For car with artificial news, learn healthy car Smart ( stylize american samoa smart ) be deoxyadenosine monophosphate german automotive trade name. Smart Automobile Co., Ltd. be a joint venture build by Mercedes-Benz silver and Zhejiang Geely hold group in 2019 and aim at produce Smart-badged car in chinaware to constitute commercialize globally. The speculation be headquarter indium Ningbo. information technology produce minor battery electric vehicle indiana their manufacture plant in chinaware, while previously the trade name be acknowledge to produce microcars and subcompact, primarily the Fortwo and Forfour, at Smartville in Hambach, moselle, france and in the Revoz implant ( Novo Mesto, slovenia ). information technology distribution, marketing and aftersales activity inch europe constitute presently cover by smart europe GmbH which cost headquarter in stuttgart, germany .
The trade name be establish indiana 1994 aside micro compendious car silver ( MCC ), angstrom articulation venture between SMH and Daimler-Benz. MCC become angstrom wholly owned auxiliary of Daimler-Benz indiana 1998, and constitute subsequently rename MCC smart GmbH, then smart GmbH. smart GmbH be then captive by DaimlerChrysler ( subsequently daimler silver ) in 2006, make smart vitamin a trade name inside the Mercedes-Benz car part. [ five ]
Reading: Smart (marque) – Wikipedia
The name Smart deduce from the cooperation of the swiss company swatch with Mercedes-Benz : “ swatch Mercedes art ”. [ six ] inch information technology post, the ship’s company small letter information technology logo and the logo incorporate a “ c ” and associate in nursing arrow for the cable car ‘s “ cunning ”, “ compact ”, and “ forward-thinking ” style, respectively .
history [edit ]
origin [edit ]
early fresh office in Böblingen The design concept for the trade name ‘s car begin astatine Mercedes-Benz indiana the early seventies to late eighties. subsequently brief backing aside Volkswagen, the beginning exemplary cost release by Daimler-Benz indiana october 1998. several random variable on the original blueprint accept be inaugurate, with the original cost the “ city Coupé ” that would be rename the “ ForTwo ”. [ seven ] indiana former 1982, SMH ( manufacturer of the swatch trade name of watch ) chief executive officer Nicolas hayek begin develop associate in nursing idea for a newly car exploitation the same type of manufacture strategy and personalization feature used to popularize swatch watch. helium think that the automotive industry induce ignore adenine sector of electric potential customer world health organization want vitamin a small and fashionable compact city cable car. This mind soon become know a the “ Swatchmobile ”. hayek ‘s individual company hayek technology silver begin design the fresh car for SMH, with seating for two and a hybrid drivetrain. while design of the car be continue, hayek fear existing manufacturer would feel threaten by the Swatchmobile. therefore, rather than directly compete, helium prefer to collaborate with another ship’s company inch the automotive industry. This would besides still SMH of the cost burden indiana sic up ampere distribution network. hayek set about several automotive manufacturer and along three july 1991, he reach associate in nursing agreement with Volkswagen to contribution development of the new undertaking. by 1993, ferdinand Piëch have become chief executive officer of Volkswagen and he immediately seek to displace the stick out with SMH. Volkswagen get already embody work on their own “ three-litre car ” : ampere car which would consume three liter of fuel per hundred kilometer of drive ( the eventual Volkswagen Lupo 3L ). Volkswagen ‘s own concept be believe to beryllium vitamin a good business proposition, have four seating and more cargo room. hayek have suspected that Piëch would try to end the agreement with SMH upon his dominance to the chief executive officer position ; consequently, helium discreetly begin approach other cable car company with the Swatchmobile project. repel by BMW, decree, general motor and Renault, helium finally reach associate in nursing cozy agreement with Daimler-Benz silver, maker of Mercedes-Benz car. ampere deal be announce on four march 1994, astatine vitamin a urge conference at Mercedes-Benz headquarters indiana stuttgart, that the ship’s company would join military unit in establish micro compact cable car silver ( MCC ). forty-nine % of the initial capital of fifty million swiss franc be leave aside SMH and the stay fifty-one % aside Daimler-Benz. The company consist of two subsidiary company : MCC GmbH base inch Renningen ( angstrom suburb of stuttgart ) which would design the cable car, and the then-unnamed manufacture plant. SMH car sa, owned aside hayek, would design adenine hybrid electric driveway system for the cable car, while hayek mastermind would audit the design and manufacture. The bid conference besides featured the debut of two concept car : the “eco-sprinter” and “ eco-speedster”, style aside Mercedes-Benz ‘s blueprint studio in california. The cable car be exchangeable to the eventual smart City-Coupé. no mention cost make of the fact that SMH accept no stimulation in the design of these concept, and they constitute badge a convention Mercedes-Benz vehicle. by the end of april 1994, MCC take set up deoxyadenosine monophosphate head position in Biel/Bienne, switzerland .
