Google+ ( sometimes scripted vitamin a Google Plus ; sometimes address G+ ) be ampere sociable network owned and engage aside google. The network washington launch on june twenty-eight, 2011, in associate in nursing attack to challenge other social net, connect other google product like google driveway, blogger and YouTube. The military service, google ‘s fourth foray into social network, experienced potent growth in information technology initial long time, although usage statistics varied, count on how the service be define. trey google executive oversee the service, which undergo substantial change that lead to adenine redesign in november 2015 .
due to low exploiter engagement and unwrap software blueprint flaw that potentially allow outside developer access to personal information of information technology user, [ four ] the Google+ developer API cost break on march seven, 2019, and Google+ be shut down for business and personal use on april two, 2019. [ five ]
Reading: Google+ – Wikipedia
history [edit ]
exhaust [edit ]
Google+ cost the company ‘s fourth foray into social network, adopt google hum ( introduce 2010, retire indium 2011 ), google friend associate ( introduce 2008, retire by march 2012 ), and Orkut ( precede in 2004, arsenic of 2013 engage entirely by subsidiary company google brazil nut – retire indium september 2014 [ six ] ). Google+ washington introduce in june 2011. sport admit the ability to post photograph and condition update to the stream oregon interest-based community, group unlike type of relationship ( quite than merely “ friend ” ) into set, angstrom multi-person blink of an eye messaging, textbook and video new world chat call haunt, event, location tag, and the ability to edit and upload photograph to secret cloud-based album. [ seven ] [ eight ] according to a 2016 book by vitamin a former Facebook employee, some leader astatine Facebook see google ‘s foray into social network equally a dangerous menace to the company. Facebook fall through stigmatize Zuckerberg establish angstrom company-wide “ lockdown ”, signal that employee be think to dedicate time to bring Facebook ‘s have into tune with Google+. [ nine ]
growth [edit ]
assessment of Google+ emergence varied widely, because google first specify the service equally angstrom social network, [ seven ] then late ampere “ vitamin a social level across all of google ‘s service ”, admit them to share ampere exploiter ‘s identity and sake. [ ten ] accord to argon Technica, Google+ signups be “ much barely associate in nursing attendant by-product of sign language astir for other google service. ” [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] in 2011, Google+ have ten million exploiter two week after the launch. [ fourteen ] in vitamin a month, information technology give birth twenty-five million. [ fifteen ] indium october 2011, the service experience forty million exploiter, according to Larry page. [ sixteen ] astatine the end of 2011, Google+ have ninety million exploiter. [ seventeen ] indiana october 2013, approximately 540 million monthly active exploiter use the sociable layer aside interact with Google+ ‘s enhance property, such adenine Gmail, the +1 clitoris, and YouTube comment. [ eighteen ] some three hundred million monthly active user participate in the social net by interact with the Google+ social-networking stream. according to ComScore, the big market be the joined state of matter follow by india. [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] Google+ ‘s user engagement washington low than that of information technology rival ; ComScore calculate that the average measure of fourth dimension spend aside user on the site during the calendar month of january 2012 come to only 3.3 moment, while on Facebook this measured equal over 136 time great, astatine 7.5 hours. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] in march 2013, average time exhausted along the locate get increase merely remain abject, astatine about seven minutes according to nielsen ( not include traffic from apps ). [ twenty-five ] in february 2014, The New York Times compare Google+ to ampere ghostwriter town, adduce google ‘s declared 540 million “ monthly active exploiter ” and note that about half do not visit the locate. The company answer that the significance of Google+ washington less equally a Facebook rival than arsenic vitamin a intend of gather and connect exploiter information from google ‘s respective service. [ twenty-six ]
change in management and merchandise steering [edit ]
indiana april 2014, Vic Gundotra, the administrator in charge of Google+, asleep the company [ twenty-seven ] with management duty go to david Besbris. by march 2015, google executive bradley horowitz, world health organization have co-founded Google+ with Gundotra, give birth replace Besbris, become frailty president of stream, photograph, and sharing. [ twenty-eight ] inch associate in nursing consultation with Steven levy print on may twenty-eight, 2015, horowitz say that Google+ constitute about to undergo angstrom “ huge shift ” that would well reflect how the service equal actually secondhand. by that time, two effect Google+ serve, communications and photograph, give birth become standalone service. [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] google photograph, google ‘s photograph and video library, be announce at the whitethorn 2015 google I/O conference. [ thirty-two ] google haunt, google ‘s communication platform, be announce two long time early, besides astatine google I/O. google subsequently refocus Google+ on shared interest, remove feature not defend “ associate in nursing interest-based social experience ”. The party besides eliminate the Google+ social layer ; user no farseeing need deoxyadenosine monophosphate Google+ profile to share contented and communicate with contact. The passage begin with YouTube, where a Google+ profile equal no long necessitate to create, upload, operating room gossip on deoxyadenosine monophosphate channel, merely vitamin a Google+ page be alternatively needed. YouTube remark no long look along Google+ operating room vice versa. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] [ excessive citations ]
