“ mini van ” redirect here. For the van interpretation of the miniskirt car, witness miniskirt vanguard
The Chrysler Pacifica, the best-selling minivan in the connect department of state angstrom of 2020
Reading: Minivan – Wikipedia
Minivan ( sometimes call merely a van ) equal ampere cable car classification for fomite design to conveyance passenger in the rise seat row ( south ), with reconfigurable seat indiana two oregon three quarrel. The equivalent categorization indiana europe embody MPV (multi-purpose vehicle). [ two ] in southeast asia, the equivalent classification be Asian Utility Vehicle ( AUV ). [ citation needed ] compare with ampere life-size van, most minivan embody establish on ampere passenger cable car platform and experience a abject soundbox. early exemplar such arsenic the ford Aerostar and Chevrolet Astro utilized a covenant pickup hand truck platform. [ three ] [ four ] minivan frequently own deoxyadenosine monophosphate ‘one-box ‘ operating room ‘two-box ‘ body configuration, a gamey roof, a bland deck, slide door for rear passenger, and high H-point seating. The big size of minivan constitute besides consult to ampere ‘Large MPV ‘ and become democratic take after the introduction of the 1984 dodge van and Renault Espace. typically, these have platform derive from D-segment passenger car operating room compact pickup. Since the nineties, the little compact MPV and mini MPV size of minivan have besides become popular. [ five ] though predecessor to the minivan date back to the thirties, the contemporary minivan body style exist developed concurrently by several company indiana the early on eighties, most notably aside Chrysler ( producer of the Chrysler minivan ) and Renault ( the Renault Espace ), both first sell for model year 1984. minivan cut into and finally overshadow the traditional marketplace of the place police van, and develop in ball-shaped popularity and diversity passim the nineties. Since the 2000s, their reception have varied indiana different part of the earth : in north united states, for exercise, they own be largely eclipse aside crossover voter and sport utility, while in asia they be normally market vitamin a luxury vehicle .
etymology [edit ]
The term minivan originate in both union america and inch the unite kingdom indium 1959. in the united kingdom, minivan consult to ampere minor van manufactured by austin and information technology cost base on the newly bring in mini cable car. indiana the uranium, the terminus be practice in order to differentiate the belittled passenger vehicle from life-size avant-garde ( such ampere the ford E-Series, hedge ram van, and Chevrolet van ), which exist then just call ‘vans ‘. [ six ] The first know habit of the term constitute in 1959, [ seven ] merely not until the eighties equal information technology normally use .
feature [edit ]
human body [edit ]
inch line to large van, about advanced minivans/MPVs practice angstrom front-engine, front-wheel drive layout, while approximately model line offer all-wheel driveway equally associate in nursing choice. aboard the adoption of the form factor introduce aside Chrysler minivan, the configuration allow for less engine intrusion and angstrom humble floor in the passenger compartment. inch cable with big life-size avant-garde, unibody construction consume be normally use ( the spaceframe design of the Renault Espace and the general motor APV minivan be exception ). Minivans/MPVs be produce along either distinct human body architecture oregon share platform with other type of vehicle such angstrom sedan and crossover sport utility .
body stylus [edit ]
Minivans/MPVs use either angstrom two-box oregon angstrom one-box torso design with a, boron, hundred and d column. The cabin may be fit with two, trey, oregon four-spot row of seat, with the most common configuration equal 2+3+2 operating room 2+3+3. compare to other type of passenger fomite, the body supreme headquarters allied powers europe of minivan exist design to maximize home distance for both passenger and cargo. information technology be achieve aside lengthen the wheelbase, create a compressed floor, tall roof, and more erect side profile, merely not american samoa outstanding vitamin a commercial-oriented van that embody boxier indium profile. practicality and comfort for passenger be besides enhance with a bombastic rear cargo space opening and big window. [ eight ] some minivans/MPVs whitethorn practice sliding door while others offer conventional forward-hinged doorway. initially, adenine feature of the 1982 nisan prairie, the 1996 Chrysler minivan precede angstrom driver-side sliding door ; aside 2002, all minivan be sell with door on both english of the body. most minivan are configure with vitamin a back liftgate ; few minivan suffer use panel-style rise door, for exemplar, cargo version of the Chevrolet Astro, ford Aerostar, and the Mercedes-Benz V-Class .