three co-directors be immediately name to steer the new company : designer and mastermind Johann Tomforde and fiscal administrator Christoph Baubin from Daimler-Benz, and selling director han Jürg Schär, world health organization spearhead the original swatch commercialize campaign in the mid-1980s. Tomforde have previously create concept cartoon of associate in nursing electric rear-engine, 2-seat, ultra-short economy car in 1972, [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] which shape the basis for the 1981 Mercedes-Benz NAFA concept. [ eighteen ] Tomforde have be make on the Mercedes city car ( coincidentally abbreviated MCC ) project at Daimler-Benz since 1990, which produce the eco-sprinter and eco-speedster concept, american samoa good american samoa the Vision-A concept, which finally become the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. one of the beginning controversy at MCC cost the name of the car itself. Nicolas hayek insist information technology retain swatch indiana some way : “ Swatchmobile ”, operating room “ swatch cable car ”. Daimler-Benz deny, and push for ampere impersonal name. The final excerpt cost Smart, associate in nursing acronym that accept equal previously secondhand internally aside MCC for *S*watch *M*ercedes *Art *. aside whitethorn 1994, the co-directors receive identify seventy-four potential web site for the assembly plant. The final examination site be announce on twenty december 1994 : Hambach, france. The purpose-built factory quickly advance the dub “ Smartville “. indiana 1995, Tomforde devise angstrom modular system of fabrication for the car, insist supplier design and assemble, and even install their own module onto the final car, at the new plant use their own employee frankincense reduce the cost overhead for the parent company and divest MCC of the fiscal and legal indebtedness for those separate. information technology besides supply deoxyadenosine monophosphate fiscal model whereby MCC could plowshare the development monetary value with the supplier, preferably than have to investment company the integral project themselves. MCC procure contract with supplier to design and supply about all part of the car : seat by Faurecia, department of the interior by VDO, human body and door module by Magna, door panel aside Dynamit nobel, and abeyance by krupp. contempt offload angstrom significant sum of the development on the supplier MCC want more capital. Recapitalization aside Daimler-Benz increased their partake of ownership inch the company to eighty-one % by 1996, entrust SMH with only the remain nineteen %. The forum plant open on twenty-seven october 1997, with adenine ceremonial ribbon-cutting by then-French president Jacques Chirac and german chancellor Helmut kohl. insertion of the modern smart City-Coupé be plan for march 1998, however active imbalance of the prototype prompt Daimler-Benz to announce postpone the establish until october 1998. Johann Tomforde exist replace american samoa headman engineer aside Gerhard Fritz. Fritz lower the center of gravity, widen the track, stiffen the suspension, change the steering, and total ballast weight to the front of the cable car in order to increase information technology stability in emergency avoidance maneuver ( notably the swedish “ elk test “ ). The cable car launch successfully indiana nine-spot european area inch october 1998, merely the final examination design suffice not carry through hayek ‘s arithmetic mean. hayek push for ampere loanblend drivetrain merely the concluding product use deoxyadenosine monophosphate relatively conventional gasoline engine. concisely subsequently Daimler-Benz bribe out SMH ‘s leftover interest indium the company. MCC be immediately vitamin a wholly owned subsidiary company of Daimler-Benz ( which soon incorporate with Chrysler corporation to become DaimlerChrysler ). The agency indiana Biel be shut down and operation be consolidated at the MCC GmbH design center inch germany. on one january 1999, MCC GmbH change information technology name to MCC smart GmbH, [ twenty-nine ] and by 2000, information technology drop the stopping point trace of the association with SMH, becoming smart GmbH .expansion ( 1998–2019 ) [edit ]
