YouTube – Wikipedia

Video-sharing and wake platform owned aside google
For the company ‘s channel along YouTube, see YouTube ( duct )

YouTube be associate in nursing american ball-shaped on-line video share and social medium platform headquarter in San leo ix, california, unite state. information technology constitute launch along february fourteen, 2005, aside Steve chen, chad Hurley, and yack Karim. information technology cost own aside google and cost the second about visit web site, subsequently google research. YouTube have more than 2.5 billion monthly user, [ seven ] world health organization jointly watch more than one billion hour of video recording each day. [ eight ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate of whitethorn 2019, video exist be upload at adenine rate of more than five hundred hour of content per moment. [ nine ] [ ten ]

Reading: YouTube – Wikipedia

in october 2006, YouTube be buy by google for $ 1.65 billion. [ eleven ] google ‘s ownership of YouTube elaborate the site ‘s business model, expand from generate tax income from ad alone to offer yield content such arsenic movie and exclusive subject produce aside YouTube. information technology besides crack YouTube premium, ampere pay subscription option for watch content without ad. YouTube besides approved godhead to participate in google ‘s AdSense program, which search to render more tax income for both party. YouTube reported tax income of $ 29.2 million in 2022. [ twelve ] in 2021, YouTube ‘s annual advertise tax income increase to $ 28.8 billion, associate in nursing increase indium tax income of nine million from the former year. [ one ] Since information technology leverage aside google, YouTube give birth expand beyond the kernel web site into mobile apps, network television receiver, and the ability to link with other platform. video class on YouTube include music television, video clip, newsworthiness, unretentive movie, have film, birdcall, documentary, movie dawdler, puzzle, know flow, vlogs, and more. most capacity cost generate by individual, include collaboration between YouTubers and corporate patron. establish medium pot such american samoa disney, overriding, NBCUniversal, and warner Bros. discovery own besides create and boom their corporate YouTube channels to advertise to adenine big audience. YouTube hour angle take unprecedented social affect, influence popular acculturation, internet course, and create multimillionaire celebrity. despite wholly information technology growth and success, YouTube give birth exist widely criticize. criticism of YouTube admit the web site constitute use to facilitate the bedspread of misinformation, copyright consequence, act irreverence of information technology user ‘ privacy, enabling censoring, their road map and how they cost enforced, and queer child base hit and wellbeing .

history

establish and initial growth ( 2005–2006 )

YouTube exist establish aside Steve chen, chad Hurley, and yack Karim. The trio equal early employee of PayPal, which left them enrich subsequently the company constitute buy by eBay. [ thirteen ] Hurley suffer studied design at the indiana university of pennsylvania, and chen and Karim study computer skill in concert at the university of illinois Urbana-Champaign. [ fourteen ] according to a narrative that have frequently be repeat in the medium, Hurley and chen develop the idea for YouTube during the early calendar month of 2005, after they experience feel difficulty communion video that experience embody changeable at vitamin a dinner party astatine chen ‘s apartment indium San Francisco. Karim perform not attend the party and deny that information technology take occur, merely chen note that the idea that YouTube constitute establish after adenine dinner party “ constitute credibly identical strengthen aside marketing theme around create vitamin a fib that equal very digestible ”. [ fifteen ] Karim read the inspiration for YouTube first derive from the super bowl thirty-eight halftime show controversy, when Janet jackson ‘s front equal concisely expose aside Justin Timberlake during the halftime show. Karim could not well witness video nip of the incidental and the 2004 indian ocean tsunami on-line, which precede to the idea of adenine video-sharing locate. [ sixteen ] Hurley and chen say that the original mind for YouTube be ampere video translation of associate in nursing on-line date service and have constitute influence aside the web site hot operating room not. [ fifteen ] [ seventeen ] They create post on Craigslist request attractive woman to upload video of themselves to YouTube indiana switch over for angstrom $ hundred reward. [ eighteen ] difficulty in find oneself enough date video lead to deoxyadenosine monophosphate change of plan, with the site ‘s laminitis decide to take upload of any video. [ nineteen ]
Broadcast Yourself” slogan was used until 2011. The YouTube logo secondhand from information technology establish until 2007 ; information technology retort inch 2008 earlier be remove again in 2010. another interpretation of this logo without the “ motto be use until 2011. YouTube begin american samoa a venture capital –funded technology startup. between november 2005 and april 2006, the caller raise money from versatile investor, with sequoia capital, $ 11.5 million, and Artis capital management, $ eight million, be the large deuce. [ thirteen ] [ twenty ] YouTube ‘s early headquarter be located above vitamin a pizzeria and ampere japanese restaurant indium San Mateo, california. [ twenty-one ] inch february 2005, the company activate www.youtube.com. [ twenty-two ] The beginning video equal upload on april twenty-three, 2005. entitle Me at the zoo, information technology testify co-founder chew the fat Karim astatine the San Diego menagerie and toilet calm constitute see on the web site. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] in whitethorn, the company launch ampere public beta and aside november, ampere nike ad have Ronaldinho become the first video recording to pass one million sum position. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] The site plunge formally along december fifteen, 2005, by which time the locate be receive eight million see angstrom day. [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] snip astatine the prison term be express to hundred megabyte, american samoa small ampere thirty second base of footage. [ twenty-nine ] YouTube cost not the first video-sharing web site on the internet ; Vimeo equal launch in november 2004, though that web site stay deoxyadenosine monophosphate side project of information technology developer from CollegeHumor astatine the meter and practice not grow much, either. [ thirty ] The workweek of YouTube ‘s launch, NBC-Universal ‘s Saturday Night Live run adenine skit “ lazy sunday “ aside The lone island. besides help to bolster denounce and long-run viewership for Saturday Night Live, “ faineant sunday ” ‘s status a associate in nursing early viral video help establish YouTube a associate in nursing significant web site. [ thirty-one ] unofficial upload of the skit to YouTube draw in more than five million collective view aside february 2006 ahead they cost removed when NBCUniversal request information technology two calendar month late establish on copyright concern. [ thirty-two ] contempt finally be claim polish, these duplicate upload of the skit help popularize YouTube ‘s range and run to the upload of more third-party content. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] The locate turn quickly ; in july 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 newfangled television be be upload every day and that the site constitute receive hundred million video recording see per day. [ thirty-five ] The choice of the appoint www.youtube.com conduct to trouble for a similarly diagnose web site, www.utube.com. That site ‘s owner, universal tube & Rollform equipment, file ampere lawsuit against YouTube in november 2006 after be regularly overload by citizenry search for YouTube. universal tube subsequently change information technology web site to www.utubeonline.com. [ thirty-six ] [ thirty-seven ]

circulate Yourself era ( 2006–2013 )

YouTube ‘s headquarters in San bruno, california on october nine, 2006, google announce that information technology suffer learn YouTube for $ 1.65 billion in google stock. [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ] The share exist finalize on november thirteen, 2006. [ forty ] [ forty-one ] google ‘s acquisition establish new newfound sake inch video-sharing model ; IAC, which now own Vimeo, focused along support the contented godhead to distinguish itself from YouTube. [ thirty ] information technology constitute at this prison term YouTube issue the motto “ circulate Yourself ”. The company have rapid growth. The Daily Telegraph write that in 2007, YouTube consume adenine much bandwidth ampere the integral internet indiana 2000. [ forty-two ] by 2010, the company consume reach deoxyadenosine monophosphate market share of around forty-three % and more than fourteen billion view of video recording, according to comScore. [ forty-three ] That year, the ship’s company simplified information technology interface to increase the time user would spend on the locate. [ forty-four ] in 2011, more than trey billion television equal be watch each sidereal day with forty-eight hour of newfangled television upload every minute. [ forty-five ] [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ] however, most of these view hail from vitamin a relatively belittled numeral of television ; harmonize to a software engineer astatine that time, thirty % of television report for ninety-nine % of view on the site. [ forty-eight ] That class, the company again changed information technology interface and at the same time, introduce vitamin a fresh logo with ampere dark shadow of red. [ forty-nine ] [ fifty ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate subsequent interface exchange, design to unite the experience across background, television receiver, and mobile, cost roll out indiana 2013. [ fifty-one ] aside that point, more than hundred hour be be upload every infinitesimal, increase to three hundred hour by november 2014. [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ]
YouTube logo from 2015 until 2017 During this prison term, the caller besides travel through some organizational exchange. indium october 2006, YouTube move to adenine new office in San bruno, california. [ fifty-four ] Hurley announce that he would exist step down arsenic a chief executive officer of YouTube to fill associate in nursing advisory role and that Salar Kamangar would take over adenine head of the company inch october 2010. [ fifty-five ] in december 2009, YouTube partner with Vevo. [ fifty-six ] indiana april 2010, lady crazy ‘s “ bad romance “ become the about view video, become the first base video recording to compass two hundred million position on may nine, 2010. [ fifty-seven ]

Susan Wojcicki and go mainstream ( 2014–2018 )

YouTube logo since 2017 Susan Wojcicki be appointed chief executive officer of YouTube inch february 2014. [ fifty-eight ] indium january 2016, YouTube expand information technology headquarters indium San bruno by buy associate in nursing office ballpark for $ 215 million. The complex have 51,468 hearty meter ( 554,000 public square foot ) of space and toilet family up to 2,800 employee. [ fifty-nine ] YouTube formally launch the “ polymer ” redesign of information technology user interface base on material design linguistic process ampere information technology default, equally well angstrom redesign logo that constitute build about the service ‘s playing period button emblem in august 2017. [ sixty ] through this menstruation, YouTube tested several new way to render gross beyond ad. indium 2013, YouTube launch a pilot program for content supplier to offer bounty, subscription-based distribution channel. [ sixty-one ] [ sixty-two ] This attempt embody discontinue inch january 2018 and relaunched in june, with uranium $ 4.99 channel subscription. [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] These impart subscription complement the existing extremely new world chat ability, launch indium 2017, which admit viewing audience to donate between $ one and $ five hundred to suffer their gossip highlight. [ sixty-five ] inch 2014, YouTube announced ampere subscription service acknowledge angstrom “ music key, ” which bundle ad-free cyclosis of music contentedness along YouTube with the existent google toy music military service. [ sixty-six ] The service retain to develop in 2015 when YouTube announce YouTube red, vitamin a new premium serve that would crack ad-free entree to all content on the platform ( future the music key service let go of the former year ), agio original serial, and film grow by YouTube personality, vitamin a well ampere background playback of content along mobile device. YouTube besides release YouTube music, a third app orient towards stream and discover the music subject host on the YouTube platform. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] [ sixty-nine ] The party besides attempted to make product attract to particular viewing audience. YouTube free adenine mobile app know deoxyadenosine monophosphate YouTube kid in 2015, design to supply associate in nursing experience optimize for child. information technology have a simplified user interface, curated choice of groove sport age-appropriate capacity, and parental control have. [ seventy ] besides indium 2015, YouTube launch YouTube Gaming—a television bet on -oriented vertical and app for video recording and live cyclosis, intend to compete with the Amazon.com -owned twitch. [ seventy-one ] The company be attack along april three, 2018, when adenine film occur astatine YouTube ‘s headquarter inch San bruno, california, which injure four-spot and result in one death ( the shooter ). [ seventy-two ]

holocene history ( 2019–present )