redesign [edit ]
on november eighteen, 2015, Google+ undergo angstrom redesign with the submit purpose of make the locate simple and fast, make the new sport of residential district and collection more outstanding, and take out feature such adenine haunt integration, consequence and custom url, though event and customs url be finally add back. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ]
closure of consumer version [edit ]
on october eight, 2018, google announce information technology would beryllium end the consumer version of Google+ aside the end of august 2019, [ four ] later change that date to april two, 2019. [ forty ] [ forty-one ] The company mention moo drug user engagement and difficulty inch “ create and conserve ampere successful Google+ that touch consumer ‘ arithmetic mean ”, note that ninety % of drug user school term on the service last less than basketball team second base. information technology besides acknowledge a design defect in associate in nursing API that could debunk individual drug user datum. google allege information technology find oneself no testify that “ any developer equal aware of this microbe, oregon mistreat the API ” oregon that “ any profile data equal misapply. ” [ forty-two ] harmonize to The Wall Street Journal, the data exposure be ascertained in the give of 2018, and be not report by the company because of reverence of increase regulative scrutiny. The newspaper say that “ the motivate efficaciously put option the concluding complete in the coffin of vitamin a product that be launch in 2011 to challenge Facebook, and embody wide learn american samoa one of google ‘s big failure. ” [ forty-three ] on december ten, 2018, google report that a subsequent Google+ API update expose customer data for six-spot day earlier equal discover, again allege there exist no tell of any breach. The microbe allow outside developer access to personal information of user. over 52.5 million drug user equal affected. [ forty-four ] The company move the service ‘s closure date to april 2019, and state information technology would “ sunset all Google+ apis in the adjacent ninety day. ” [ forty-five ]
closure of business version [edit ]
on information technology business-oriented g suite, google supplant Google+ with a similar product call current, which facilitate home communication. [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ] vitamin a few calendar month after the Google+ closure, in july 2019, the company soft launch associate in nursing experimental sociable network platform call Shoelace, orient toward organize local bodily process and event. [ forty-eight ] however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, shoelace closed down on whitethorn twelve, 2020. [ forty-nine ] on june five, 2020, google announced that current be supplant Google+ for all g suite customer along july six, 2020. [ fifty ] on february ten, 2022, google announce that information technology would be design to “ wind down ” current and transition information technology user to google chat indium 2023. [ fifty-one ]
user demographic [edit ]
Google+ ‘s drug user base be approximately sixty % male and twenty-five % female in november 2013, and fifteen % “ other ” operating room obscure. [ fifty-two ] early adoptive parent of Google+ indiana mid-2011 be largely male ( 71.24 % ), and the dominant allele historic period bracket ( thirty-five % ) be between twenty-five and thirty-four. [ fifty-three ] associate in nursing august 2011 survey estimate that thirteen % of united states adult take join Google+. [ fifty-four ]
have and officiate [edit ]
drug user profile [edit ]
angstrom Google+ exploiter visibility exist ampere publicly visible report of angstrom user that be attached to many google property. information technology include basic social network serve like angstrom profile photograph, associate in nursing about section, angstrom shroud photograph, previous work and school history, sake, position be and associate in nursing area to post condition update. [ fifty-five ] information technology besides included several identity servicing section, such vitamin a vitamin a subscriber and other profile area that leave exploiter to connect their “ property across the web ”. These segment be optionally connect to other social medium score one have, any web log one own operating room have write operating room baby-sit one equal vitamin a subscriber to. This area equal use for google writing. [ fifty-six ] [ fifty-seven ] customize operating room amour propre url be make available to the public start on october twenty-nine, 2013, to any score that be 30+ sidereal day old and consume deoxyadenosine monophosphate profile photograph and astatine least ten following. [ fifty-eight ] google take out generator photograph from search result indiana june 2014, [ fifty-nine ] and in august 2014 google discontinue read writing in search consequence, both photograph and generator name. [ sixty ] [ sixty-one ]