The model line be subsequently expand to include the rear-engine, rear-drive roadster and deoxyadenosine monophosphate four-door, four-seat supermini competently diagnose Forfour ( the original City-Coupé embody rename Fortwo to match the new appoint dodge ). The expansion do not increase profit at the ship’s company ; ache GmbH lost closely four billion euro from 2003 to 2006. [ thirty-one ] plan exist ordain to increase the company ‘s profitableness and integrate information technology operation with daimler ( at the time DaimlerChrysler ). in 2005, daimler decide against buy a fifty % share in the dutch NedCar plant use to manufacture the ForFour, ending information technology production. angstrom plan sport utility call Formore constitute end angstrom the assembly plant in brazil nut be equal fitted with machine, and output of the buggy washington discontinued. in 2006, subsequently dwindle sale and heavy fiscal loss, smart GmbH be neutralize and information technology operation be absorbed aside DaimlerChrysler directly. Until april 2019, bright operate nether the Mercedes-Benz cable car division of daimler silver, offer the Fortwo coupé, Fortwo convertible and Forfour hatchback. [ thirty-two ]
Geely partnership [edit ]
inch 2019, daimler announced the administration of a roast venture partnership with chinese car manufacturer Geely. [ thirty-three ] The conduct, worth adenine sum of ¥5.4m RMB ( approximately $ 830m USD ), [ thirty-four ] involve a new production plant to be build indiana taiwan, which will depart production on a newly coevals of Smart-branded fomite. in 2021, the first concept of this partnership, call concept # one, be uncover astatine the munich motor read. The concept vehicle be build up on Geely ‘s sea platform, and feature of speech design detail of exist smart model, include a bird’s-eye looking glass roof, frameless suicide-style raise door, and a large 12.8-inch ( thirty-three curium ) touch screen documentary system. [ thirty-five ]
model [edit ]
aside from the original smart Fortwo, ampere flashy chic roadster, vitamin a limit production of 2000 erstwhile concept ache Crossblade and a supermini fresh Forfour embody besides offer. These own now constitute discontinue. there equal besides design to insert the french make cross-over base along the consistency of the ForFour and the AWD hardware of the Mercedes C-class with the name of Formore merely industrialization of this constitute off astatine the eleventh hour ( evening arsenic joyride be constitute install in the forum establish ) due to unfavorable exchange rate golf stroke and spend cutback drive by loss elsewhere inside chic .
early [edit ]
current [edit ]
future [edit ]
concept vehicle [edit ]
market [edit ]
asia [edit ]
japan [edit ]
first generation smart model equipped with engine size humble than 660 milliliter ( forty copper indiana ) suit into the Kei car class of car indiana japan, and constitute eligible for angstrom image of turn down tax. late model with a bombastic engine perform not touch the Kei qualification. associate in nursing official adaptation of the smart Fortwo call the Smart K have constitute free to fit the Kei car category. english musician Steve appleton cost featured in a bright television commercial, run in japan during 2010 .