aside february 2017, one million hour of YouTube video be be watch every day, and four hundred hour worth of video equal upload every minute. [ eight ] [ seventy-three ] two days late, the upload have rise to more than five hundred hour per hour. [ nine ] During the COVID-19 pandemic, when most of the earth be under stay-at-home order, use of serve like YouTube importantly increased. one data tauten [ which? ] calculate that YouTube washington accounting for fifteen % of all internet dealings, doubly information technology pre-pandemic level. [ seventy-four ] indiana response to europium official request that such serve abridge bandwidth arsenic to make sure checkup entity accept sufficient bandwidth to share information, YouTube and Netflix express they would reduce cyclosis quality for at least thirty day ampere to cut bandwidth habit of their serve by twenty-five % to comply with the europium ‘s request. [ seventy-five ] YouTube later announce that they would cover with this move worldwide : “ We continue to oeuvre closely with government and network operator approximately the earth to perform our partially to minimize stress along the system during this unprecedented situation. ” [ seventy-six ] pursuit angstrom 2018 complaint allege rape of the child ‘s on-line privacy protection act ( COPPA ), [ seventy-seven ] the company be ticket $ one hundred seventy million aside the federal trade commission for collect personal information from child under the senesce of thirteen. [ seventy-eight ] YouTube equal besides ordered to create system to increase child ‘s privacy. [ seventy-nine ] [ eighty ] follow criticism of information technology execution of those system, YouTube originate treat wholly television indicate deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ make for pull the leg of ” vitamin a liable under COPPA on january six, 2020. [ eighty-one ] [ eighty-two ] joining the YouTube kid app, the party make adenine oversee mood, designed more for tweens, in 2021. [ eighty-three ] additionally, to compete with TikTok, YouTube publish YouTube drawers, ampere short-form video platform. During this time period, YouTube insert dispute with other technical school company. For over a year, in 2018 and 2019, nobelium YouTube app exist available for amazon ardor product. [ eighty-four ] in 2020, Roku get rid of the YouTube television receiver app from information technology streaming memory after the two company be ineffective to range associate in nursing agreement. [ eighty-five ] after testing earlier in 2021, YouTube murder public display of dislike count on television inch november 2021, claim the rationality for the removal equal, based along information technology inner research, that user much use the dislike feature adenine deoxyadenosine monophosphate form of cyberbullying and brigade. [ eighty-six ] while some exploiter praise the move a adenine direction to warn round, others felt that obscure dislike would name information technology hard for viewer to spot clickbait oregon unhelpful video and that other feature already exist for godhead to limit bullying. YouTube co-founder jawed Karim refer to the update adenine “ a dazed estimate ”, and that the real number cause behind the exchange be “ not ampere estimable one, and not one that will be publicly disclosed. ” he felt that drug user ‘ ability on a social platform to identify harmful capacity be essential, say, “ The procedure employment, and there ‘s deoxyadenosine monophosphate name for information technology : the wisdom of the crowd. The process break when the platform intervene with information technology. then, the platform constantly decline. ” [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] soon after the announcement, software developer Dmitry Selivanov create refund YouTube dislike, associate in nursing open-source, third-party browser elongation for chrome and Firefox that allow drug user to go steady vitamin a video ‘s count of disfavor. [ ninety ] in deoxyadenosine monophosphate letter print on january twenty-five, 2022 by then YouTube chief executive officer Susan Wojcicki, acknowledged that absent public disfavor count be adenine controversial decision, merely repeat that she stand aside this decisiveness, claim that “ information technology reduce dislike approach. ” [ ninety-one ] in 2022, YouTube plunge associate in nursing experiment where the company would show exploiter world health organization watch farseeing video on television receiver ampere long range of light unskippable attend, mean to consolidate all ad into the beginning of vitamin a video recording. play along public desecrate over the unprecedented amount of unskippable ad, YouTube “ complete ” the experiment on september nineteen of that year. [ ninety-two ] indiana october, YouTube announce that they would embody roll out customizable exploiter handle ( e.g. @ MrBeast6000 ) in addition to channel name, which would besides become channel url. [ ninety-three ] on february sixteen, 2023, Wojcicki announce that she would step down american samoa chief executive officer, with Neal Mohan identify american samoa her successor. Wojcicki will take on associate in nursing advisory character for google and parent company alphabet. [ ninety-four ]

aged leadership

YouTube hour angle be lead by deoxyadenosine monophosphate chief executive officer since information technology establish indiana 2005, and suffer retained this leadership model even after information technology learning aside google. The current chief executive officer be Neal Mohan, world health organization equal appoint on february sixteen, 2023. [ ninety-four ]

number of chief executive officer

feature

video engineering

YouTube chiefly practice the VP9 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video recording codecs, and the active adaptive stream over hypertext transfer protocol protocol. [ ninety-five ] MPEG-4 partially two stream control inside 3GP container be besides put up for first gear bandwidth connection. [ ninety-six ] by january 2019, YouTube experience begin roll out video indium AV1 format. [ ninety-seven ] in 2021 information technology be report that the company cost view necessitate AV1 inch cyclosis hardware in rate to decrease bandwidth and increase quality. [ ninety-eight ] video be normally stream aboard the musical composition and AAC audio codecs. [ ninety-six ] astatine launch in 2005, watch YouTube video recording on vitamin a personal computer want the adobe flash player circuit board to be install indium the browser. [ ninety-nine ] in january 2010, YouTube plunge associate in nursing experimental translation of the locate that use the built-in multimedia capability of web browser hold the HTML5 standard. [ hundred ] This give up video to be view without ask adobe flash actor operating room any early circuit board to embody install. [ hundred and one ] on january twenty-seven, 2015, YouTube announced that HTML5 would cost the default option playback method acting on defend browser. [ hundred ] HTML5 video recording flow use dynamic adaptive cyclosis complete hypertext transfer protocol ( MPEG-DASH ), associate in nursing HTTP-based adaptive bit-rate stream solution optimize the bitrate and quality for the available network. [ 102 ] The platform toilet serve video recording at optionally frown solution degree begin at 144p for smoothen playback indiana area and state with limited internet speed, better compatibility, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well deoxyadenosine monophosphate for the preservation of circumscribed cellular datum design. The resolution can be adjusted mechanically establish on detect connection rush operating room set manually. [ 103 ] [ 104 ] From 2008 to 2017, exploiter could add “ note ” to their videos—such deoxyadenosine monophosphate pop-up book text message and hyperlink, which allow for synergistic television. aside 2019 all annotation have be get rid of from video, break some television which count on the have. YouTube introduce standardize doodad mean to replace annotation indium vitamin a cross-platform manner, admit “ conclusion riddle ” ( a customizable range of thumbnail for specify video display cheeseparing the end of the video ). [ one hundred five ] [ 106 ] [ 107 ] inch 2018, YouTube become associate in nursing ISNI register, and announce information technology purpose to begin make ISNI identifier to uniquely identify the musician whose video recording information technology feature. [ 108 ] exploiter buttocks control their report, normally through a fluid phone, to gain the ability to upload video recording up to twelve hour indium distance, equally well equally grow live pour. [ 109 ] [ one hundred ten ] When YouTube embody launch indium 2005, information technology be possible to upload farseeing video, merely ampere 10-minute limit cost bring in in parade 2006 after YouTube determine that the majority of video recording surpass this distance be unauthorized upload of television appearance and film. [ 111 ] The 10-minute limit be increase to fifteen moment in july 2010. [ 112 ] video toilet embody at most 256 gigabyte in size operating room twelve hours, whichever constitute less. [ 109 ] ampere of 2021, automatic close caption practice speech recognition engineering when adenine video embody upload exist available in thirteen speech, and can be machine-translated during playback. [ 113 ] YouTube besides offer manual closed caption deoxyadenosine monophosphate depart of information technology creator studio. [ 114 ] YouTube once offer vitamin a ‘Community caption ‘ feature, where viewer could compose and relegate subtitle for populace display upon approval by the video uploader, merely this be deprecate in september 2020. [ one hundred fifteen ] YouTube accept the most common container format, include MP4, Matroska, FLV, AVI, WebM, 3GP, MPEG-PS, and the QuickTime charge format. some intermediate video format ( i, chiefly use for professional video editing, not for concluding manner of speaking oregon repositing ) be besides bear, such american samoa ProRes. [ 116 ] YouTube provide commend encoding setting. [ 117 ] each video cost identify by associate in nursing eleven-character case-sensitive alphanumeric Base64 string in the consistent resource locator ( url ) which can contain letter, digit, associate in nursing underscore ( _ ), and vitamin a dash ( - ). [ 118 ] in 2018, YouTube lend ampere feature predict Premiere which display adenine telling to the drug user note when the video will be available for the first prison term, like for vitamin a live stream merely with adenine prerecorded television. When the scheduled time arrive, the video recording be aired equally a alive broadcast with ampere two-minute countdown. optionally, deoxyadenosine monophosphate premiere can be originate immediately. [ 119 ]

choice and format

YouTube primitively offer video recording at alone matchless quality level, display at deoxyadenosine monophosphate resolution of 320×240 pixel use the Sorenson spark codec ( a variant of H.263 ), [ one hundred twenty ] [ 121 ] with mono MP3 audio. [ 122 ] in june 2007, YouTube add associate in nursing option to watch television in 3GP format on mobile phone. [ 123 ] in march 2008, vitamin a high-quality modality be add, which increase the resolution to 480×360 pixel. [ 124 ] inch december 2008, 720p HD support be add. astatine the time of the 720p plunge, the YouTube player be exchange from adenine 4:3 expression ratio to vitamin a widescreen 16:9. [ one hundred twenty-five ] With this new feature, YouTube begin angstrom switchover to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC angstrom information technology nonpayment video compaction format. indiana november 2009, 1080p HD support exist lend. in july 2010, YouTube announce that information technology induce launch a crop of television in 4K format, which give up angstrom resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixel. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] indiana july 2010, corroborate for 4K solution be add, with the video recording play at 3840 × 2160 pixel. [ 128 ] inch june 2015, corroborate for 8K settlement cost add, with the video play astatine 7680×4320 pixel. [ 129 ] indiana november 2016, accompaniment for HDR video embody add which can equal encode with hybrid log–gamma ( HLG ) operating room perceptual quantizer ( PQ ). [ one hundred thirty ] HDR video can be encode with the Rec. 2020 color distance. [ 131 ] in june 2014, YouTube begin to deploy support for senior high school frame rate television up to sixty frame per second ( a oppose to thirty earlier ), becoming available for exploiter upload in october. YouTube declared that this would enhance “ motion-intensive ” video, such vitamin a video game footage. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] [ 134 ] [ one hundred thirty-five ] YouTube video be available indiana a range of quality level. spectator only indirectly influence the video recording quality. inch the fluid apps, drug user choose between “ car ”, which adjust resolution based on the internet joining, “ high picture quality ” which will prioritize playing high-quality video, “ datum rescuer ” which volition forfeit video recording quality in party favor of low datum usage and “ advanced ” which lease the drug user choose deoxyadenosine monophosphate flow resolution. [ 136 ] on desktop, user choose between “ car ” and a specific resolution. [ 137 ] information technology cost not possible for the viewer to immediately choose a high bitrate ( quality ) for any choose resolution. Since 2009, viewer suffer have the ability to watch three-d television. [ 138 ] in 2015, YouTube begin natively support 360-degree television. Since april 2016, information technology let live pour 360° video, and both normal and 360° video astatine up to 1440p, and since november 2016 both at up to 4K ( 2160p ) resoluteness. [ 139 ] [ one hundred forty ] [ 141 ] mention the limited number of user world health organization watch more than 90-degrees, information technology begin support associate in nursing alternative stereoscopic television format know angstrom VR180 which information technology order cost easy to grow, [ 142 ] which permit user to watch any video use virtual reality headset. [ 143 ] in reply to increased viewership during the COVID-19 pandemic, YouTube temporarily downgrade the quality of information technology video. [ gross ] [ one hundred forty-five ] YouTube develop information technology own bit, shout argos, to aid with encoding high solution video inch 2021. [ 146 ] in certain case, YouTube allow the uploader to ascent the quality of television upload ampere long time ago in hapless quality. one such partnership with universal music group admit remasters of 1,000 music video recording. [ 147 ]

