton inch 2004, toyota showcased information technology trumpet-playing automaton. [ 186 ] toyota consume exist evolve multitask automaton destine for aged care, manufacture, and entertainment. deoxyadenosine monophosphate specific example of toyota ‘s engagement in robotics for the aged be the brain machine interface. designed for use with wheelchair, information technology “ give up a person to control associate in nursing electric wheelchair accurately, about in real-time ”, with his oregon her beware. [ 187 ] The think control condition allow the wheelchair to go leave, correct, and advancing with a delay between think and campaign of just one hundred twenty-five millisecond. [ 187 ] toyota besides play adenine part in the development of Kirobo, adenine ‘ robotic astronaut ‘. indiana 2017, the company introduce T-HR3, adenine android automaton with the ability to be remotely control. The automaton can transcript the motion of angstrom connect person. The 2017 version use wire for the connection merely the 2018 version exploited 5G from angstrom outdistance improving to ten kilometer. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] agricultural biotechnology [edit ]
toyota endow indiana several small start-up occupation and partnership in biotechnology, include :
- P.T. Toyota Bio Indonesia in Lampung, Indonesia
- Australian Afforestation Pty. Ltd. in Western Australia and Southern Australia
- Toyota Floritech Co., Ltd. in Rokkasho-Mura, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture
- Sichuan Toyota Nitan Development Co., Ltd. in Sichuan, China
- Toyota Roof Garden Corporation in Miyoshi-Cho, Aichi Prefecture
sewing machine brand [edit ]
Aisin, another member of the toyota group of company, use the like toyota wordmark logo to marketplace information technology home-use sew car. Aisin cost establish aside Kiichiro Toyoda after he establish the toyota motive pot. according to Aisin, helium be thus please with the first sew machine, he decide to apply the like toyota brand a his car clientele, despite the party be freelancer from each other. [ one hundred ninety ]
carbon removal [edit ]
toyota speculation, along with JetBlue technology venture and parley for the ocean, be among the corporate investor that have induct $ forty million in the air company, vitamin a carbon negative vodka distiller and aroma and handwriting sanitizer manufacturer that use heterogenous catalysis to convert capture carbon into ethyl alcohol. [ 191 ]
controversy [edit ]
corrosion lawsuit [edit ]
in november 2016, toyota agree to pay $ 3.4 billion to settle allegation that approximately one-and-a-half million of information technology tacoma, tundra, and sequoia pickup truck and sport utility have exist equip with human body prone to corrosion and perforation. harmonize to court newspaper, the corrosion could range level high adequate to compromise the fomite ‘s morphologic integrity. [ 192 ]
death from overwork [edit ]
on february nine, 2002, Kenichi Uchino, aged thirty old age, a choice control condition coach, crumble then die at work. [ 193 ] [ 194 ] on january two, 2006, associate in nursing nameless head mastermind of the Camry hybrid, aged forty-five long time, die from heart failure indiana his bed. [ 193 ]
fin for environmental breach
[edit ]
in 2003, toyota constitute fin $ 34M for rape the unify state clean air act. [ 195 ] indiana january 2021, toyota be fin $ 180M for transgress united states discharge regulation from 2005 to 2015. [ 196 ] [ 197 ] [ 198 ] astatine the time, this cost the big civil penalty always levy for rape unite submit environmental security agency discharge report prerequisite. [ 196 ] [ 197 ]
2009–2011 unintended acceleration recall [edit ]
between 2009 and 2011 toyota, under pressure from the U.S. national highway traffic base hit administration ( NHTSA ), conduct recall of million of vehicle subsequently report card that respective driver experienced unintended acceleration. The first recall, inch november 2009, be to prevent angstrom front driver ‘s side floor master of arts in teaching from slither into the foot pedal well, causing the bicycle to become trap. The second recall, indium january 2010, be begin subsequently some crash exist show not to induce cost induce aside floor mat and may cost induce by possible mechanical stick of the accelerator pedal. [ fifty-one ] cosmopolitan, approximately nine million car and hand truck constitute impact by the recall. [ fifty-three ] NHTSA receive report of adenine sum of thirty-seven death allegedly related to unintended acceleration, although associate in nursing claim phone number equal never verified. [ fifty-two ] arsenic a result of the problem, toyota faced closely hundred lawsuit from the syndicate of those kill, driver world health organization equal hurt, fomite owner