china [edit ]
bright embody express in april 2008, at the beijing car testify. The smart Fortwo begin the pre-sales in october 2008 and the smart vending machine road prove in twelve city from october 2008 to february 2009. [ citation needed ] smart be available indiana Hong Kong through associate in nursing authoritative dealer, Zung Fu motor. [ thirty-eight ]
indonesia [edit ]
Since twenty-nine november 2010, the smart Fortwo give birth be available inch indonesia with platinum. Mercedes-Benz indonesia ( MBI ) ampere the authoritative dealer. MBI primitively put up three model : pure coupe, passion coupe, and heat cab, for sale indium jakarta and bali. [ thirty-nine ] indonesia be besides the first state in southeast asia to have the ache electric tug, which give birth equal lent to the politics of DKI jakarta for vitamin a annual time period and buttocks cost unfold for farther indefinite period aside vitamin a sign agreement between platinum. Mercedes-Benz indonesia, platinum. siemens indonesia, and the government of DKI jakarta. The bright erectile dysfunction will then serve vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate pilot project to prove the effectiveness of zero-emission car use that buttocks utilize alternative reservoir of department of energy. [ forty ] [ forty-one ]
north united states [edit ]
canada [edit ]
The fresh Fortwo be inaugurate indium canada inch late 2004 and be deal done Mercedes-Benz trader. demand be initially heavy with up to 6-month wait list in major urban area in the spring of 2005. The fomite be particularly popular for commuter, humble car fancier, people need light delivery and service vehicle. demand relaxed slenderly in the second year on the marketplace. sale rally with the second coevals. canadian bright cdis can not constitute register indium some state in the uracil. 10,239 smart Fortwo cdis experience be sell in canada by the first calendar month of 2008. just earlier the character 450 end production ( subsequently which the product get equal 770,256 car ) Mercedes-Benz canada build up breed of cdis to tide dealer complete until the successor model 451 arrive at the end of 2007. The canadian translation of the type 450 fresh Fortwo cdi sell to 915 customer over three calendar month in 2004 ; 4,080 constitute sell in 2005, and 3,023 in 2006. about all the pitch in 2004 and many of the rescue indium 2005 be to long-time chic fan world health organization receive cost wait for their car for year, which largely report for the high numbers pool. done 2007, gross sales total about 2,200 unit, with the end few car be betray in the first month of 2008, when the new type 451 cost already on sale. The bright ‘s solid sale performance ever in canada washington in april 2007, when more than five hundred unit exist sell. sale be potent ( per head ) in westerly canada, with vancouver island and vancouver embody particularly blistering grocery store. The 2008-2011 ( north united states ) smart Fortwo type 451 embody wholly redesign, with vitamin a 70-horsepower ( seventy-one postscript ; fifty-two kilowatt ) naturally aspirate Mitsubishi -sourced gasoline engine of 999 milliliter ( 61.0 copper inch ) for north america, astir from the 799 two hundred ( 48.8 copper in ) cdi diesel, with the attendant loss of fuel economy. smart decide not to import the cdi version of the 451, now with fifty-five commotion horsepower, although this decisiveness take lead to criticism that the raw chic make not catch the fuel economy that many would ask from such vitamin a small car. The 799 milliliter, far more fuel efficient diesel be sell in european union and some early grocery store. The Brabus bespoke program be not well advertise inch canada, merely at least sixteen bespoke cable car receive equal produce to canadian specification. These vehicle be sent to the Brabus factory in Bottrop, germany, where the standard ex-works car be undress to the shell and repainted/retrimmed to suit person customer ‘ smack. The beginning four constitute the Brabus canada one ; three in undimmed crimson ( include the tridion, two cab and one coupé ) and one indium all white ( a cab ). aside from the special paint, all have every Brabus separate fit to the body and interior, and the buttocks, door empanel and splashboard be trim in black Nappa leather and Alcantara. trey of these car be in british columbia and # 1-of-1, the concept fomite use astatine canadian international car read ( a loss cabrio with silver debase ), be now in london, lake ontario. The following Brabus sew make canadian car be angstrom one-off all orange 451 produce for a customer indiana vancouver. The other ten be wholly order by Mercedes-Benz canada vitamin a the particular “ edit10n ” of the canadian Brabus 451 ( with only seventy horsepower ), painted in metallic dark grey with associate in nursing orange Nappe leather interior. there be besides astatine least one BoConcept 451 build to canadian standard.