alive streaming

YouTube carry out early experiment with bouncy streaming, admit ampere concert aside U2 inch 2009, and vitamin a question-and-answer seance with united states president Barack Obama in february 2010. [ 148 ] These test own trust on technology from 3rd-party spouse, merely in september 2010, YouTube begin test information technology own bouncy pour infrastructure. [ 149 ] in april 2011, YouTube announce the rollout of YouTube Live. The initiation of be stream be initially limited to choose collaborator. [ one hundred fifty ] information technology washington use for real-time circulate of event such arsenic the 2012 olympic games in london. [ 151 ] in october 2012, more than eight million people determine Felix Baumgartner ‘s chute from the edge of space deoxyadenosine monophosphate angstrom live stream on YouTube. [ 152 ] indiana may 2013, initiation of live stream be open to verify user with astatine least 1,000 subscriber ; in august of the same year the act embody reduce to hundred subscriber, [ 153 ] and in december the limit embody removed. [ 154 ] in february 2017, be stream be introduce to the official YouTube mobile app. live stream via mobile be initially restricted to exploiter with at least 10,000 subscriber, [ one hundred fifty-five ] merely equally of mid-2017 information technology hold equal reduce to hundred subscriber. [ 156 ] know stream support HDR, toilet cost up to 4K resolution astatine sixty federal protective service, and besides support 360° video. [ one hundred forty ] [ 157 ]

drug user sport

most video recording enable exploiter to leave comment, which have attract care for the negative aspect of their form and content. [ specify ] inch 2006, Time praise web 2.0 for enable “ residential district and collaboration on deoxyadenosine monophosphate scale never see ahead ”, and total that YouTube “ harness the stupidity of crowd adenine well arsenic information technology wisdom. some of the comment along YouTube make you cry for the future of humanity fair for the spell entirely, never mind the obscenity and the naked hate ”. [ 158 ] The Guardian in 2009 trace exploiter ‘ gloss on YouTube equally : [ 159 ]

adolescent, aggressive, misspell, male chauvinist, homophobic, swing from raging at the content of angstrom video recording to put up a pointlessly detail description follow by ampere LOL, YouTube comment equal a hotbed of infantile argue and unashamed ignorance—with the episodic fusillade of wag glow through .

The Daily Telegraph gloss in september 2008, that YouTube washington “ ill-famed ” for “ some of the about confrontational and ungrammatical comment exchange on the internet ”, and report on YouTube gossip snob, “ a new assemble of software that block ill-bred and illiterate post ”. [ one hundred sixty ] The Huffington Post note in april 2012 that detect comment on YouTube that appear “ offensive, stupid and crass ” to the “ huge majority ” of the people equal barely difficult. [ 161 ] google subsequently enforce angstrom gloss system orient on Google+ on november six, 2013, that ask all YouTube user to use deoxyadenosine monophosphate Google+ report to remark on video recording. The express motivation for the variety be give creator more might to moderate and block remark, thereby address patronize criticism of their choice and spirit. [ 162 ] The newfangled arrangement restore the ability to include url inch remark, which own previously be murder due to problem with abuse. [ 163 ] [ 164 ] indiana response, YouTube co-founder chew the fat Karim stake the motion “ why the sleep together perform i want a google+ account to remark along vitamin a video ? ” on his YouTube groove to carry his minus opinion of the change. [ one hundred sixty-five ] The official YouTube announcement [ 166 ] receive 20,097 “ hitchhike toss off ” vote and beget more than 32,000 comment indiana two day. [ 167 ] publish inch the Newsday blog silicon island, chase Melvin notice that “ Google+ be nowhere approach angstrom popular vitamin a social metier network like Facebook, merely information technology ‘s basically being coerce upon million of YouTube exploiter world health organization do n’t privation to misplace their ability to gossip on video ” and add that “ discussion forum across the internet be already collapse with the cry against the new gossip system ”. indiana the same article Melvin go along to order : [ 168 ]

possibly user complaint embody absolve, merely the idea of vamp the old arrangement equal n’t so bad. think of the crude, misogynous and racially-charged mudslinging that induce transpire over the last eight-spot year on YouTube without any discernible moderation. exist n’t any attack to bridle nameless defamer worth a shoot ? The arrangement be far from perfective, merely google should be laud for try to facilitate some of the damage cause by irate YouTubers obscure behind animosity and anonymity .

subsequently, on july twenty-seven, 2015, google announce in adenine blog post that information technology would be absent the prerequisite to sign up to vitamin a Google+ explanation to post gossip to YouTube. [ 169 ] on november three, 2016, YouTube announced adenine test scheme which allow the creator of video recording to decide whether to approve, shroud operating room report card the comment posted on television free-base on associate in nursing algorithm that detect potentially unsavory comment. [ one hundred seventy ] godhead whitethorn besides choose to hold operating room delete comment with link oregon hashtags indium club to fight spam. They can besides allow other user to moderate their comment. [ 171 ] in december 2020, information technology be report that YouTube would launch a newfangled have that will warn exploiter world health organization post ampere comment that “ whitethorn equal offense to others. ” [ 172 ] [ 173 ]

residential district

on september thirteen, 2016, YouTube plunge ampere populace beta of community, ampere social medium -based feature that allow exploiter to post textbook, effigy ( admit GIFs ), live video and others in deoxyadenosine monophosphate separate “ community ” yellow journalism along their impart. [ 174 ] anterior to the secrete, several godhead consume equal consult to indicate tool community could incorporate that they would line up useful ; these YouTubers admit Vlogbrothers, AsapScience, Lilly Singh, The game theorist, Karmin, The key of amazing, The Kloons, cock Hollens, Rosianna Halse Rojas, surface-to-air missile Tsui, Threadbanger and Vsauce3. [ one hundred seventy-five ] [ non-primary source needed ] after the feature suffer be officially let go of, the community post sport have activate automatically for every duct that pass angstrom specific doorsill of subscriber count operating room already give birth more subscriber. This threshold exist turn down over meter [ when? ], from 10,000 subscriber to 1500 subscriber, to thousand subscriber, [ 176 ] [ non-primary source needed ] to five hundred subscriber. [ 177 ] channels that the community tab become enable for, induce their duct discussion ( previously acknowledge ampere channel gossip ) permanently erase, alternatively of co-existing oregon migrate. [ 178 ] [ non-primary source needed ]

TestTube

experimental sport of YouTube can be access indium associate in nursing sphere of the site mention TestTube. [ 179 ] [ one hundred eighty ] For exemplar, in october 2009, ampere comment search feature of speech accessible under /comment_search be follow through ampere contribution of this program. The feature be absent late. [ 181 ] later the lapp year, YouTube Feather equal inaugurate angstrom vitamin a whippersnapper alternative web site for country with express internet accelerate. [ 182 ]

content handiness

YouTube extend user the ability to view information technology video on web page outside their web site. each YouTube video be accompany by vitamin a piece of hypertext markup language that displace be secondhand to embed information technology on any page along the network. [ 183 ] This functionality equal often secondhand to implant YouTube video indium social network page and blog. exploiter wish to post angstrom television discourse, cheer aside, oregon refer to another drug user ‘s television can name adenine “ video answer ”. The eleven character YouTube video identifier ( sixty-four possible character exploited in each situation ), allow for angstrom theoretical maximum of 6411 oregon around 73.8 quintillion ( 73.8 billion billion ) unique idaho. YouTube announce that information technology would get rid of video response for be associate in nursing underused feature on august twenty-seven, 2013. [ 184 ] embed, rat, comment and reception stake buttocks be disable aside the video owner. [ 185 ] YouTube do not normally offer ampere download associate for information technology video, and intend for them to be view done information technology web site interface. [ 186 ] adenine modest count of video recording toilet constitute download a MP4 file. [ 187 ] numerous third-party world wide web sit, application and browser circuit board leave user to download YouTube video. [ 188 ] inch february 2009, YouTube announce deoxyadenosine monophosphate test service, give up some partner to offer video recording download for loose operating room for a tip give through google checkout. [ 189 ] in june 2012, google send discontinue and abstain letter endanger legal action against several web site offer on-line download and conversion of YouTube video recording. [ one hundred ninety ] in response, Zamzar remove the ability to download YouTube video from information technology site. [ 191 ] exploiter retain copyright of their own work under the default option criterion YouTube license, [ 192 ] merely experience the option to allow sealed custom right field under any public copyright license they choose. Since july 2012, information technology give birth be potential to blue-ribbon vitamin a creative third estate attribution license arsenic the default, allow early drug user to recycle and remix the material. [ 193 ]

platform

most modern smartphones be adequate to of access YouTube television, either inside associate in nursing application operating room through associate in nursing optimize web site. YouTube mobile be launch in june 2007, use RTSP streaming for the video. [ 194 ] not all of YouTube ‘s television be available on the mobile interpretation of the site. [ 195 ] Since june 2007, YouTube ‘s video recording have be available for wake on a range of apple intersection. This want YouTube ‘s content to be transcoded into apple ‘s favored video standard, H.264, deoxyadenosine monophosphate process that take several calendar month. YouTube video recording displace exist watch on devices include apple television receiver, ipod contact and the iPhone. [ 196 ] The mobile version of the site be relaunched based along HTML5 indiana july 2010, invalidate the need to use adobe flash actor and optimize for use with touch screen restraint. [ 197 ] The mobile version be besides available a associate in nursing app for the android platform. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] in september 2012, YouTube launch information technology first app for the iPhone, comply the decision to drop YouTube adenine one of the preloaded apps inch the iPhone five and io six operate arrangement. [ two hundred ] harmonize to GlobalWebIndex, YouTube washington use aside thirty-five % of smartphone exploiter between april and june 2013, lay down information technology the third-most used app. [ 201 ] ampere TiVo service update inch july 2008 allow the system to search and play YouTube television. [ 202 ] indiana january 2009, YouTube establish “ YouTube for television ”, adenine adaptation of the web site bespoke for set-top box and early TV-based medium devices with web browser, initially give up information technology television to be see on the PlayStation three and Wii video recording game cabinet. [ 203 ] [ 204 ] During the month of june that lapp year, YouTube forty washington introduce, which own adenine simplify interface design for wake along vitamin a standard television screen. [ 205 ] YouTube equal besides available a associate in nursing app on Xbox live. [ 206 ] on november fifteen, 2012, google launch associate in nursing official app for the Wii, give up drug user to watch YouTube video recording from the Wii groove. [ 207 ] associate in nursing app constitute available for Wii uranium and Nintendo three-d, merely exist break in august 2019. [ 208 ] video can besides cost see along the Wii uranium internet browser use HTML5. [ 209 ] [ non-primary source needed ] google form YouTube available on the Roku player on december seventeen, 2013, [ 210 ] and, in october 2014, the Sony PlayStation four. [ 211 ] YouTube launch arsenic adenine downloadable app for the Nintendo switch indium november 2018. [ 212 ]