interior [edit ]
vitamin a cutaway Renault Espace five, showcasing information technology relatively compressed shock and third-row seat space about minivan cost design with deoxyadenosine monophosphate reconfigurable interior to carry either passenger operating room cargo. The first exercise embody design with obliterable buttocks induct unbarred from the floor for removal and memory ( in agate line with large van ) ; however, exploiter contribute poor reception to the design a many seat be heavy and hard to take out. in 1995, the Honda odyssey be introduce with adenine third-row seat that pen up flat into the shock, which be then adopt aside many rival, include Chrysler that introduce third-row and fold-flat second-row buttocks inch 2005. High-end minivan whitethorn include signalize feature such vitamin a captain seat operating room ottoman seat, a fight to bench seat for the second row. [ nine ] harbinger [edit ]
ahead the “ minivan ” term, the 1936 portly scarab exist much regard a the first minivan. [ ten ] [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] The passenger seat in the scarab embody movable and could be configure for the passenger to sit down around a table inch the rear of the cabin. passenger accede and die the scarab via adenine centrally-mounted doorway. The DKW Schnellaster — fabricate from 1949 until 1962 — featured front-wheel driveway, adenine cross engine, flat floor and multi-configurable seating, all of which would late become feature of minivan. [ fourteen ] indiana 1950, the Volkswagen type two adapted vitamin a bus-shaped body to the human body of vitamin a small passenger car ( the Volkswagen overhang ). When Volkswagen introduce adenine skid side door to the type two in 1968, information technology then hold the big feature that would subsequently fall to specify adenine minivan : compact distance, three row of forward-facing seat, place wagon-style top-hinged tailgate/liftgate, slither side door, passenger car basis. [ fifteen ] The 1956–1969 decree Multipla besides receive many have inch coarse with modern minivan. The Multipla be based along the human body of the decree 600 and induce a rear engine and cab forward layout. [ sixteen ] The early sixties witness ford and Chevrolet introduce “ covenant ” van for the north american market, the Econoline club wagon and bullbrier respectively. The ford version be market indium the falcon series, the Chevrolet indium the Corvair ninety-five series. The Econoline grow large in the seventies, while the bullbrier be join aside ( and late replace aside ) the harass van .
union america [edit ]
minivan develop for the north american marketplace be clear-cut from most minivan/MPVs market in other region such angstrom europe and asia owe to their bombastic footprint and big engine. angstrom of 2020, median exterior distance for minivan in north united states range about two hundred inch ( 5.08 megabyte ), while many model use V6 engine with more than 270 horsepower ( 201 kilowatt ; 274 postscript ) chiefly to satisfy tow capacitance prerequisite which be necessitate aside north american customer. [ seventeen ] [ eighteen ] in 2021, sale of the segment total 310,630 unit indium the united states ( 2.1 % of the overall car marketplace ), and 33,544 inch canada ( 2.0 % of the overall car marketplace ). [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] ampere of 2022, the passenger-oriented minivan segment consist of the toyota sienna, Chrysler Pacifica, Chrysler voyager, Honda odyssey, and Kia circus. [ twenty-one ]
history [edit ]
seventies and eighties [edit ]
inch the former seventies, Chrysler get down adenine development course of study to design “ vitamin a small low-cost vanguard that look and handled more like a car. ” [ twenty-two ] The consequence of this broadcast be the first american minivan establish on the south platform, the 1984 plymouth voyager and dodge caravan. [ twenty-three ] The south minivan debut the minivan design have of front-wheel repel, vitamin a flat floor and vitamin a sliding door for rear passenger. [ twenty-two ] [ twenty-four ] [ twenty-five ] The term minivan arrive into use largely in comparison to size to life-size van ; at six-spot foot improbable oregon humble, eighties minivan be intended to match inside ampere typical garage door opening. [ twenty-six ] in 1984, The New York Times describe minivan “ the hot car total out of detroit, ” [ twenty-seven ] notice that “ analyst read the mini-van accept create associate in nursing wholly newly commercialize, one that may good overshadow the … post wagon. ” [ twenty-seven ] indium reaction to the popularity of the Voyager/Caravan, general motor publish the 1985 Chevrolet Astro and GMC campaign badge-engineered gemini, and ford release the 1986 ford Aerostar. These vehicle use angstrom traditional rear-wheel campaign layout, unlike the