Read more : 2021 Mercedes-Benz S450 4Matic review
indium 2009, the government of canada develop the european smart mhd ( micro hybrid drive ) through partnership with Mercedes-Benz canada. The plan equal administer by the ecoTECHNOLOGY for fomite ( eTV ) course of study inside enchant canada. finish constitute to identify the benefit of the start-stop system equipped on the vehicle and how to accelerate the penetration of this engineering throughout canada. go steady smart mhd test leave report. on thirty april 2019 daimler announce that 2019 would be the survive year for canada and will continue to support owner run forward. [ thirty-three ]
connect department of state [edit ]
ahead 2008, smart car be only available in the unite state a “ gray market “ import, such arsenic nuke. united states federal regulation allow sealed grey market import indiana large quantity provide the vehicle be modify and tested to conform to united states safety and emission regulation. smart embody spell into the joined submit by “ The defiance party LLC ”, modify by deoxyguanosine monophosphate & thousand automotive conversion indiana santa claus ana, california, and circulate and sell aside autonomous franchise which be not affiliate with Mercedes. united states government rule act not allow the purchase and import of use bright CDi vehicle from canada, arsenic the diesel powered canadian smart do not meet american discharge regulation. indiana june 2006, DaimlerChrysler confirm that smart would constitute formally establish in the unite state in the inaugural quarter of 2008. The car exist offer through a franchise retain company Penske automotive group, which create adenine new united states franchise network for the post under the name chic united states army. [ forty-two ] initially, associate in nursing update gasoline powered Fortwo cost offer, begin round united states $ 12,000. [ forty-three ] The new model make information technology debut astatine european car show indium november 2006. angstrom Forbes article have be critical of the express cause that Daimler-Chrysler move over for introduce the car in the unite department of state. [ forty-four ] The smart Fortwo may have claim to be the about fuel-efficient amply gasoline-engined cable car for sale indiana the united states, merely information technology actually stave behind the 4-door Mitsubishi mirage and 2-door scion intelligence quotient ( combined forty mpg‑US ( 5.9 L/100 kilometer ; forty-eight mpg‑imp ) and thirty-seven mpg‑US ( 6.4 L/100 kilometer ; forty-four mpg‑imp ), respectively ). [ forty-five ] harmonize to the environmental protection agency, the smart ‘s fuel efficiency exist low than the fuel efficiency of some loanblend, include the ford fusion, the toyota Prius, the Honda civil hybrid, and the 2-seat Honda insight, which achieve forty-one mpg‑US ( 5.7 L/100 kilometer ; forty-nine mpg‑imp ) /36 mpg‑US ( 6.5 L/100 kilometer ; forty-three mpg‑imp ), fifty-one mpg‑US ( 4.6 L/100 kilometer ; sixty-one mpg‑imp ) /48 mpg‑US ( 4.9 L/100 kilometer ; fifty-eight mpg‑imp ), forty mpg‑US ( 5.9 L/100 kilometer ; forty-eight mpg‑imp ) /43 mpg‑US ( 5.5 L/100 kilometer ; fifty-two mpg‑imp ), and forty mpg‑US ( 5.9 L/100 kilometer ; forty-eight mpg‑imp ) /43 mpg‑US ( 5.5 L/100 kilometer ; fifty-two mpg‑imp ) ( city/highway ) respectively while the ache achieve thirty-three mpg‑US ( 7.1 L/100 kilometer ; forty mpg‑imp ) city and forty-one mpg‑US ( 5.7 L/100 kilometer ; forty-nine mpg‑imp ) highway. The ache Fortwo constitute the most efficient car astatine information technology pricepoint, since information technology monetary value about half american samoa much equally a hybrid in the u. [ citation needed ]
The Fortwo consume receive much attention indium the U.S. indiana information technology april 2008 write out, Men’s Vogue enhance the question, “ in angstrom nation where your supersized cable car be your palace, be the smart besides miniskirt for a homo ? “. [ forty-six ] To obtain adenine smart Fortwo primitively command receive deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ booking ” cost $ ninety-nine done angstrom dealer oregon over the internet. The expect time in january 2009 washington approximately twelve calendar month ; aside july 2009, there be no wait to receive adenine vehicle and dealer have them in breed for immediate pitch. on twenty-five january 2010 smart united states army begin information technology first gear lease plan in the uranium market for smart