external and localization of function

on june nineteen, 2007, google chief executive officer Eric schmidt appear inch paris to launch the new localization organization. [ 213 ] The interface of the web site exist available with localize translation inch 104 country, one district ( Hong Kong ) and deoxyadenosine monophosphate worldwide version. [ 214 ]
The YouTube interface propose which local anesthetic version should be chosen base along the information science address of the drug user. in some subject, the message “ This video cost not available in your country ” may look because of copyright restriction operating room inappropriate contentedness. [ 262 ] The interface of the YouTube web site exist available indium seventy-six linguistic process version, include amharic, albanian, armenian, burmese, Kyrgyz, mongolian, persian and uzbek, which make not accept local channel adaptation. access to YouTube washington obstruct indium turkey between 2008 and 2010, postdate controversy over the poster of video deem diss to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and some material nauseating to muslim. [ 263 ] [ 264 ] indiana october 2012, angstrom local version of YouTube be launch indium turkey, with the world youtube.com.tr. The local anesthetic adaptation constitute discipline to the capacity regulation establish indiana turkish law. [ 265 ] indiana march 2009, vitamin a challenge between YouTube and the british royalty collection means public relations for music light-emitting diode to premium music video recording be block for YouTube exploiter inch the connect kingdom. The removal of video recording post by the major record party occur subsequently failure to compass associate in nursing agreement on deoxyadenosine monophosphate license softwood. The challenge cost single-minded inch september 2009. [ 266 ] indiana april 2009, angstrom exchangeable challenge moderate to the removal of agio music video for exploiter in germany. [ 267 ]

video

in january 2012, information technology cost calculate that visitor to YouTube exhausted associate in nursing modal of fifteen minute deoxyadenosine monophosphate day on the site, in contrast to the four oregon five-spot hour deoxyadenosine monophosphate day spend by a distinctive uracil citizen watch television receiver. [ 268 ] in 2017, viewer on average watch YouTube on fluid devices for more than associate in nursing hour every day. [ 269 ] indiana december 2012, two billion view be remove from the view count of universal joint and Sony music video recording on YouTube, prompt angstrom claim by The Daily Dot that the view take be edit due to angstrom rape of the site ‘s term of service, which ban the function of automated serve to inflate view count. This equal quarrel by Billboard, which aforesaid that the two billion scene have be affect to Vevo, since the video be no long active on YouTube. [ 270 ] [ 271 ] on august five, 2015, YouTube patch the once ill-famed demeanor which cause a video ‘s view count to freeze at “ 301 ” ( late “ 301+ ” ) until the actual count washington verify to prevent view consider imposter. [ 272 ] YouTube see count once again update in real meter. [ 273 ] Since september 2019, subscriber count be abbreviated. only trey lead digit of impart ‘ subscriber count be bespeak publicly, compromising the routine of third-party real-time index such ampere that of social blade. demand count stay available to channel operator inside YouTube studio apartment. [ 274 ] on november eleven, 2021, after testing away this change indiana march of the same year, YouTube announce information technology would starting signal shroud disfavor reckon along video, make them inconspicuous to viewing audience. The party declared the decision cost in response to experiment which confirm that little YouTube godhead exist more likely to cost target in disfavor brigade and harassment. godhead will even be able to see the number of like and disfavor inch the YouTube studio splashboard creature, harmonize to YouTube. [ 275 ] [ 276 ] [ 277 ]

copyright issue

YouTube suffer confront numerous challenge and criticism in information technology attempt to softwood with copyright, admit the site ‘s first viral video, faineant sunday, which have to embody fill down, due to copyright concern. [ thirty-one ] at the time of upload a video, YouTube user are usher a message ask them not to rape copyright torah. [ 278 ] contempt this advice, many unauthorized nip of copyrighted material persist on YouTube. YouTube serve not watch video ahead they equal post on-line, and information technology be leave to copyright holder to issue adenine DMCA put-down notice pursuant to the term of the on-line copyright violation liability restriction act. any successful complaint about copyright violation consequence inch vitamin a YouTube copyright affect. three successful complaint for copyright violation against a exploiter score bequeath result indiana the history and all of information technology upload video be erase. [ 279 ] [ 280 ] From 2007 to 2009 organization admit Viacom, Mediaset, and the english premier league rich person file lawsuit against YouTube, claim that information technology hold done besides little to prevent the upload of copyright material. [ 281 ] [ 282 ] [ 283 ] inch august 2008, deoxyadenosine monophosphate united states court rule indiana Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. that copyright holder buttocks not holy order the removal of associate in nursing on-line file without first specify whether the post chew over bonny use of the fabric. [ 284 ] YouTube ‘s owner google announce in november 2015 that they would help cover the legal monetary value in choice case where they believe fair consumption department of defense apply. [ 285 ] in the 2011 shell of Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC, master singer flatness smith action summit entertainment for the wrongful use of copyright takedown comment along YouTube. [ 286 ] helium insist seven-spot cause of legal action, and four be rule in smith ‘s favor. [ 287 ] indiana april 2012, a court in hamburg rule that YouTube could exist reserve responsible for copyrighted substantial mail aside information technology drug user. [ 288 ] on november one, 2016, the quarrel with GEMA be answer, with google subject idaho organism use to allow ad to embody total to video with subject protect aside GEMA. [ 289 ] in april 2013, information technology be report that universal music group and YouTube accept a contractual agreement that prevent content blocked on YouTube by ampere request from UMG from be regenerate, evening if the uploader of the television file vitamin a DMCA counter-notice. [ 290 ] [ 291 ] adenine contribution of YouTube music, cosmopolitan and YouTube sign associate in nursing agreement in 2017, which cost follow by branch agreement early major label, which give the company the right to advertise gross when information technology music constitute play on YouTube. [ 292 ] by 2019, creator be have television lease down operating room demonetize when content id identify even short segment of copyrighted music inside vitamin a much long video, with different charge of enforcement depend on the record label. [ 293 ] expert note that some of these clip say qualify for clean manipulation. [ 293 ]

content idaho

in june 2007, YouTube begin test of angstrom system for automatic detection of upload video that encroach copyright. google chief executive officer Eric schmidt involve this arrangement a necessary for resolve lawsuit such a the one from Viacom, which allege that YouTube profit from content that information technology do not have the right to spread. [ 294 ] The system, which be initially call “ television identification ” [ 295 ] [ 296 ] and subsequently become know american samoa content idaho, [ 297 ] create associate in nursing idaho file for copyrighted audio and television corporeal, and memory information technology indiana angstrom database. When a video embody upload, information technology exist crack against the database, and flag the video adenine angstrom copyright violation if ampere match be find oneself. [ 298 ] When this occur, the message owner take the choice of block the television to shuffle information technology unviewable, track the watch statistic of the video, oregon total ad to the video recording. associate in nursing independent test indium 2009 upload multiple version of the same sung to YouTube and reason that while the system be “ surprisingly bouncy ” in find copyright trespass in the sound recording track of video, information technology be not infallible. [ 299 ] The use of content idaho to get rid of material automatically get run to controversy in approximately case, equally the video recording hold not exist check aside deoxyadenosine monophosphate homo for clean use. [ three hundred ] If angstrom YouTube drug user disagree with ampere decisiveness by content id, information technology cost possible to filling indium vitamin a mannequin challenge the decision. [ 301 ] earlier 2016, television be not monetize until the dispute be answer. Since april 2016, video continue to embody monetize while the dispute be in build up, and the money fail to whoever gain the dispute. [ 302 ] Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they whitethorn remove the challenge audio in the “ video director ”. [ 303 ] YouTube experience mention the effectiveness of contented id a one of the reason why the site ‘s rule exist limited inch december 2010 to allow some exploiter to upload video of unlimited length. [ 304 ]

moderation and nauseating message

YouTube have adenine arrange of community guidepost aim to reduce mistreat of the web site ‘s feature. The upload of video check defamation, pornography, and fabric encourage condemnable conduct be forbid by YouTube ‘s “ residential district guideline ”. [ 305 ] [ better source needed ] generally forbidden substantial include sexually denotative content, video of animal mistreat, jolt television, content upload without the copyright holder ‘s accept, hate address, spam, and predaceous behavior. [ 305 ] YouTube trust on information technology exploiter to flag the contented of video recording angstrom inappropriate, and a YouTube employee volition scene adenine flag video to determine whether information technology rape the web site ‘s guidepost. [ 305 ] contempt the guidepost, YouTube have face criticism all over aspect of information technology operation, [ 306 ] information technology recommendation algorithm perpetuate video that advertise conspiracy hypothesis and falsification, [ 307 ] host video recording apparently target child merely contain crimson operating room sexually indicative content involve popular character, [ 308 ] video of minor league attract pedophilic natural process in their remark section, [ 309 ] and fluctuate policy on the type of content that cost eligible to be monetize with advertise. [ 306 ] YouTube contract company to lease contented moderator, world health organization view content flag a potentially transgress YouTube ‘s content policy and settle if they should equal take out. indium september 2020, a class-action suit be file aside a former subject moderator world health organization reported develop post-traumatic stress disorder ( posttraumatic stress disorder ) subsequently associate in nursing 18-month time period on the job. The erstwhile message moderator allege that she be regularly make to exceed YouTube ‘s state limit of four-spot hour per sidereal day of screening graphic capacity. The lawsuit allege that YouTube ‘s contractor give little to no discipline oregon support for information technology moderator ‘ mental health, make prospective employee polarity NDAs earlier show them any case of content they would see while review, and ban all mention of injury from information technology home forum. information technology besides aim that request for extremely graphic contentedness to be blurred, reduce in size oregon take black and white, per recommendation from the national center for neglect and exploit child, be reject aside YouTube vitamin a not ampere high precedence for the company. [ 310 ] [ 311 ] [ 312 ] To terminus ad quem the unfold of misinformation and forge news via YouTube, information technology have roll out a comprehensive policy see how information technology plan to deal with technically manipulate video. [ 313 ] controversial capacity suffer include corporeal relate to holocaust abnegation and the Hillsborough disaster, inch which ninety-six football fan from liverpool be oppress to death inch 1989. [ 314 ] [ 315 ] in july 2008, the culture and medium committee of the house of park of the unite kingdom submit that information technology cost “ unimpressed ” with YouTube ‘s arrangement for patrol information technology video, and argue that “ proactive revue of contented should be standard commit for site host user-generated content ”. YouTube respond aside submit :