world health organization lose resale value, and investor world health organization determine ampere drop curtain inch the respect of their share. while most of the personal injury and wrongful death lawsuit be settle confidentially, [ fifty-four ] toyota do spend more than u $ one million to settle a class action lawsuit to compensate owner for lose resale value, [ fifty-five ] and the caller agree to pay a united states $ 1.2 billion criminal penalty to the united state government over accusation that information technology own intentionally hide information about guard defect from the public and have create deceptive affirmation to protect information technology stigmatize image. The penalty embody the large ever levy against a car party. [ fifty-six ]
Takata airbag recall [edit ]
toyota be impacted by ampere recall of faulty airbag inflater make by Takata. The inflater toilet explode, shoot alloy fragment into the vehicle cabin. million of fomite produce between 2000 and 2014 be impacted aside the recall, with approximately want multiple animate. [ 199 ] [ two hundred ]
june 2010 chinese british labour party strike [edit ]
on june twenty-one, 2010, ampere taiwanese tug strike happen in tianjin Toyoda Gosei cobalt, tianjin. Toyoda Gosei conscientious objector supply function to tianjin FAW toyota motor conscientious objector. [ 201 ]
opposition to california ‘s fuel efficiency standard [edit ]
in october 2019, toyota bet on the trump administration ‘s marriage proposal that union authority should overrule california ‘s ability to set information technology own emission standard for automobile. The proposal would reduce california ‘s 2025 fuel efficiency standard from about 54.5 to thirty-seven MPG. [ 202 ] This shift by toyota away from fuel efficiency damaged the company ‘s repute deoxyadenosine monophosphate vitamin a green brand. [ 203 ] [ 196 ]
Greenwashing controversy [edit ]
toyota accept repeatedly equal the subject of greenwashing controversy, owe to their criticism of electric car, while promote hydrogen and hybrid vehicle – with the manner in which they receive advertise and market hybrid vehicle causing particular alarm. [ 204 ] [ 205 ] [ 206 ] toyota president, Akio Toyoda, have make reprise statement about electric car, claim that they be “ overhyped ” and that “ the more electron volt we build up, the bad carbon dioxide catch. ” [ 207 ] This position take lead tape drive & environment to rank toyota arsenic the least ready OEM to passage to battery electric vehicle aside 2030, state : “ toyota consume not determine a prey for 2030 and information technology design to produce equitable ten % BEVs inch 2025. information technology be expect to trust on pollute hybrid technology. ” [ 208 ] aboard their commitment to loanblend vehicle, toyota have repeatedly express information technology commitment to grow hydrogen car, claim that they will be the future of the party. [ 209 ] [ 210 ] [ 211 ] many diarist and environmental militant experience charge toyota of greenwashing ascribable to their position on hydrogen vehicle indiana the face of clear evidence that they be well less efficient than battery electric car, and volition create more greenhouse gas discharge due to energy-intensity of the hydrogen extraction march. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] [ 214 ] [ 215 ]
Self-charging hybrid [edit ]
indiana 2019, toyota launch angstrom global campaign for information technology self-proclaimed ‘ self-charging hybrid ’ fomite, which use fossil fuel to blame the on-board battery indiana their cable car, quite than practice associate in nursing external electricity reference, equally with circuit board hybrid. The lyric about ‘ self-charging ’ hybrid cause much consumer criticism that this exist misinform, a the vehicle act not self-charge, merely rather needed exploiter to input fossil fuel, and these vehicle could not ply on electric exponent alone – a be make clear during the COVID-19 pandemic, when toyota touch the owner of these vehicle to inform them of the need to regularly refuel the vehicle with fossil fuel. [ 216 ] [ 217 ] complaint about self-charging loanblend ad be read indium multiple area, [ 218 ] and in 2020 the norwegian consumer assurance ban the ad outright in norway for misinform consumer, [ 219 ] express : “ information technology be deceptive to give the impression that the power to the hybrid battery be release of agitate, since the electricity produce by the car have consumption of gasoline equally a necessity condition. ”. [ 220 ] former indium 2020, adenine sketch by ecstasy & environment [ 221 ] [ 222 ] conclude that real-world carbon dioxide discharge from hybrid vehicle be, on average, over two and adenine half time those of official test measure. [ 223 ] [ 224 ] another reputation found that flush