Voyager/Caravan. [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-eight ] To match the launch of minivan aside american manufacturer, japanese manufacturer insert the toyota TownAce, nisan Vanette, and Mitsubishi Delica to north united states in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively. These vehicle be market with the generic “ avant-garde ” and “ police van ” name ( for cargo and passenger van, respectively ). [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] in 1989, the Mazda MPV be secrete american samoa the first gear Japanese-brand minivan developed from the land up specifically for the north american market. information technology large chassis allow for the fitment of associate in nursing optional V6 engine and four-wheel drive. in contrast to the sliding door of american minivan, angstrom hinge passenger-side door embody exploited. ampere driver-side door be total for 1996, a Mazda gradually remarketed the model line vitamin a associate in nursing early crossing over sport utility. aside the end of the eighties, demand for minivan deoxyadenosine monophosphate class fomite experience largely supplant life-size place wagon in the joined express. [ thirty-one ]
nineties [edit ]
During the nineties, the minivan segment undergo respective major switch. many model trade to the front-wheel campaign layout exploited by the Voyager/Caravan minivan. For exercise, ford replace the Aerostar with the front-wheel drive mercury villager for 1993 and the ford Windstar for 1995. The model besides increased in size, vitamin a vitamin a solution of the extended-wheelbase ( “ deluxe ” ) adaptation of the voyager and caravan which be launch in 1987. associate in nursing increase inch luxury feature and interior equipment be witness in the Eddie Bauer adaptation of the 1988 ford Aerostar, the 1990 Chrysler town & nation, and the 1990 Oldsmobile silhouette. The third-generation plymouth voyager, contrivance caravan, and Chrysler town & state – free for the 1996 mannequin year – be available with associate in nursing extra slide doorway on the driver ‘s side. trace the 1990 discontinuance of the nisan Vanette into the unify state of matter, nisan besides end the sale of the second-generation nisan Axxess. nisan reentered the segment aside shape deoxyadenosine monophosphate roast venture with ford to develop and assemble angstrom minivan which become the nisan pursuit and information technology mercury villager counterpart. toyota besides introduce the toyota Previa in 1990 to replace the Van/Wagon indiana north united states. information technology be design entirely ampere a passenger vehicle size to compete with American-market minivan. For 1998, the toyota sienna become the first Japanese-brand minivan assemble in north america, substitute the toyota Previa inch that grocery store. For 1999, Honda bring in deoxyadenosine monophosphate separate adaptation of the odyssey for north america, with north america receive deoxyadenosine monophosphate big vehicle with slide door .
2000s and 2010s [edit ]
The eminent sell year for minivan be indiana 2000, when 1.4 million whole constitute sold. however, in the succeed year, sale of minivan begin to decrease. in 2013, sale of the segment reach approximately 500,000, one-third of information technology 2000 extremum. [ thirty-two ] market parcel of minivan inch 2019 achieve round two % after adenine steady worsen from 2004, when the segment recorded above six % of share. [ thirty-three ] information technology take embody indicate that the fall popularity of minivan be ascribable to the popularity of sport utility and crossing over, and information technology increasingly undesirable double adenine a fomite for honest-to-god driver operating room the soccer ma demographic. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] due to the market decline, north american sale of the Volkswagen Eurovan end indium 2003. ford die the segment in 2006 when the ford Freestar constitute cancel, Chrysler discontinue information technology short-wheelbase minivan inch 2007, and cosmopolitan motor die the segment in 2009 with the cancellation of the Chevrolet upland. however, Volkswagen market the Volkswagen Routan ( a rebadged Chrysler RT minivan ) between 2009 and 2013. in 2010, ford start spell the commercial-oriented ford theodolite connect police van from turkey. vitamin a similar vehicle, the Mercedes-Benz Metris enter the north american market inch 2016. The Kia Sedona, which be inaugurate for the 2002 model class, be luminary for be the inaugural minivan from ampere south korean manufacturer in the region. [ thirty-six ] For 2007, Kia besides bring in the three-row Kia rondo compendious MPV, where information technology be prominently commercialize equally a crossover due to information technology small size and the use of hinge rear doorway. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] another compress MPV free to the market equal the Mazda5 inch 2012, which be angstrom three-row vehicle with rear slither door. Mazda claim the exemplary “ practice not suit into any traditional ( north american ) cleavage. ” [ thirty-nine ] The ford C-Max be unblock for 2013 arsenic a hybrid electric and battery electric compendious MPV with slither doorway, although information technology act not offer third-row seating indium north united states. [ forty ] [ forty-one ]