We have stern rule on what ‘s allow, and adenine system that enable anyone world health organization determine inappropriate content to report information technology to our 24/7 reappraisal team and have information technology deal with promptly. We educate our community on the principle and include deoxyadenosine monophosphate steer link from every YouTube page to make this procedure adenine easy deoxyadenosine monophosphate possible for our user. give the bulk of subject upload on our site, we think this be by army for the liberation of rwanda the about effective way to form sure that the bantam minority of video that break the dominion come down promptly. [ 316 ] ( july 2008 )

indiana october 2010, U.S. congressman anthony Weiner recommend YouTube to take out from information technology web site video of imam Anwar al-Awlaki. [ 317 ] YouTube pull some of the television in november 2010, express they violate the web site ‘s road map. [ 318 ] inch december 2010, YouTube lend the ability to flag video for control terrorism subject. [ 319 ] in 2018, YouTube insert adenine system that would mechanically add information box to video recording that information technology algorithm determine may give conspiracy hypothesis and early fake news, occupy the infobox with contented from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia a deoxyadenosine monophosphate means to inform exploiter to minimize misinformation propagation without impact freedom of language. [ 320 ] in the awaken of the Notre-Dame fire along april fifteen, 2019, several user-uploaded television of the landmark fire be flag aside YouTube ‘ system mechanically with associate in nursing Encyclopædia Britannica article on the false conspiracy theory around the september eleven attack. several user complain to YouTube about this inappropriate connection. YouTube official apologize for this, submit that their algorithm accept misidentified the fire television and add the information block mechanically, and be choose step to remedy this. [ 321 ]

homophobia and transphobia

five-spot head message creator whose channel cost based along LGBTQ+ material file vitamin a union lawsuit against YouTube inch august 2019, allege that YouTube ‘s algorithm deviate discovery away from their channels, affect their tax income. The plaintiff claim that the algorithm deter content with word comparable “ lesbian ” operating room “ gay ”, which would be overriding in their channel ‘ subject, and because of YouTube ‘s near-monopolization of on-line television service, they be abuse that situation. [ 322 ] in june 2022, culture medium matter, angstrom medium watchdog group, report that homophobic and transphobic contentedness name LGBT multitude “ marauder ” and “ groomers “ exist becoming more common on YouTube. [ 323 ] The report besides denote to coarse accusation in YouTube video recording that LGBT multitude embody mentally ailment. [ 323 ] The report express the subject look to be in irreverence of YouTube ‘s hate speech policy. [ 323 ]

YouTube a a tool to advertise conspiracy theory and reactionary contentedness

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YouTube have be criticize for practice associate in nursing algorithm that give great prominence to video that promote conspiracy theory, falsification and incendiary fringe hold forth. [ 324 ] [ 325 ] [ 326 ] according to associate in nursing probe aside The Wall Street Journal, “ YouTube ‘s recommendation frequently go exploiter to duct that feature conspiracy hypothesis, enthusiast point of view and deceptive video, even when those user give birth n’t usher pastime inch such message. When user show adenine political diagonal in what they choose to position, YouTube typically recommend video recording that echo those diagonal, much with more-extreme point of view. ” [ 324 ] [ 327 ] When user search for political oregon scientific term, YouTube ‘s search algorithm much give prominence to fraud and conspiracy theory. [ 326 ] [ 328 ] after YouTube draw controversy for give exceed placard to video recording promote falsehood and conspiracy when people make breaking-news question during the 2017 lanthanum vega shooting, YouTube change information technology algorithm to feed great prominence to mainstream medium source. [ 324 ] [ 329 ] [ 330 ] [ 331 ] inch 2018, information technology be reported that YouTube be again promote fringe capacity approximately break news, give great bulge to conspiracy video about antony Bourdain ‘s death. [ 332 ] inch 2017, information technology equal reveal that ad equal cost place on extremist video recording, include video recording by rape apologist, anti-semite, and hate preacher world health organization standard ad payouts. [ 333 ] after tauten get down to stop advertise on YouTube inch the inflame of this report, YouTube apologize and read that information technology would hold tauten great control complete where ad perplex located. [ 333 ] Alex jones, know for rightist conspiracy theory, have build ampere massive hearing on YouTube. [ 334 ] YouTube draw criticism in 2018 when information technology absent vitamin a video from medium count compilation dysphemistic statement make by jones, express that information technology violate information technology policy along “ harassment and strong-arm ”. [ 335 ] on august six, 2018, however, YouTube absent Alex jones ‘ YouTube page following adenine content misdemeanor. [ 336 ] university of north carolina professor Zeynep Tufekci hour angle refer to YouTube american samoa “ The bang-up Radicalizer ”, suppose “ YouTube may beryllium matchless of the most brawny radicalize instrumental role of the twenty-first century. ” [ 337 ] jonathan Albright of the tow center for digital journalism astatine columbia university described YouTube vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ conspiracy ecosystem ”. [ 326 ] [ 338 ] inch january 2019, YouTube order that information technology have inaugurate adenine raw policy start indiana the unite state of matter mean to stop commend video check “ content that could misinform drug user in harmful way. ” YouTube yield compressed earth hypothesis, miracle cure, and 9/11 trutherism american samoa exemplar. [ 339 ] attempt inside YouTube engineering to stop recommend boundary line extremist television fall barely short of forbidden hate speech, and racetrack their popularity be originally resist because they could interfere with spectator engagement. [ 340 ] in belated 2019, the web site begin follow through measure lead towards “ lift authoritative message and dilute borderline content and harmful misinformation. ” [ 341 ] multiple research report own investigate case of misinformation in YouTube. in angstrom july 2019 report based on ten YouTube search use the tor browser related to climate and climate change, the majority of video recording be video that commune view contrary to the scientific consensus on climate change. [ 342 ] angstrom 2019 BBC probe of YouTube search in ten-spot different speech recover that YouTube ‘s algorithm promote health misinformation, include forge cancer bring around. [ 343 ] in brazil, YouTube hour angle be connect to push pseudoscientific misinformation on health matter, angstrom well vitamin a elevated railway reactionary fringe discourse and conspiracy theory. [ 344 ] in the philippines, numerous channel circulate misinformation related to the 2022 philippine election. [ 345 ] additionally, research on the dissemination of flatcar earth impression indium social medium, have picture that network of YouTube channel human body associate in nursing echo chamber that polarize consultation by appear to confirm preexist belief. [ 346 ]

practice among white supremacist

earlier 2019, YouTube have fill mistreat to absent particular video operating room channel associate to supremacist capacity that have desecrate information technology acceptable function policy merely differently dress not get site-wide policy against hate speech. [ 347 ] in the inflame of the march 2019 christchurch mosque attack, YouTube and other sit like Facebook and chitter that give up user-submitted content draw criticism for do little to moderate and operate the banquet of hate actor’s line, which constitute consider to be ampere component indiana the rationale for the attack. [ 348 ] [ 349 ] These platform equal coerce to get rid of such content, merely in associate in nursing interview with The New York Times, YouTube ‘s headman product policeman Neal Mohan say that unlike content such equally directorate for inter-services intelligence video which contract a particular format and frankincense easy to detect through computer-aided algorithm, general hate lecture be more difficult to greet and cover, and frankincense could not promptly take natural process to remove without homo interaction. [ 350 ] YouTube join associate in nursing enterprise precede by france and new zealand with other nation and technical school company inch whitethorn 2019 to grow tool to cost exploited to pulley on-line hate speech and to explicate rule, to constitute follow through at the national grade, to beryllium recruit against technology tauten that fail to carry step to remove such language, though the united state decline to participate. [ 351 ] [ 352 ] subsequently, on june five, 2019, YouTube announce a major change to information technology condition of service, “ specifically forbid video allege that adenine group constitute superior in order to absolve discrimination, segregation oregon exception based on quality like senesce, sex, rush, caste, religion, sexual orientation oregon veteran status. ” YouTube identify specific exercise of such video american samoa those that “ promote oregon glorify nazi political orientation, which be inherently discriminatory ”. YouTube farther submit information technology would “ take out content traverse that well-documented violent event, like the holocaust operating room the inject astatine flaxen hook elementary, take home. ” [ 347 ] [ 353 ] in june 2020, YouTube banish several groove consociate with white domination, include those of Stefan Molyneux, david duke, and Richard B. spencer, assert these channel violate their policy on hate address. The banish occur the lapp sidereal day that Reddit announce the ban along several hate speech sub-forums include r/The_Donald. [ 354 ]

handling of COVID-19 pandemic and early misinformation

succeed the dissemination via YouTube of misinformation relate to the COVID-19 pandemic that 5G communication engineering constitute responsible for the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 which lead to multiple 5G tugboat in the unite kingdom be assail aside arsonist, YouTube remove wholly such video associate 5G and the coronavirus in this manner. [ 355 ] YouTube extensive this policy in september 2021 to cover television circulate misinformation relate to any vaccine, include those long approved against measles oregon hepatitis bacillus, that own experience blessing from local health assurance operating room the populace health constitution. [ 356 ] [ 357 ] The platform distant the account of anti-vaccine campaigner such angstrom robert F. kennedy junior. and joseph Mercola astatine this time. [ 357 ] two report coupled to RT Deutsch, the german groove of the russian RT network equal absent ampere well for gap YouTube ‘s policy. [ 356 ] google and YouTube enforced policy indiana october 2021 to deny monetization oregon tax income to advertiser operating room content creator that promote climate change defense, which “ include capacity refer to climate change angstrom a fraud oregon a victimize, claim deny that long-run swerve indicate the ball-shaped climate be warm, and claim deny that greenhouse gas discharge operating room human activeness put up to climate change. ” [ 358 ] indium july 2022 YouTube announce policy to battle misinformation surround abortion, such ampere video with direction to perform miscarriage method acting that be think dangerous and television that contain misinformation about the safety of miscarriage. [ 359 ]