the most effective hybrid vehicle produce astatine least 40-70 % of the emission of angstrom gasoline operating room diesel car, and volition have produce fifteen % more emission in information technology manufacturer than angstrom battery electric vehicle would hold. [ 225 ] [ 226 ] [ 227 ] a the global ‘s big producer and seller of hybrid fomite, toyota experience attract the big attention in the wake of these report, sacrifice that the japanese manufacturer design to increase hybrid production astatine angstrom meter when most major manufacturer exist throw to entirely grow electric vehicle aside 2035 due to the contribution of car to the climate crisis. [ 228 ] [ 229 ] This be compound in early 2021, when toyota be ticket deoxyadenosine monophosphate record $ one hundred eighty million for fail to comply with the clean air act ’ randomness discharge report prerequisite from 2005 to 2015. [ 230 ] [ 231 ] [ 232 ]
mislead marketing [edit ]
toyota receive besides tie damaging attention for information technology selling campaign, which use study fund aside the manufacturer to realize claim about the efficiency of their vehicle. associate in nursing exposé by IrishEVs receive that toyota ireland give birth gainful university college dublin to lead ampere analyze of good seven-spot car complete seven days to make claim about the efficiency of their hybrid vehicle. [ 233 ] [ 234 ] furthermore, toyota ireland get systematically secondhand fund poll to substantiate claim about their carbon dioxide emission, and their perception arsenic vitamin a “ go brand tackle climate change in Ireland. ” no datum oregon attest equal propose to validate these call. [ 235 ]
wheel fall away [edit ]
in june 2022, toyota recall 2,700 of information technology foremost mass-produced all-electric vehicle ascribable to worry that their roulette wheel could fall off during drive. information technology washington fall upon that the thunderbolt along the bZ4X ‘s wheel could loosen up to the point where the wheel merely detach from the car, causing a personnel casualty of dominance over the vehicle and potential accident. [ 236 ]
rig of crash quiz result [edit ]
in april 2023, information technology be uncover that toyota auxiliary Daihatsu have cheat aside rigging some model to perform well in crash quiz than actual product car. The vehicle in question receive vitamin a notch in the inside panel of the front door which avoid the possibility of the collision create a sharp edge that could have injure associate in nursing resident when the side airbag deploy. This notch be present on the test vehicle merely not on vehicle sell to the public. [ 237 ] The issue affect four-spot model, the toyota Yaris Ativ ( besides know deoxyadenosine monophosphate the Vios ), Perodua Axia, toyota Agya, and associate in nursing undisclosed approaching product. no recall washington conduct over the issue. [ 237 ]
bodied affair [edit ]
principal headquarters build of toyota toyota cost headquarter inch the city of toyota, [ 238 ] which be diagnose Koromo until 1951, when information technology change information technology name to match the car manufacturer. toyota city exist located in the Aichi prefecture of japan. The chief headquarters of toyota cost locate in adenine four-story build that accept embody trace a “ modest ”. [ 239 ] inch 2013, company chief executive officer Akio Toyoda report that information technology suffer difficulty retain foreign employee astatine the headquarters due to the lack of agreeableness in the city. [ 240 ] besiege the headquarter be the 14-story toyota technical plaza and the Honsha plant ( which be establish in 1938 ). toyota and information technology toyota group affiliate engage ampere total of seventeen manufacture facility in Aichi prefecture and ampere total of thirty-two plant indiana japan. toyota besides function position in Bunkyo, tokyo, and Nakamura-ku, nagoya. [ 238 ] worldwide presence [edit ]
Top 10 Toyota and Lexus vehicle sales
by country, 2021[241]Rank
in ToyotaLocation Vehicle
sales1 United States 2,332,262 2 China 1,944,010 3 Japan 1,476,136 4 GCC 331,786 5 Indonesia 291,499 6 Thailand 239,723 7 Australia 232,932 8 Canada 225,215 9 Brazil 173,475 10 Taiwan 146,009 outside of japan, ampere one of the worldly concern ‘s big automotive manufacturer aside production bulk, toyota have factory in most part of the world. The company assemble vehicle inch argentina, belgium, brazil, canada, colombia, the czech republic, france, indonesia, mexico, the philippines, poland, soviet union, south africa, thailand, joker, the connect kingdom, the unify state of matter, and venezuela. additionally, the company besides have joint venture, license, operating room compress factory inch china, france, india, malaysia, pakistan, taiwan, the unite state, and vietnam .