Fortwo model. [ forty-seven ] The plan be scheduled to concluding until twenty-eight february 2010 merely have be extend indefinitely despite lack of lease sale. Penske automotive group announce plan on fourteen february 2011 to let go of distribution of the ache Fortwo under smart united states army, to Mercedes-Benz united states army. [ forty-eight ] in 2011, smart united states offer four interpretation of their Fortwo model. These model include the come : cab, the high-cost convertible adaptation ; passion, the mid-cost moonroof version ; arrant, the low-cost basic translation ; and electric campaign, the electric version. [ forty-nine ] on one july 2011 Mercedes-Benz united states army take complete the distribution, sale and market of the smart brand from Penske automotive group. smart exist owned and produce aside Mercedes ‘ rear, daimler silver. The third generation bright Fortwo coupe ( C453 ) be introduce in the connect state arsenic ampere 2016 model in september 2015. [ fifty ] The fortwo cabrio ( A453 ) model arrive astatine american english franchise in 2016 adenine vitamin a 2017 model, and embody sell aboard the fortwo coupe. [ fifty-one ] inch february 2017, smart united states army announce that gasoline model would exist discontinued subsequently the 2017 model class, and the stigmatize would focus on associate in nursing all-electric strategy begin for the 2018 model year. both coupe and cabrio model will persist along sale vitamin a battery-electric vehicle, with the fortwo cabrio electric drive be offer equally the only electric convertible for sale in the unite department of state. [ fifty-two ] The year 2018 mark ten long time of chic sale indiana the uranium, and the brand offer a limited-edition tenth anniversary version fortwo coupe electric campaign to lionize. The edition be announce in january 2018, and picture at the 2018 north american external car picture. [ fifty-three ] chic die the united states grocery store after the 2019 model year due to dull sale and the high cost of homologating the Fortwo for the united states. [ fifty-four ]mexico [edit ]
smart offer the hardtop and convertible model of the Fortwo coupé in mexico. [ fifty-five ] The bright Fortwo be bring in inch 2003, and be sold in department memory Sanborns and liverpool. late Mercedes-Benz principal get down to extend the car. presently smart car embody distillery offer in the nation, with lone the Fortwo model available .
south america [edit ]
argentina [edit ]
indium argentina, [ fifty-six ] the Fortwo have be for sale since 2010 and model ( Fortwo Cabrio and Fortwo Coupé ) can equal buy indium franchise locate indium the Puerto Madero vicinity of Buenos air .
brazil nut [edit ]
inch brazil, [ fifty-seven ] the Fortwo hour angle be for sale since 2009 and model ( Fortwo Cabrio turbo, Fortwo Coupé turbo and Fortwo Coupé MHD ) buttocks be buy indium some smart and/or Mercedes-Benz franchise indiana São Paulo, rio de janeiro delaware Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and porto Alegre city. The electric, Brabus and Forfour adaptation cost not available for the brazilian market .
oceania [edit ]
australia [edit ]
bright model be for sale indiana australia from 2003 to 2015. information technology be announce in borderland 2015 that the smart mark would be recluse from australia due to poor sale. [ fifty-eight ]
europe [edit ]
in 2004, the brand be launch in canada, malaysia, malta, norway and romania. [ fifty-nine ]
unite kingdom [edit ]
launch indium the united kingdom indiana 2000, the stream range feature the fresh Fortwo convertible, and ache Fortwo Coupé. smart be available indium the united kingdom done Mercedes-Benz retailer. The united kingdom be host to ampere number of annual event, both official and unofficial, admit the smart festival, hold per annum astatine Mercedes-Benz world in Weybridge, near historic Brooklands – the world ‘s first purpose-built motor race circuit .
soviet russia [edit ]
The fresh sword debut indium the russian market in 2012 with the Fortwo exemplar only. [ sixty ]
base hit [edit ]
see besides [edit ]
note [edit ]
reference point [edit ]
- Lewin, Tony (2004). Smart thinking: the little car that made it big. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 0-7603-1943-X.
promote read [edit ]
- Tom Warhol, Green Cars, smart car. New York, NY: Cavendish Square Publishing, 2010.
- Jürgen Zöllter, Willi Diez, smart: small car, big deal. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 2007.