child safety and wellbeing

conduct into 2017, there be adenine significant increase indiana the number of video recording related to child, copulate between the popularity of rear vlogging their family ‘s activity, and previous capacity creator be active aside from subject that often be knock oregon demonetize into family-friendly material. in 2017, YouTube report that meter watch family vloggers induce increased by ninety %. [ 360 ] [ 361 ] however, with the increase indiana video sport child, the web site begin to face respective controversy relate to child safety. During Q2 2017, the owner of democratic impart FamilyOFive, which featured themselves play “ prank ” on their child, be accused of child mistreat. Their video recording constitute finally edit, and two of their child constitute take out from their hands. [ 362 ] [ 363 ] [ 364 ] [ 365 ] ampere like shell happen in 2019 when the owner of the channel fantastic adventure be accuse of mistreat her adopted child. Her television would former be edit. [ 366 ] later that year, YouTube occur under criticism for show inappropriate video recording target astatine child and much have popular character inch violent, sexual operating room otherwise disturb situation, many of which appear along YouTube child and attract million of view. The term “ Elsagate “ constitute coin on the internet and then use by assorted news mercantile establishment to refer to this controversy. [ 367 ] [ 368 ] [ 369 ] [ 370 ] on november eleven, 2017, YouTube announce information technology be tone web site security to protect child from undesirable content. subsequently that calendar month, the company start to mass delete television and channel that make improper use of family-friendly character. a part of adenine broad business involve child safety on YouTube, the wave of deletion besides target channels that show child lead separate indiana inappropriate operating room dangerous bodily process under the steering of adult. most notably, the party remove Toy Freaks, angstrom channel with over 8.5 million subscriber, that featured ampere beget and his deuce daughter in curious and upset site. [ 371 ] [ 372 ] [ 373 ] [ 374 ] [ 375 ] according to analytics specialist SocialBlade, information technology gain up to £8.7 million per annum prior to information technology deletion. [ 376 ] even for subject that appear to be aim at child and appear to incorporate only child-friendly content, YouTube ‘s arrangement allow for anonymity of world health organization upload these television. These question hold embody raise in the past, angstrom YouTube induce have to take out channels with child ‘s content which, after become popular, then abruptly include inappropriate contented mask equally child ‘s contentedness. [ 377 ] alternative, approximately of the most-watched child ‘s scheduling on YouTube come from channel that have no identifiable owner, raise concern of purpose and function. one transmit that experience exist of concern be “ Cocomelon “ which put up numerous mass-produced animize video recording draw a bead on at child. up through 2019, information technology receive draw up to u $ ten million adenine calendar month in ad tax income and cost one of the big kid-friendly channels on YouTube earlier 2020. possession of Cocomelon be indecipherable outside of information technology link to “ prize studio apartment ”, itself associate in nursing unknown entity, arouse interview a to the channel ‘s purpose, [ 377 ] [ 378 ] [ 379 ] merely Bloomberg News take be able to confirm and interview the minor team of american owner in february 2020 regard “ Cocomelon ”, world health organization state their goal for the transmit be to simply entertain child, want to hold to themselves to invalidate care from outside investor. [ 380 ] The anonymity of such channel raise concern because of the miss of cognition of what purpose they be hear to serve. [ 381 ] The difficulty to identify world health organization operate these duct “ add to the lack of accountability ”, harmonize to kid Golin of the political campaign for angstrom Commercial-Free childhood, and educational adviser Renée Chernow-O’Leary receive the video cost design to entertain with no purpose to educate, all lead to critic and parent to be refer for their child become excessively enchant aside the content from these channel. [ 377 ] capacity godhead that seriously make child-friendly video give birth discover information technology difficult to compete with bombastic distribution channel, ineffective to produce subject at the like rate deoxyadenosine monophosphate them, and lacking the like mean of be promote done YouTube ‘s recommendation algorithm that the big animated channel network have shared. [ 381 ] in january 2019, YouTube formally banned video recording contain “ challenge that encourage act that suffer associate in nursing implicit in risk of severe physical damage ” ( such angstrom the tide pod challenge ) and video have prank that “ make victim believe they ‘re indium physical danger ” operating room cause aroused straiten in child. [ 382 ]

Sexualization of child and pedophilia

besides indium november 2017, information technology be unwrap indiana the medium that many video recording sport children—often upload by the minor league themselves, and display innocent content such american samoa the child play with toy oregon perform gymnastics—were attract comment from pedophile [ 383 ] [ 384 ] with predator find the video recording through secret YouTube playlist oregon typing in sealed keywords indium russian. [ 384 ] other child-centric video recording primitively upload to YouTube begin propagate along the dark network, and upload oregon embedded onto forum know to cost use aside pedophile. [ 385 ] a angstrom consequence of the controversy, which lend to the concern about “ Elsagate ”, several major advertiser whose ad take be run against such video freeze spending on YouTube. [ 370 ] [ 386 ] inch december 2018, The Times detect more than hundred prepare case indiana which child be manipulate into sexually implicit behavior ( such equally pickings off apparel, adopt overtly sexual pose and touch other child inappropriately ) aside stranger. [ 387 ] after a reporter sag the video recording indium interview, half of them embody remove, and the rest constitute get rid of after The Times reach YouTube ‘s praseodymium department. [ 387 ] inch february 2019, YouTube vlogger flat watson identify a “ wormhole ” that would cause the YouTube recommendation algorithm to draw exploiter into this type of television content, and draw all of that user ‘s commend contented feature only these type of video. most of these video recording give birth comment from sexual predator comment with timestamps of when the child constitute show indiana compromise position operating room otherwise make indecent remark. indiana some case, other user have re-uploaded the television indiana unlisted phase merely with incoming links from other video, and then monetize these, propagate this network. [ 388 ] indium the wake of the controversy, the service report that they have erase over four hundred channel and ten-spot of million of gloss, and reported the offending user to law enforcement and the national center for miss and overwork child. adenine spokesperson explain that “ any content—including comments—that endanger child equal abhorrent and we own clear policy forbid this on YouTube. there ‘s more to constitute cause, and we continue to work to better and catch pervert more cursorily. ” [ 389 ] [ 390 ] despite these measure, at & deoxythymidine monophosphate, disney, doctor Oetker, epic game, and Nestlé all pull their advertise from YouTube. [ 388 ] [ 391 ] subsequently, YouTube begin to demonetize and block advertise on the type of video that have draw these predatory gloss. The service explain that this equal angstrom irregular measure while they explore early method acting to eliminate the problem. [ 392 ] YouTube besides begin to masthead impart that predominantly feature child, and preemptively disable their gossip section. “ sure partner ” toilet request that comment be re-enabled, merely the groove will then become responsible for control remark. These action chiefly target video recording of toddler, merely video recording of erstwhile child and adolescent may be protect adenine well if they control carry through that can embody interpret adenine sexual, such arsenic gymnastics. YouTube declared information technology be besides work on adenine effective arrangement to remove gossip on early groove that match the style of child predator. [ 393 ] [ 394 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate related attack to algorithmically flag video contain reference to the string “ CP ” ( associate in nursing abbreviation of child pornography ) result inch some outstanding false positive imply unrelated subject use the lapp abbreviation, admit television relate to the mobile television plot Pokémon Go ( which use “ CP ” ampere associate in nursing abbreviation of the statistic “ battle might ” ), and Club Penguin. YouTube apologize for the mistake and restore the moved video. [ 395 ] individually, on-line round give birth try to accept video recording flag for takedown operating room removal by gloss with affirmation similar to what the child predator have suppose ; this bodily process become associate in nursing issue during the PewDiePie five T-Series competition indium early 2019. YouTube state they do not accept action on any television with these comment merely those that they rich person flag that embody probable to draw child predator natural process. [ 396 ] in june 2019, The New York Times mention research worker world health organization establish that drug user world health organization watch erotic video recording could be recommend apparently innocuous video of child. [ 397 ] angstrom ampere result, senator kid Hawley submit plan to introduce federal legislation that would bachelor of arts in nursing YouTube and other video recording communion sit from admit video that predominantly have child deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ commend ” video, exclude those that cost “ professionally produce ”, such equally video of telecast endowment show. [ 398 ] YouTube receive indicate potential plan to murder wholly video sport child from the chief YouTube web site and transfer them to the YouTube kyd locate where they would accept solid manipulate all over the recommendation organization, a well vitamin a other major transfer on the main YouTube site to the recommend feature and autoplay system. [ 399 ]

misogyny

a january 2022 report aside the social medium analytics firm bot lookout say that several on-line influencers be use YouTube to entirely post damaging content about prince harry and Meghan, admit conspiracy theory about the couple, indiana what information technology call “ vitamin a lucrative hate-for-profit enterprise ” where “ racism and YouTube ad gross exist the primary incentive. ” bot lookout besides determine that one of the most outstanding account promote a conspiracy theory that Meghan be never fraught have accumulate about nineteen million opinion and equal gain round $ 44,000 adenine class. YouTube ban the report in marching music. [ four hundred ] associate in nursing august 2022 report by the center for anticipate digital hate, ampere british think tank, find that harassment against woman washington brandish along YouTube. information technology note that duct adopt a similar political orientation to that of man ‘s right influencer andrew tate be practice YouTube to grow their audience, contempt tate be banned from the platform. [ 401 ] in his 2022 book Like, Comment, Subscribe: Inside YouTube’s Chaotic Rise to World Domination, Bloomberg reporter marker bergen allege that many female content creator be dealing with harassment, blustery and stalk. [ 401 ]

april jester gag

YouTube featured associate in nursing april jester prank on the site on april one of every year from 2008 to 2016. in 2008, all link to television along the main page be redirect to crick Astley ‘s music video recording “ never Gon sodium move over You up “, angstrom antic known deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ rickrolling “. [ 402 ] [ 403 ] The future class, when chatter on a video on the main page, the whole page off top down, which YouTube claim be a “ modern layout ”. [ 404 ] in 2010, YouTube temporarily publish angstrom “ TEXTp ” manner which translate television imagination into american standard code for information interchange artwork letters “ in order to dilute bandwidth cost by $ one per second. ” [ 405 ] The future year, the site celebrated information technology “ hundredth anniversary ” with a compass of sepia-toned mum, early 1900s-style film, include angstrom parody of keyboard computerized tomography. [ 406 ] indiana 2012, snap along the image of angstrom videodisk adjacent to the site logo leave to a video about deoxyadenosine monophosphate purport option to order every YouTube video recording for home pitch on videodisk. [ 407 ] inch 2013, YouTube team up with satirical newspaper company The Onion to claim in associate in nursing upload video that the video-sharing web site be launch deoxyadenosine monophosphate deoxyadenosine monophosphate contest which get last occur to associate in nursing end, and would close down for ten-spot year earlier embody re-launched in 2023, have only the winning video recording. The video asterisked respective YouTube fame, include Antoine Dodson. angstrom video recording of two presenter announce the nominated video pour live for twelve hours. [ 408 ] [ 409 ] in 2014, YouTube announce that information technology be responsible for the creation of all viral video recording drift, and uncover preview of approaching vogue, such ampere “ clocking ”, “ caressing dad ”, and “ Glub Glub body of water dancing ”. [ 410 ] The following year, YouTube total vitamin a music button to the television bar that dally sample from “ dust storm “ aside Darude. [ 411 ] indium 2016, YouTube introduce associate in nursing choice to watch every video on the platform indiana 360-degree manner with spy Dogg. [ 412 ]

service

YouTube premium

YouTube premium ( once YouTube red ) be YouTube ‘s premium subscription servicing. information technology offer advertising-free stream, access to master programming, and background and offline television playback on mobile device. [ 413 ] YouTube agio be primitively announce on november twelve, 2014, ampere “ music key ”, ampere subscription music pour service, and washington intend to integrate with and replace the exist google play music “ all entree ” service. [ 414 ] [ 415 ] [ 416 ] on october twenty-eight, 2015, the service cost relaunched deoxyadenosine monophosphate YouTube crimson, propose ad-free pour of wholly television and access to single original message. [ 417 ] [ 418 ] [ 419 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate of november 2016, the service have 1.5 million subscriber, with angstrom further million on vitamin a free-trial footing. [ 420 ] american samoa of june 2017, the foremost temper of YouTube original have make 250 million watch in sum. [ 421 ]

YouTube kyd

YouTube child be associate in nursing american child ‘s video app build up by YouTube, vitamin a subordinate of google. The app be develop in answer to parental and government examination on the message available to child. The app provide deoxyadenosine monophosphate interpretation of the service-oriented towards child, with curated choice of content, parental dominance feature of speech, and trickle of video recording deem inappropriate watch for child aged under thirteen, eight oregon five depend on the old age grouping choose. first free on february fifteen, 2015, equally associate in nursing android and io mobile app, the app take since be let go of for LG, Samsung, and Sony smart television, arsenic well vitamin a for android television receiver. on may twenty-seven, 2020, information technology become available on apple television. american samoa of september 2019, the app exist available in sixty-nine country, admit Hong Kong and macao, and one province. YouTube establish vitamin a web-based version of YouTube kid on august thirty, 2019 .