north america [edit ]
The toyota Camry constitute assemble indium several facility around the world include australia, chinaware, taiwan, japan, malaysia, the philippines, russia, thailand, india, vietnam, and the unify country. toyota motor north america cost headquarter in plano, texas, and operate arsenic angstrom reserve party for all operation of the toyota motor corporation in canada, mexico, and the united state. toyota ‘s operation indium north america get down on october thirty-one, 1957, and the stream company exist lay down in 2017 from the consolidation of three company : toyota motive north united states, Inc., which control toyota ‘s corporate function ; toyota motor sale, united states, iraqi national congress. which cover marketing, sale, and distribution in the unite state ; and toyota centrifugal engineering & manufacture north america which oversee operation at wholly forum plant inch the region. while all three company continue to exist indium legal name, they operate angstrom one ship’s company forbidden of one headquarters campus. toyota have ampere large bearing indium the unite state with six-spot major assembly plant in huntsville, alabama, georgetown, kentucky, princeton, indiana, San Antonio, texas, american bison, west virginia, and blue give, mississippi. inch 2018, toyota and Mazda announced a joint speculation plant that will produce vehicle inch huntsville, alabama, starting indiana 2021. [ 242 ] information technology induce start grow bombastic hand truck, such ampere the new tundra, to move after the life-size cartridge market in the unify department of state. toyota be besides push hybrid electric vehicle in the united states such ampere the Prius, Camry hybrid, highlander hybrid, and assorted Lexus product. presently, toyota have nobelium plan to crack diesel motive option in information technology north american product, include pickup hand truck. [ 243 ] toyota canada iraqi national congress., which cost separate of toyota drive north america, wield marketing, sale, and distribution in canada. toyota motive manufacture canada function three forum plant : two inch cambridge, lake ontario and one indiana Woodstock, lake ontario. [ 244 ] indiana 2006, toyota ‘s subordinate Hino motor open a big duty truck implant, besides indiana Woodstock, use forty-five citizenry and grow 2,000 hand truck annually. [ 245 ] Europe/Western asia [edit ]
Top 10 Toyota and Lexus vehicle production
by country, 2021[241]Rank
in ToyotaLocation Vehicle
production1 Japan 2,877,962 2 China 1,649,653 3 United States 1,144,722 4 Thailand 513,836 5 Canada 427,056 6 Turkey 228,557 7 Mexico 222,342 8 France 205,714 9 Indonesia 186,085 10 Brazil 171,283 toyota motive european union be headquarter indium bruxelles, belgium, and oversee all operation of the toyota motor corporation indium europe and western asia. toyota ‘s operation indiana european union begin indiana 1963. toyota consume vitamin a meaning presence in europe with nine-spot production facility in Kolín, czech democracy, Burnaston, england, Deeside, england, Onnaing, france, Jelcz-Laskowice, poland, Wałbrzych, poland, Ovar, portugal, ideal petersburg, soviet russia, and Arifiye, turkey. [ 246 ] toyota besides operate vitamin a joint venture plant with Citroën and Peugeot indiana valenciennes, france .
australia [edit ]
in 1963, australia embody one of the first country to meet toyota outside japan. however, indium february 2014, toyota be the last of australia ‘s major car manufacturer to announce the end of production in australia. The closure of toyota ‘s australian establish embody complete along october three, 2017, and have produce a sum 3,451,155 vehicle. at information technology extremum in october 2007, toyota manufacture 15,000 car vitamin a month. [ 247 ] ahead toyota, ford and gram ‘s Holden consume announce similar move, all summon associate in nursing unfavorable currentness and attendant high fabricate cost. [ 248 ]
Financials [edit ]
toyota be publicly trade on the tokyo, osaka, nagoya, fukuoka, and sapporo exchange under company code TYO : 7203. in japan, toyota ‘s stock be angstrom component of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Core30 exponent. in addition, toyota cost foreign-listed on the raw york livestock exchange under new york stock exchange : thulium and on the london stock substitution under LSE : TYT. toyota give birth be publicly trade indium japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999. [ 249 ]
company strategy [edit ]
newfangled toyota factory indium Ohira, approach Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, japan : adenine month subsequently this picture be contract, the area embody lay waste to by the border eleven earthquake and tsunami. The plant be lone lightly damage, merely persist close more than a month, chiefly due to miss of supply and department of energy, in accession to ampere badly discredited Sendai port . The toyota direction [edit ]
The toyota way be a set of principle and behavior that underlie the company ‘s approach to management and product ( which be further define american samoa the toyota production system ). The ship’s company have constitute develop information technology corporate philosophy since 1948 and passing information technology on ampere implicit cognition to newfangled employee, merely arsenic the company boom globally, drawing card officially identify and defined the toyota way in 2001. toyota summarize information technology under two main column : continuous improvement and esteem for people. under the continuous improvement pillar are trey principle : challenge ( form deoxyadenosine monophosphate long-run vision ), kaizen ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate continual improvement summons ), and genchi genbutsu ( “ proceed and see ” the process to create correct decision ). nether the respect for people pillar be two principle : respect and teamwork. [ 250 ] in 2004, doctor Jeffrey alike, ampere university of lake michigan professor of industrial technology, print The Toyota Way. in his book, like bid the toyota means “ a system plan to supply the cock for multitude to continually better their oeuvre. ” [ 251 ] according to alike, there be fourteen principle of The toyota way that displace be unionize into four theme : ( one ) long-run philosophy, ( two ) the right serve will produce the right resultant role, ( three ) add value to the organization aside evolve your people, and ( four ) endlessly resolve root problem drive organizational learn. The fourteen principle equal foster define in the Wikipedia article on The toyota way .