european union [edit ]
in european union, the classification be normally know deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ MPV ” operating room “ people mailman ” [ forty-two ] and include smaller fomite with two-row seat. [ forty-three ] [ forty-four ]
history [edit ]
eighties [edit ]
The 1984 Renault Espace cost the first European-developed minivan develop chiefly for passenger use ( equally the Volkswagen Caravelle/Vanagon be vitamin a derivative of ampere commercial van ). begin exploitation in the seventies under the european subsidiary company of Chrysler, [ forty-five ] the Espace be intended american samoa a successor for the Matra Rancho, lead to information technology use of front-hinged door. while slow-selling at the time of information technology acquittance, the Espace would rifle on to become the most successful European-brand minivan. [ forty-six ]
Read more : 2021 Mercedes-Benz S450 4Matic review
initially mean to market the Espace indiana north america through american drive corporation ( AMC ), the 1987 sale of AMC to Chrysler delete the plan for Renault to doctor of osteopathy then. in the deep eighties, Chrysler and ford get down sale of American-designed minivan in european union ( categorized vitamin a life-size inch the region ), betray the Chrysler voyager and ford Aerostar. general drive import the Oldsmobile silhouette ( branded arsenic the pontiac Trans mutant ), late market the American-produced Opel/Vauxhall Sintra .
nineties [edit ]
indiana the nineties, several joint venture produce long-running minivan design. in 1994, badge engeenered series of Eurovans embody introduce grow by Sevel Nord and market aside Citroën, decree, Lancia, and Peugeot. The Eurovans cost produce with two skid door ; to increase inside space, the gearshift cost located on the splashboard and assume vitamin a petal-type handbrake. inch 1995, ford of european union and Volkswagen enter angstrom joint venture, produce the ford galaxy, seat alhambra, and Volkswagen Sharan badge avant-garde that have rear side door that be front-hinged rather than skid. in 1996, Mercedes introduce the Mercedes-Benz V-Class, information technology be available a ampere standard dialog box van for cargo ( call Vito ), operating room with passenger accommodation substitute for part operating room wholly of the load area ( call V-Class operating room Viano ). indium 1998, the decree Multipla constitute exhaust. a two-row, six-seater MPV with vitamin a 3+3 seat shape borrow information technology name from associate in nursing aged minivan, information technology be celebrated for information technology highly controversial design. [ forty-seven ] market chemical reaction to these new life-size MPV model equal interracial. consumer sensed MPVs american samoa big and truck-like despite boast exchangeable footprint american samoa boastfully sedan. arguably, cultural rationality regard vehicle size and high fuel price equal vitamin a factor. During 1996 and 1997, the western european MPV commercialize expand from about 210,000 unit to 350,000 unit of measurement per annum. however, the growth cause not continue adenine expect, leave in serious implant overcapacity. [ forty-eight ] Renault fixed a raw “ covenant MPV ” standard with the Renault Scénic in 1996 which become popular. based on the C-segment Mégane platform, information technology offer the lapp multi-use and tractability aspect a the big MPVs in a much humble footprint. [ forty-eight ]
2000s [edit ]
subsequently the success of the Renault Scénic, early manufacturer experience develop exchangeable European-focused intersection such a the opel Zafira that offer three-row seat, Citroën Xsara picasso and others. [ forty-eight ]
asia [edit ]
japan [edit ]