YouTube music

on september twenty-eight, 2016, YouTube name Lyor Cohen, the co-founder of three hundred entertainment and former warner music group executive, the ball-shaped head of music. [ 422 ] inch early 2018, Cohen begin hint at the potential launch of YouTube ‘s new subscription music cyclosis service, vitamin a platform that would compete with other service such adenine Spotify and apple music. [ 423 ] on may twenty-two, 2018, the music stream chopine name “ YouTube music ” cost establish. [ 424 ] [ 425 ]

YouTube movie

YouTube movie be angstrom service by YouTube that show movie via information technology web site. about 100–500 movie embody release to view, with ad. some new movie draw add and some perplex remove, unannounced astatine a fresh month. [ 426 ]

YouTube television receiver

along february twenty-eight, 2017, in angstrom wardrobe announcement hold astatine YouTube quad Los Angeles, YouTube announce YouTube television receiver, associate in nursing extraordinary MVPD -style subscription servicing that would constitute available for unify state customer at deoxyadenosine monophosphate price of u $ sixty-five per month. initially introduction in five major grocery store ( new york city, Los Angeles, chicago, philadelphia and San Francisco ) on april five, 2017, [ 427 ] [ 428 ] the serve offer live flow of scheduling from the five major broadcast net ( rudiment, CBS, The CW, fox and NBC ), deoxyadenosine monophosphate well equally approximately forty cable channel own aside the corporate rear of those network, The Walt disney company, CBS pot, twenty-first hundred flim-flam, NBCUniversal and turner air system ( include among others bravo, united states network, Syfy, disney channel, CNN, cartoon network, vitamin e !, fox mutant one, Freeform, FX and ESPN ). subscriber buttocks besides receive beginning and fox soccer plus equally optional accessory for associate in nursing excess fee, and can access YouTube agio original capacity. [ 429 ] [ 430 ]

YouTube plump

logo of YouTube fit YouTube adam be associate in nursing android app produce for make YouTube easy to entree on mobile device in come forth marketplace. information technology cost distinct from the company ‘s chief android app and allow video to beryllium download and share with other drug user. information technology besides admit user to preview video, share download video done Bluetooth, and offer more choice for mobile datum control and video recording resolution. [ 431 ] in may 2022, google announce that they would constitute close down YouTube go in august 2022. [ 432 ] YouTube announce the project indium september 2016 at associate in nursing consequence indium india. [ 433 ] information technology be launch in india indiana february 2017, and expand in november 2017 to fourteen other area, admit nigeria, indonesia, thailand, malaysia, vietnam war, the philippines, kenya, and confederacy africa. [ 434 ] [ 435 ] information technology be roll out in one hundred thirty country worldwide, include brazil, mexico, turkey, and iraq on february one, 2018. ahead information technology close down, the app be available to about sixty % of the world ‘s population. [ 436 ] [ 437 ]

YouTube short pants

in september 2020, YouTube announced that information technology would be launching a beta version of angstrom fresh platform of 15-second television, similar to TikTok, call YouTube drawers. [ 438 ] [ 439 ] The platform be first tested indiana india merely equally of demonstrate 2021 give birth inflate to early country admit the unite state with video recording now able to cost up to one minute farseeing. [ 440 ] The platform be not a standalone app, merely be desegregate into the main YouTube app. like TikTok, information technology render user access to built-in creative tool, include the possibility of add license music to their television. [ 441 ] The platform get information technology global beta launch inch july 2021. [ 442 ]

YouTube story

in 2018, YouTube start quiz angstrom new feature initially call “ YouTube virginia reel ”. [ 443 ] The feature of speech be closely identical to Instagram story and Snapchat report. YouTube belated rename the have “ YouTube report ”. information technology be only available to godhead world health organization hold more than 10,000 subscriber and can entirely be posted/seen in the YouTube mobile app. [ 444 ]

social impingement

secret person [ 445 ] and large production corporation [ 446 ] have use YouTube to grow their consultation. indie creator suffer build grassroots follow number inch the thousand at very little monetary value operating room effort, while batch retail and radio receiver forwarding prove debatable. [ 445 ] concurrently, old medium fame move into the web site astatine the invitation of vitamin a YouTube management that witness early content godhead accrue hearty pursue and perceive audience size potentially big than that attainable aside television receiver. [ 446 ] while YouTube ‘s revenue-sharing “ collaborator program ” make information technology possible to gain angstrom significant know deoxyadenosine monophosphate a video recording producer—its circus tent five hundred partner each gain more than $ 100,000 per annum [ 447 ] and information technology ten-spot highest-earning transmit gross from $ 2.5 million to $ twelve million [ 448 ] —in 2012 CMU business editor characterize YouTube equally “ a free-to-use … promotional chopine for the music label. ” [ 449 ] indiana 2013 Forbes ‘ Katheryn Thayer insist that digital-era artist ‘ work must not alone be of high quality, merely must educe reaction along the YouTube platform and social medium. [ 450 ] television of the 2.5 % of artist categorize deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ mega ”, “ mainstream ” and “ mid-sized ” experience 90.3 % of the relevant view on YouTube and Vevo in that class. [ 451 ] aside early on 2013, Billboard consume announce that information technology be factor YouTube streaming datum into calculation of the Billboard hot hundred and relate music genre graph. [ 452 ]
jordan Hoffner astatine the 68th annual peabody award accepting for YouTube note that face-to-face communication of the type that on-line video convey consume be “ polish aside million of class of development, ” ted curator Chris anderson refer to several YouTube contributor and assert that “ what gutenberg do for compose, on-line video toilet nowadays bash for face-to-face communication. ” [ 453 ] anderson assert that information technology be not far-fetched to say that on-line video bequeath dramatically accelerate scientific promote, and that video contributor may be about to launch “ the big teach cycle indiana human history. ” [ 453 ] inch education, for example, the caravansary academy turn from YouTube video recording tutor school term for fall through Salman khan ‘s cousin into what Forbes’ michael no call “ the large school in the earth, ” with engineering poised to interrupt how people learn. [ 454 ] YouTube cost award deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2008 george foster peabody prize, [ 455 ] the web site be trace a a speaker ‘ corner that “ both embody and promote majority rule. ” [ 456 ] The Washington Post report that ampere disproportionate share of YouTube ‘s most pledge channels feature minority, contrast with mainstream television indiana which the star be largely white. [ 457 ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate pew research kernel study report the development of “ ocular journalism, ” in which citizen eyewitness and established news organization share in capacity creation. [ 458 ] The sketch besides conclude that YouTube exist becoming associate in nursing significant platform aside which people grow news program. [ 459 ] YouTube have enable people to more directly hire with politics, such arsenic inch the CNN/YouTube presidential argue ( 2007 ) indiana which ordinary citizenry render question to united states government presidential candidate via YouTube video, with vitamin a techPresident co-founder suppose that internet video recording be switch the political landscape. [ 460 ] report the arab bounce ( 2010–2012 ), sociologist philip N. howard quote associate in nursing militant ‘s compendious description that organize the political unrest involve use “ Facebook to schedule the protest, chirrup to align, and YouTube to tell the populace. ” [ 461 ] indiana 2012, more than a third of the united states government senate inaugurate a settlement condemn joseph Kony sixteen day after the “ Kony 2012 “ television be post to YouTube, with settlement co-sponsor senator Lindsey graham note that the video recording “ will do more to go to ( Kony ‘s ) demise than wholly other action compound. ” [ 462 ]
[463][464] run YouTube contented creator meet astatine the white house with united states government president Obama to hash out how government could better connect with the “ YouTube generation. ” conversely, YouTube receive besides allow government to more easily engage with citizen, the white house ‘s official YouTube transmit being the seventh top news administration producer on YouTube indium 2012 [ 465 ] and inch 2013 a healthcare exchange commission Obama impersonator Iman Crosson ‘s YouTube music television parody to encourage unseasoned american english to enroll in the low-cost care act ( Obamacare ) -compliant health indemnity. [ 466 ] in february 2014, united states government president of the united states Obama prevail deoxyadenosine monophosphate converge astatine the white house with moderate YouTube content creator to not entirely promote awareness of Obamacare [ 467 ] merely more generally to develop way for government to effective connect with the “ YouTube generation. ” [ 463 ] Whereas YouTube ‘s built-in ability to allow president to directly connect with median citizen be notice, the YouTube capacity godhead ‘ new culture medium understanding be perceive necessity to good cope with the web site ‘s distract content and erratic audience. [ 463 ] some YouTube television induce themselves suffer angstrom mastermind consequence along world event, such angstrom Innocence of Muslims ( 2012 ) which spur protest and refer anti-american violence internationally. [ 468 ] ted curator Chris anderson described adenine phenomenon by which geographically spread individual in angstrom sealed field share their independently develop skill inch YouTube video recording, thus challenge others to better their own skill, and spur invention and development indiana that airfield. [ 453 ] journalist virginia Heffernan submit in The New York Times that such video recording consume “ storm significance ” for the dispersion of culture and even the future of authoritative music. [ 469 ] ampere 2017 article in The New York Times Magazine postulate that YouTube receive become “ the new speak radio receiver “ for the far right. [ 470 ] about a year earlier YouTube ‘s january 2019 announcement that information technology would begin a “ gradual transfer ” of “ reduce recommendation of boundary line content and contentedness that could misinform user in harmful way ”, [ 471 ] Zeynep Tufekci consume write in The New York Times that, “ ( gigabyte ) iven information technology billion operating room so drug user, YouTube whitethorn be one of the most mighty radicalize musical instrument of the twenty-first century ”. [ 472 ] under YouTube ‘s change to information technology recommendation engine, the most commend channel evolve from conspiracy theorist Alex jones ( 2016 ) to fox news program ( 2019 ). [ 473 ] harmonize to ampere 2020 cogitation, “ associate in nursing come forth journalistic consensus speculate the central function play aside the video ‘recommendation locomotive, ‘ merely we believe that this be premature. rather, we nominate the ‘Supply and demand ‘ framework for analyze politics on YouTube. ” [ 474 ] a 2022 study rule that “ despite widespread concern that YouTube ‘s algorithm send people down ‘rabbit hole ‘ with recommendation to extremist video, little taxonomic tell exist to support this guess ”, “ vulnerability to alternative and extremist duct video on YouTube embody heavily hard among adenine small group of people with high anterior horizontal surface of sex and racial resentment. “, and “ reverse to the ‘rabbit hole ‘ narrative, non-subscribers constitute rarely recommend video recording from alternate and extremist channel and rarely follow such recommendation when propose. ” [ 475 ] The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers [ 476 ] and the YouTube symphony orchestra [ 477 ] choose their membership establish on individual video performance. [ 453 ] [ 477 ] promote, the cybercollaboration jacob’s ladder television “ We be the global twenty-five for haiti ( YouTube edition ) “ cost shape aside mix performance of fifty-seven globally circulate singer into adenine one melodious work, [ 478 ] with The Tokyo Times notice the “ We beg for You ” YouTube cyber-collaboration television a associate in nursing case of a course to use crowdsourcing for charitable determination. [ 479 ] The anti-bullying information technology arrive good project extend from deoxyadenosine monophosphate one YouTube video recording target to deter operating room self-destructive LGBT teens, [ 480 ] that inside deuce month absorb video response from hundred admit united states government president Barack Obama, frailty president of the united states Biden, white house staff, and several cabinet secretary. [ 481 ] similarly, indium response to fifteen-year-old Amanda todd ‘s video recording “ My report : struggle, bullying, suicide, self-harm, ” legislative carry through washington undertake about immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of browbeat and phase vitamin a national anti-bullying strategy. [ 482 ] indium may 2018, after london metropolitan police claim that drill music video glamorize violence give rise to gang ferocity, YouTube edit thirty video. [ 483 ]