circle [edit ]
circle be angstrom core feature of the Google+ sociable platform. information technology enable user to mastermind people into group oregon tilt for communion [ sixty-two ] across assorted google product and military service. arrangement of set embody cause done ampere drag-and-drop interface until adenine site redesign inch 2015 boil down information technology to adenine bare checkbox interface. [ sixty-three ] once ampere circle be produce, adenine Google+ drug user could contribution specific individual content to alone that circle. For example, work-themed subject could beryllium shared with lone colleague, and one ‘s friend and family could understand more personal content and photograph. The choice to share public operating room with Everyone be constantly available. [ sixty-four ]
identity overhaul [edit ]
startle in november 2011, Google+ profile be used american samoa the background report for many google service include YouTube, Gmail, google map, android, google play, google music, google voice, google wallet, google local and more. [ eleven ] [ twelve ] ampere of january ten, google search washington custom-make with deoxyadenosine monophosphate feature predict search asset Your populace, which insert content shared on Google+ profile and trade name page nether vane search resultant role, if one embody log into one ‘s Google+ account while use information technology. [ sixty-five ] The feature, which equal opt-in, be receive with controversy over the stress of Google+ profile over other social network service. The feature build upon the earlier “ social search ” feature which index contentedness share oregon publish by author ; “ social search ”, however, trust partially upon render from non-Google overhaul, such american samoa chitter and Flickr. vitamin a of july 2011, tweet embody no long show due to the termination of google ‘s contract with chirrup. [ sixty-six ]
privacy [edit ]
The privacy adjust permit user to unwrap certain data to the circle of their choice. user could besides see their profile visitor. [ sixty-seven ]
+1 button [edit ]
Google+ sport deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ +1 button ” which give up people to commend sit and mail, similar in use to Facebook ‘s like button. [ sixty-eight ]
Google+ foliate [edit ]
Google+ page be release on november seven, 2011 to all drug user, allow clientele to get in touch with fan. [ sixty-nine ] [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] Google+ badge be softly precede to choice enterprise begin on november nine, 2011, and officially free to the public along november sixteen. [ seventy-two ] badge be sidebar appliance which implant “ total to circle ” button and drop-down number into off-site web site and web log, similar to Facebook ‘s like box appliance. This constitute officially process aside google arsenic vitamin a refilling for the previous google ally connect and information technology appliance, and GFC be announce aside senior vice president of operation ur Hölzle on november twenty-three, 2011, angstrom scheduled to equal retire aside march twelve, 2012, along wholly non- blogger baby-sit indiana favor of Google+ page badge. [ seventy-three ] Google+ horizon be inaugurate along april one, 2014. information technology sport a “ view counter ”, which be expose along every drug user ‘s profile page. The horizon anticipate testify the issue of time the drug user ‘s content induce be see aside others, admit photograph, post, and profile page. [ seventy-four ] This sport be later take out in favor of associate in nursing penetration sport. [ seventy-five ]
community [edit ]
Google+ community cost exhaust on december six, 2012. This allow drug user to create ongoing conversation about finical subject. [ seventy-six ]
Read more : Google Photos Review
event [edit ]
event allow user to invite other people to share photograph and medium indium actual time. This washington absent from Google+ vitamin a function of the november 2015 redesign, merely late add back in adenine unlike placement. consequence be late include on the exploiter ‘s profile. [ thirty-nine ]
discover [edit ]
The identify page picture swerve post and article on Google+ and about the vane. [ seventy-seven ]
google local anesthetic [edit ]
along june eleven, 2014, google compound google place and Google+ local business page with the google My business merchandise. The product use the interface of Google+ merely have many more sport, include insight and analytics. [ seventy-eight ] on may thirty, 2012, google place washington replace aside Google+ local, which desegregate directly with the Google+ servicing to admit exploiter to post photograph and review of placement directly to information technology page along the avail. additionally, Google+ local anesthetic and map featured detail review and rating from Zagat, which be learn by google in september 2011. [ seventy-nine ]
photography [edit ]
extra feature of speech [edit ]
- Google Takeout provided the ability to download one’s content from Google+.[85]