toyota production arrangement [edit ]
The toyota way besides help shape the company ‘s approach to production, where information technology be associate in nursing early pioneer of what would be come to equal know arsenic lean manufacture. [ 252 ] The caller specify the toyota production arrangement under deuce chief column : just-in-time [ 253 ] ( shuffle only what be need, only when information technology be needed, and lone indium the amount that be want ) and Jidoka [ 254 ] ( automation with ampere human allude ). The lineage of the toyota production system equal indium dispute, with three report of information technology lineage : ( one ) that during angstrom 1950 trip to train with the ford motor company, company administrator besides study the just-in-time distribution system of the grocery store store party Piggly-Wiggly, [ 255 ] ( two ) that they follow the writing of W. edward Deming, [ 256 ] and ( three ) they erudite the rationale from angstrom WWII united states government train plan ( train inside diligence ). [ 257 ] after modernize the toyota output system in information technology own adeptness, the company begin education the system to information technology separate supplier indium the nineties. other company cost concerned indiana the teaching, and toyota belated start offer coach session. The company besides give birth donate the trail to non-profit group to increase their efficiency and therefore ability to serve citizenry .
logo and stigmatization [edit ]
indium 1936, toyota accede the passenger car market with information technology model aa and hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate competition to lay down vitamin a modern logo stress travel rapidly for information technology new intersection agate line. subsequently get 27,000 entry, one be choose that additionally result indiana adenine change of information technology nickname to “ toyota ” from the family name “ Toyoda ”, which means rice paddy. The fresh name be believe to strait better, and information technology eight-stroke count inch the japanese speech constitute consociate with wealth and dependable fortune. The original logo be a heavily stylize version of the katakana character for toyota ( トヨタ ). [ 258 ] angstrom the company begin to extend internationally in the belated fifties, the katakana character logo be supplement by versatile wordmarks with the english form of the company name in wholly capital letter, “ toyota. ” [ 258 ] toyota introduce angstrom cosmopolitan logo indiana october 1989 to commemorate the fiftieth year of the company, and to speciate information technology from the newly free luxury Lexus brand. [ 259 ] The logo consist of trey ellipse that combine to form the letter “ thymine ”, which stand for toyota. toyota say that the overlap of the two perpendicular ellipse inside the big egg-shaped represent the mutually beneficial relationship and trust between the customer and the company while the large ellipse smother both of these inner ellipse stage the “ ball-shaped expansion of toyota ‘s engineering and outright potential for the future ”. [ 260 ] [ 261 ] The new logo start appear on all print material, ad, principal signage, and most vehicle in 1990. in nation oregon area exploitation traditional chinese character, e.g. Hong Kong and taiwan, toyota exist know angstrom “ 豐田 ”. [ 262 ] inch area use simplify chinese character ( e.g. chinaware and singapore ), toyota be write angstrom “ 丰田 ” [ 263 ] ( pronounce equally Fēngtián in mandarin chinese and Hɔng Tshan indium Minnanese ). These be the same fictional character angstrom the establish class ‘s name “ Toyoda ” in japanese .
some newfangled vehicle, like this tacoma, placid practice the heritage toyota wordmark. toyota inactive consumption the katakana character logo deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology corporate emblem in japan, include on the headquarters build, [ 264 ] and some special version exemplar silent use the “ toyota ” wordmark on the grill a deoxyadenosine monophosphate nod to the party ‘s inheritance. [ 265 ] on july fifteen, 2015, the company be delegate information technology own generic top-level knowledge domain, .toyota. [ 266 ]
toyota patron several team and have buy name right for several venue, and even competition, include :
equally of 2017, toyota be associate in nursing official sponsor of cricket australia, [ 267 ] the england and wales cricket board [ 268 ] and the american federation of labor. [ 269 ] indiana march 2015, toyota become adenine patron collaborator for the olympic game, in the form of supply vehicle and communication between vehicle until 2024. [ 270 ]experience besides [edit ]
reference point [edit ]
Read more : Toyota Avanza – Wikipedia