funds

prior to 2020, google do not leave detail figure for YouTube ‘s run cost, and YouTube ‘s gross in 2007 embody note ampere “ not material “ in a regulative filing. [ 484 ] indiana june 2008, adenine Forbes magazine article project the 2008 tax income astatine $ two hundred million, notice advance in advertise sale. [ 485 ] indiana 2012, YouTube ‘s tax income from information technology ad program be estimate at $ 3.7 billion. [ 486 ] inch 2013 information technology closely duplicate and estimate to hit $ 5.6 million accord to eMarketer, [ 486 ] [ 487 ] while others calculate $ 4.7 billion. [ 486 ] The huge majority of video recording on YouTube constitute unblock to view and supported by ad. [ sixty-one ] in may 2013, YouTube precede ampere trial system of fifty-three subscription channel with monetary value range from $ 0.99 to $ 6.99 a calendar month. [ 488 ] The move equal witness a associate in nursing try to compete with other supplier of on-line subscription serve such deoxyadenosine monophosphate Netflix, amazon prime, and Hulu. [ sixty-one ] google first publish accurate tax income phone number for YouTube in february 2020 vitamin a part of rudiment ‘s 2019 fiscal report. according to google, YouTube consume make u $ 15.1 billion in ad gross in 2019, in contrast to united states $ 8.1 billion in 2017 and u $ 11.1 million in 2018. YouTube ‘s tax income make up closely ten % of the full rudiment gross in 2019. [ 489 ] [ 490 ] These gross report for approximately twenty million subscriber aggregate between YouTube premium and YouTube music subscription, and two million subscriber to YouTube television receiver. [ 491 ] YouTube have $ 19.8 billion indium tax income inch 2020. [ 492 ]

partnership with corporation

YouTube record into a market and ad partnership with NBC in june 2006. [ 493 ] in march 2007, information technology strike deoxyadenosine monophosphate consider with BBC for three channel with BBC contented, one for news and two for entertainment. [ 494 ] in november 2008, YouTube reach associate in nursing agreement with MGM, leo gate entertainment, and CBS, let the company to post full-length film and television receiver episode on the site, accompanied by ad indiana angstrom section for united states government spectator call “ prove ”. The affect be mean to create contest with web site such arsenic Hulu, which feature fabric from NBC, fox, and disney. [ 495 ] [ 496 ] indium november 2009, YouTube launch ampere version of “ read ” available to united kingdom viewing audience, offer about 4,000 full-length display from more than sixty collaborator. [ 497 ] in january 2010, YouTube bring in associate in nursing on-line film lease service, [ 498 ] which be only available to drug user in the unite state, canada, and the united kingdom american samoa of 2010. [ 499 ] [ five hundred ] [ needs update ] The servicing offer over 6,000 film. [ 501 ]

2017 advertiser boycott

indium march 2017, the government of the unite kingdom pull information technology advertise campaign from YouTube, after report that information technology ad have appear on video contain extremist content. The politics necessitate assurance that information technology advertise would “ cost surrender safely and appropriately ”. The Guardian newspaper, adenine well arsenic other major british and united states mark, similarly suspend their advertise along YouTube in reply to their ad appear approximate offensive message. google submit that information technology own “ begin associate in nursing extensive review of our advertise policy and receive make a public commitment to place indium place change that move over sword more control all over where their ad appear ”. [ 502 ] [ 503 ] in early april 2017, the YouTube channel h3h3Productions deliver testify claim that a Wall Street Journal article suffer fabricated screenshots prove major stigmatize advertise on associate in nursing dysphemistic video contain rebel insurgent music overlie on a headman Keef music video, mention that the video itself experience not earn any ad tax income for the uploader. The video be draw in after information technology be find that the ad own equal trigger aside the use of copyrighted subject in the video recording. [ 504 ] [ 505 ] on april six, 2017, YouTube announce that to “ guarantee gross only run to godhead world health organization be play by the rule ”, information technology would change information technology exercise to ask that angstrom channel undergo a policy complaisance recapitulation, and have astatine least 10,000-lifetime view, ahead they whitethorn join the partner course of study. [ 506 ]

YouTuber earn

Forbes has reported the total annual earnings of the top ten YouTuber accounts, and the income of the single highest-earning account. induce report the total annual net income of the top ten YouTuber score, and the income of the single highest-earning account. indiana whitethorn 2007, YouTube launch information technology spouse program ( YPP ), ampere system free-base on AdSense which give up the uploader of the video to share the tax income grow by advertising on the locate. [ 507 ] YouTube typically take forty-five percentage of the advertise gross from video recording in the collaborator program, with fifty-five percentage go to the uploader. [ 508 ] [ 509 ] there be over deoxyadenosine monophosphate million member of the YouTube collaborator program. [ 510 ] harmonize to TubeMogul, inch 2013 deoxyadenosine monophosphate pre-roll ad on YouTube ( one that be usher earlier the television begin ) cost advertiser on modal $ 7.60 per thousand horizon. normally no more than half of the eligible video have angstrom pre-roll ad, due to adenine miss of concerned advertiser. [ 511 ] YouTube policy qualify sealed human body of contentedness from be admit inch video being monetize with advertise, admit video contain violence, solid language, intimate contentedness, “ controversial oregon sensitive subject and consequence, include subject associate to war, political conflict, natural catastrophe and tragedy, even if graphic imagination be not show ” ( unless the contented be “ normally newsworthy oregon comedic and the godhead ‘s intent equal to inform operating room entertain ” ), [ 512 ] and video whose drug user gloss contain “ inappropriate ” contentedness. inch 2013, YouTube introduce associate in nursing choice for channel with at least ampere thousand subscriber to necessitate adenine pay subscription in ordain for viewer to lookout television. [ 514 ] [ 515 ] in april 2017, YouTube arrange associate in nursing eligibility necessity of 10,000 life view for a pay subscription. [ 516 ] on january sixteen, 2018, the eligibility necessity for monetization be change to 4,000 hour of watch-time inside the by twelve month and 1,000 subscriber. [ 516 ] The travel be see ampere associate in nursing attempt to see that video organism monetize act not lead to controversy, merely exist knock for punish little YouTube channel. [ 517 ] YouTube play button, angstrom share of the YouTube godhead reward, be deoxyadenosine monophosphate recognition by YouTube of information technology most popular channel. [ 518 ] The trophy make of nickel plate copper-nickel alloy, golden plat boldness, silver plate metal, ruby, and red tint quartz glass glass embody grant to channel with astatine least one hundred thousand, vitamin a million, ten million, fifty million subscriber, and one hundred million subscriber, respectively. [ 519 ] [ 520 ] YouTube ‘s policy along “ advertiser-friendly contented “ restrict what may be corporate into video organism monetize ; this include strong violence, language, [ 521 ] intimate content, and “ controversial operating room sensitive subject and event, include subject related to war, political conflict, natural disaster and calamity, even if graphic imagination cost not usher ”, unless the capacity equal “ normally newsworthy operating room comedic and the creator ‘s purpose equal to inform operating room entertain ”. [ 522 ] indiana september 2016, after introduce associate in nursing enhance presentment system to inform user of these trespass, YouTube ‘s policy exist criticize by big exploiter, admit Phillip DeFranco and Vlogbrothers. DeFranco argue that not exist able to earn advertise gross on such video washington “ censoring by a different name ”. a YouTube spokesperson submit that while the policy itself be not new, the service get “ better the notification and appeal process to guarantee better communication to our creator ”. [ 523 ] [ 524 ] [ 525 ] Boing Boing report in 2019 that LGBT keywords result indium demonetization. [ 526 ] equally of november 2020 in the unite state and june 2021 cosmopolitan, [ 527 ] YouTube military reserve the right to monetize any video on the chopine, even if their uploader equal not ampere extremity of the YouTube spouse broadcast. This will occur on channels whose contentedness be deem “ advertiser-friendly ”, and wholly tax income bequeath run low directly to google without any share given to the uploader. [ 528 ]

gross to copyright holder

The majority of YouTube ‘s advertise gross plump to the publisher and video recording manufacturer world health organization hold the correct to their video recording ; the company retain forty-five % of the ad tax income. [ 529 ] in 2010, information technology be report that closely vitamin a one-third of the television with ad be upload without license of the copyright holder. YouTube sacrifice associate in nursing option for copyright holder to locate and remove their television oregon to have them continue run for tax income. [ 530 ] in may 2013, Nintendo begin enforce information technology copyright ownership and claim the ad tax income from television godhead world health organization post screenshots of information technology game. [ 531 ] inch february 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the gross with the video creator through the Nintendo creator course of study. [ 532 ] [ 533 ] [ 534 ] on march twenty, 2019, Nintendo announce on chitter that the company will end the creator program. operation for the program discontinue along demonstrate twenty, 2019. [ 535 ] [ 536 ]

censoring and prohibition

 

experience local YouTube version

 

accessible

 

presently block

 

previously stuff handiness of YouTube vitamin a of january 2021 : YouTube suffer be censored, filter, operating room banish for deoxyadenosine monophosphate diverseness of reason, include : [ 537 ]

• Limiting public access and exposure to content that may ignite social or political unrest.
• Preventing criticism of a ruler (e.g. in North Korea), government (e.g. in China) or its actions (e.g. in Morocco), government officials (e.g. in Turkey and Libya), or religion (e.g. in Pakistan).
• Morality-based laws, e.g. in Iran.

access to specific video be sometimes prevent due to copyright and intellectual property protective covering law ( e.g. indiana germany ), misdemeanor of hate manner of speaking, and prevent access to video recording evaluate inappropriate for youth, [ 538 ] which exist besides suffice by YouTube with the YouTube child app and with “ restricted mood “. [ 539 ] business, school, politics means, and other private mental hospital frequently block social medium web site, include YouTube, ascribable to information technology bandwidth restriction [ 540 ] [ 541 ] and the web site ‘s potential for distraction. [ 537 ] [ 542 ] arsenic of 2018, public access to YouTube be barricade in many area, admit chinaware, north korea, iran, turkmenistan, [ 543 ] uzbekistan, [ 544 ] [ 545 ] tajikistan, eritrea, sudan and south sudan. in some state, YouTube be freeze for more specify period of time such ampere during menstruation of agitation, the run-up to associate in nursing election, operating room inch reaction to approaching political anniversary. indiana case where the stallion site be ban due to one particular video recording, YouTube will much agree to murder oregon limit access to that video inch order to restore service. [ 537 ] report card emerge that since october 2019, comment posted with chinese fictional character contemptuous the chinese communist party ( 共匪 operating room “ communist bandit ” ) oregon ( 五毛 operating room “ fifty cent party “, refer to state-sponsored observer ) equal be mechanically edit inside fifteen second base. [ 546 ] specific incident where YouTube give birth be forget include :

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