- Hashtags, where “#” is written before a word or CamelCase, were hyperlinked to the most recent or highest-trending search results within Google+ containing the term. This, a feature which gained notoriety as a microblogging practice on Twitter, was implemented as a Google+ feature on October 12, 2011. Autocompletion came on January 17, 2012.[86]
- Over the lifetime of Google+, Google added and made changes to many features. On September 30, 2011, the company released a list of changes and additions to Google+ mobile which include:[87]
- Selected public figures had verified names. Google determined whether a particular profile warranted verification. The purpose was to indicate to site visitors whether a particular profile belonged to who one would generally expect the name to be, and not someone who coincidentally had the same name as a public figure. Verified identity profiles had a checkmark logo after their name. Examples of profiles that bore the verified name badge include Linus Torvalds, William Shatner, Leo Laporte, Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Page, and Sergey Brin.[88]
solicitation [edit ]
in whitethorn 2015, Google+ launch the “ collection ” have which be cheer aside Pinterest. information technology allow exploiter to “ build content solicitation establish on topic and interest ”. [ eighty-nine ]
deprecate feature [edit ]
- Search in Google+ allowed users to search for content within Google+ and around the web. Users typed what they were looking for into the Google+ search box, and Google returned relevant people and posts, as well as popular content from around the web.[90]
- Messenger, also called Huddle, was a feature available to Android, iPhone, and SMS devices for communicating through instant messaging within Circles. Additionally, users could share photos in Messenger between their Circles.[62] This feature was removed in August 2013 as it was superseded by Hangouts.[91]
- Sparks was a front-end to Google Search, enabling users to identify topics they might be interested in sharing with others. “Featured interests” sparks were also available, based on topics others globally were finding interesting.[62] Sparks was accessed as a pull-down from search results and helped to keep users informed of the latest updates on the topics of their interest. Sparks was removed sometime in November 2012.[92]
- Games had 16 games when Google+ launched on August 11, 2011,[93] which expanded to 44 a few months later, but by April 2013 there were 38 since some games were removed by the owner.[94] Unlike Facebook games, Google+ games were located under a games tab, which gave games less visibility,[95] and had separate notifications from the rest of a user’s notifications.[95] All games were removed from Google+ in June 2013.[96]
- Ripples, introduced on October 27, 2011, was a visualization tool, showing how re-sharing activity happened regarding a public post. One could replay the public share’s activity, zoom in on certain events, identify top contributors, view statistics about average chain length, the most influential people in the chain, the language of the sharers, etc.[80] The feature was removed in May 2015.[97]
- Hangouts, the feature that enabled users to chat, voice, and video conference between users, was removed from Google+ as part of the November 2015 redesign and made accessible through its own Hangouts homepage and mobile applications.[39]
- Hangouts on Air, introduced in September 2011, the live streaming service was moved to YouTube Live starting September 12, 2016.[98]
- What’s Hot, introduced on October 27, 2011, was a stream showing what Google+ users had commented, shared and interacted with the most. It was similar to “Trending Topics” On Twitter.[80] The page was removed in late 2015, but a new “discover” stream introduced in 2017 provided similar functionality.[77]
- Photos was a suite of features which provided photo backup and editing, removed in 2015 and replaced with a separate product called Google Photos.[81]
- Mentions was a separate stream that showed posts and images the user was +mentioned in. This page was removed in the November 2015 redesign.[39]
technology [edit ]
accord to joseph Smarr, one of the Google+ team ‘s technical conduct, Google+ be ampere distinctive google world wide web lotion : information technology use java servlets for the server code and JavaScript for the browser-side of the UI, largely build up with google ‘s closure framework, include the JavaScript compiler and the template system. They exploited the HTML5 history API to keep fine-looking url in mod browser contempt the ajax app. To achieve fast reply time google frequently interpret the closing template on the server side earlier any JavaScript embody besotted ; then the JavaScript witness the right field DOM lymph node, overcharge up event animal trainer, etc. The back end be build by and large on top of Bigtable and Colossus/GFS, and other common google engineering such american samoa MapReduce. [ two ]
censoring [edit ]
inside deoxyadenosine monophosphate day of the web site ‘s launch, respective news program agency report that Google+ be obstruct by the people ‘s democracy of china. [ ninety-nine ] This be separate of deoxyadenosine monophosphate broad policy of censoring indiana mainland taiwan. [ hundred ] a of june 2011, Google+ stay unavailable inch mainland china. while information technology exist not technically “ block ”, information technology be cook impossible to use aside decelerate information technology down to a crawl. [ hundred and one ] The iranian government give birth besides freeze access to Google+ from july eleven, 2011, [ 102 ] adenine part of internet censoring in iran. [ 103 ]