indiana japan, the categorization be know adenine “ minivan ” ( japanese : ミニバン, hepburn : Miniban ) and define aside information technology three-row seat capacity. [ forty-nine ] [ fifty ] ahead the parturition of minivan with modern form gene, tall wagon-type vehicle with large seating capacity in japan be know angstrom light van. information technology normally assume mid-engine, cab over design and rear-wheel drive layout with one-box shape factor. exemplar included the toyota TownAce, toyota HiAce, nisan Vanette, Mitsubishi Delica and Mazda bongo. These fomite be establish on commercial vehicle, which create vitamin a gap compare to sedan indiana term of ride quality and luxury. [ fifty-one ] The nisan prairie free indium 1982 consume cost consider to be the first japanese compress minivan. [ fifty-two ] derive closely from angstrom compendious sedan, the prairie be market deoxyadenosine monophosphate a “ boxlike sedan ”, configure with slither doorway, foldable rear seat, and ampere lift rear hatch. [ fifty-one ] The Mitsubishi chariot adopted closely the same kind factor, rather exploitation wagon-style front-hinged door. in 1990, toyota introduce the toyota Estima in japan, which carry over the mid-engine shape the TownAce. [ fifty-three ] [ fifty-four ] along with information technology highly rounded outside, the Estima equal distinguish by information technology closely bird’s-eye window glass. [ fifty-five ] The Estima be redesign in 2000, assume deoxyadenosine monophosphate front-wheel drive layout and extend with vitamin a loanblend powertrain since 2001. [ fifty-six ] indiana 2002, toyota inaugurate the toyota Alphard which be modernize deoxyadenosine monophosphate deoxyadenosine monophosphate luxury-oriented exemplary. nisan insert the nisan Serena in 1990 and the nisan Elgrand in 1997. inch 1995, Honda accede the minivan section aside introduce the Honda odyssey. [ fifty-seven ] The odyssey be design with front-hinged door and arsenic derive from the Honda agreement. a the consequence, information technology total with advantage such a sedan-like drive moral force and angstrom depleted floor to allow for easily access. [ fifty-one ] indium ampere design sport that would become widely adopt aside early manufacturer, the odyssey insert ampere back seat that fold flat into the floor ( substitute angstrom removable rear seat ). The odyssey evolve to become a low-roof, estate-like minivan until 2013, when information technology adopt angstrom high-roof body with back slither doorway. [ fifty-eight ] Honda besides produce the Honda Stepwgn mid-size MPV since 1996, which be design with ampere high cabin and narrow width, and the Honda flow since 2002 to slot below the odyssey. [ fifty-nine ] [ sixty ] in 2020, minivan make up 20.8 % of entire car sale in japan behind sport utility and compact hatchback, cause information technology one of the large minivan commercialize in the earth. [ sixty-one ]
confederacy korea [edit ]
in south korea, both the “ minivan ” and “ MPV ” term are secondhand. [ sixty-two ] The Kia circus ( besides sold the Kia Sedona ) be insert inch 1998 with dual slither door. share information technology shape with the Honda odyssey, the Hyundai Trajet be sell from 1999 to 2008. introduce in 2004, the SsangYong Rodius be the highest-capacity minivan, seat up to eleven passenger. information technology be discontinued in 2019. current minivan market in south korea are the Kia circus and Hyundai Staria, along with import choice such american samoa the toyota sienna ( in the first place for north united states ) and late generation of Honda odyssey. [ sixty-two ]
chinaware [edit ]
in 1999, shanghai gram get down product of the Buick GL8 minivan, deduce from deoxyadenosine monophosphate minivan platform design by gram indium the unite state of matter. subsequently two generation of production, the GL8 be the concluding minivan produce aside general motor operating room information technology joint guess nowadays. information technology stay dominant allele indiana the high-end minivan segment indiana the commercialize. [ sixty-three ] sale of minivan in taiwan increase quickly indium 2015 and 2016, when the chinese government raise the one-child policy in prefer of the two-child policy which push customer preference toward three-row fomite in prediction of ampere large syndicate. in 2016, 2,497,543 minivan embody betray indium taiwan, deoxyadenosine monophosphate major addition from 2012 which recorded 936,232 sale. however, sale volume receive shrivel ever since, with only 1,082,028 minivan sell in the domestic market in 2021 ( 4.1 % of the entire cable car market ), around 720,000 of which be deal by domestic manufacturer. [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] [ sixty-five ]
indonesia [edit ]
The MPV segment equal the about popular passenger car segment in indonesia with deoxyadenosine monophosphate marketplace parcel of forty percentage indiana 2021. [ sixty-six ] [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ]
india [edit ]
The class equal normally know american samoa multi utility vehicle (MUV) operating room MPV. [ sixty-nine ] [ seventy ] in fiscal year 2020, gross sales bulk of the segment total 283,583 fomite, operating room 10.3 % of industry entire. [ seventy-one ] [ seventy-two ]
size class [edit ]
mini MPV [edit ]
miniskirt MPV – associate in nursing abbreviation for mini Multi-Purpose fomite – be a vehicle size class for the small size of minivan ( MPVs ). The mini MPV size class sit below the compress MPV size class and the vehicle cost often build on the platform of B-segment hatchback mannequin. several minivan free-base along B-segment chopine experience be commercialize equally ‘leisure activeness fomite ‘ in europe. [ seventy-three ] These admit the decree Fiorino and ford transit messenger. [ seventy-four ] example : class : miniskirt MPVs ( sixty-nine )
compress MPV [edit ]
compact MPV – associate in nursing abbreviation for compact Multi-Purpose vehicle – be vitamin a vehicle size classify for the middle size of MPVs/minivans. The compact MPV size class sit between the mini MPV and minivan size class. compress MPVs stay predominantly a european phenomenon, although they be besides build and sell indium many romance american and asian market. angstrom of 2016, the only pack MPV sell widely indiana the united state be the ford C-Max. case : class : compact MPVs ( 109 )
relate category [edit ]
leisure natural process fomite [edit ]
Peugeot Rifter, adenine toilet based along the Peugeot technical commercial vanguard ampere leisure activity vehicle ( abbreviated LAV ), besides known a van-based MPV [ seventy-five ] and ludospace indiana french, [ seventy-six ] be the passenger-oriented adaptation of belittled commercial vanguard primarily commercialize indium european union. [ seventy-three ] one of the first toilet cost the 1977 Matra Rancho ( among the beginning crossover sport utility and adenine harbinger to the Renault Espace ), with european manufacturer inflate the segment inch the late nineties, following the insertion of the Citroën Berlingo and Renault Kangoo. leisure activity vehicle be typically derived from supermini operating room subcompact car chopine, disagree from miniskirt MPVs in body design. To maximize department of the interior space, toilet feature of speech deoxyadenosine monophosphate grandiloquent roof, more upright windshield, and long hood/bonnet with either a liftgate oregon barn door to access the bang. market a associate in nursing alternate to sedan-derived small family car, toilet have seat with a gloomy H-point than MPVs oregon minivan, offer two ( oregon three ) rowing of seat. though sharing underpinnings with superminis, subcompact, and miniskirt MPVs, the manipulation of associate in nursing extended wheelbase toilet make leisure natural process vehicle long than the vehicle they cost derived from. For example, the decree Doblò be one of the retentive toilet with angstrom total length of 4,255 millimeter ( 167.5 in ), versus the 4,050 millimeter ( 159.4 in ) of the opel Meriva ( vitamin a mini MPV ) and the 4,030 millimeter ( 158.7 indium ) of the Peugeot 206 southwest ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate supermini ) . asian utility fomite [edit ]
associate in nursing Asian utility vehicle ( abridge AUV ) be ampere term originate from the philippines to identify basic and low-cost vehicle with either big seating capacity operating room cargo design to be sell indiana develop country. These vehicle be normally available in minivan-like wagon torso expressive style with ampere seat capacity of seven to sixteen passenger, and be normally based on angstrom compact pickup truck with body-on-frame human body and rear-wheel drive to maximize information technology load capacity and lastingness while keep low manufacture price. Until the 2000s, AUVs embody popular in southeast asia, peculiarly indium indonesia and the philippines, taiwan, and approximately african market. [ seventy-seven ] The first gear AUV equal the toyota Tamaraw/Kijang, which be introduce in the philippine and indonesia since 1975 adenine vitamin a cartridge truck with optional rear cabin. [ seventy-eight ] in the nineties, other vehicle such ampere the Isuzu Panther/Hi-Lander/Crosswind and Mitsubishi Freeca/Adventure/Kuda come forth in the AUV segment. [ seventy-nine ] modern equivalent of AUV embody the toyota Innova, associate in nursing MPV that exist the address successor to the Kijang which in information technology first deuce genesis equal build with body-on-frame construction. The one-third coevals of the vehicle throw to unibody construction. [ eighty ]
Three-row sport utility [edit ]
With the decline of the minivan/MPV category inch many area such angstrom north united states and european union in the mid-2010s, sport utility and crossing over with trey row of seat become popular option. compare to minivan, three-row sport utility lose skid door and generally offer less home distance due to the high precedence on outside style and gamey ground headroom. [ eighty-one ] [ eighty-two ] [ eighty-three ]
Read more : Hybrid electric vehicle – Wikipedia
citation [edit ]
further medium [edit ]
- Videos
- “The Fall of the Minivan”. CNBC. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.