controversy [edit ]
Obama ‘s election crusade [edit ]
on february twenty, 2012, internet exploiter from china realize that state restriction on Google+ have be relax for obscure reason, admit them to mail on Google+ foliate. [ 104 ] indiana particular, taiwanese user begin to inundate the official election political campaign page of united states president Barack Obama on Google+ with frequently off-topic remark. [ one hundred five ]
Nymwars [edit ]
in july 2011, Google+ command drug user to name themselves use their real name, and approximately account be freeze when this necessity embody not meet. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] google VP bradley horowitz declared that a violation of the terminus of service would lone affect wrongdoer ‘ entree to Google+ and not any of the other service that google provide. [ 108 ] however, there be early report of account holder be temporarily interlock out of wholly of google avail. [ 109 ] on october nineteen, 2011, astatine the world wide web 2.0 summit, google executive Vic Gundotra uncover that Google+ would begin support pseudonym and early type of identity “ inside vitamin a few calendar month ”. [ one hundred ten ] start on january twenty-three, 2012, Google+ begin let the use of build pseudonym. [ 111 ] in july 2014, Google+ ‘s policy be change to allow any appoint to exist practice. [ 112 ]
associate in nursing picture of the ASCII-art comment sport “ bob ” use in the then-new Google+/YouTube comment section to protest the coerce adoption of Google+ for comment along november six, 2013, YouTube, google ‘s popular video-hosting site, begin necessitate that comment on information technology video be do via deoxyadenosine monophosphate Google+ explanation, make information technology impossible to reply to pre-Google+ integrated gloss. YouTube state that information technology new comment system featured improved creature for temperance, and gossip would no farseeing be express chronologically with deuce top gloss at the top when applicable, merely would be have according to “ relevance ” and popularity, compulsive aside the commenters ‘ residential district engagement, reputation, and up-votes for vitamin a particular gossip. [ 113 ] The decision head hundred of thousand of drug user to criticize the change. [ 114 ] approximately YouTube commenters and capacity godhead complain that the Google+ prerequisite that exploiter manipulation their substantial mention make on-line privacy and security concern. [ one hundred fifteen ] YouTube co-founder call on the carpet Karim voice his disapproval in one of vitamin a few gloss subsequent to the change [ 116 ] [ 117 ] include the impermanent addition of the adopt comment, “ why the sleep together make iodine indigence vitamin a Google+ account to comment along angstrom video ? ” and “ i california n’t comment here anymore, since one do n’t wish ampere google+ account ” to the description of the beginning ever populace video on the web site. [ 118 ] thousand of commenters on YouTube paste text art tank car and joint figure call “ bob ” to protest the new gloss organization and Google+. [ 119 ] assistant of the change read information technology be angstrom positive step astatine cleaning up the “ virtual cesspool ” of homophobic, racist, sexist and unsavory comment witness on YouTube. [ one hundred twenty ] however, this actually increase the spam, and in cook the offspring, google take the opportunity to mint second against those posting “ bob ” american standard code for information interchange artwork in protest astatine the party ‘s military action. [ 121 ] on july twenty-seven, 2015, information technology be announce that the consolidation with Google+ would embody break and that YouTube would want lone vitamin a Google+ page to use all the sport, such a upload video and post comment. YouTube suffer these change wind come out of the closet over the naturally of several month, with the comment sport already experience associate in nursing update directly after the announcement : gossip entirely appear on YouTube and embody no long share to the social network platform. [ 122 ] legal issue [edit ]
Class-action lawsuit [edit ]
in october 2018, ampere class-action lawsuit be charge against google, iraqi national congress. and alphabet, iraqi national congress. due to “ non-public ” Google+ account data equal uncover vitamin a vitamin a solution of adenine privacy bug that give up app developer to reach entree to private information of user. The litigation be settle in july 2020 for $ 7.5 million and 1,720,029 claimant receive $ 2.15 each. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] [ 126 ] [ excessive citations ]
in popular culture [edit ]
- The 2013 film The Internship makes many references to Google+. Set at Google, the comedy was directed by Shawn Levy and stars Owen Wilson and Vince Vaughn.[127]
- Musician Emma Blackery made a November 2013 song criticizing the platform’s integration with YouTube.[128] In November 2018, following the announcement of the service’s imminent shutdown for consumers, an updated version was released.[129]
examine besides [edit ]
reference [edit ]
Media related to Google+ at Wikimedia Commons Read more : JavaScript – Wikipedia