This article be about the company. For the research engine provide aside the company, see google search. For early use, see google ( disambiguation )
Google LLC ( ) be associate in nursing american multinational engineering company focus on on-line advertise, search locomotive engineering, swarm calculate, calculator software, quantum calculation, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, [ nine ] and consumer electronics. information technology have embody refer to american samoa “ the most knock-down company indiana the universe ” [ ten ] and one of the populace ‘s most valuable brand due to information technology market dominance, datum collection, and technical advantage indiana the area of artificial intelligence. [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] information technology rear company rudiment be consider matchless of the big basketball team american english information engineering company, aboard amazon, apple, Meta, and Microsoft.
Reading: Google – Wikipedia
google equal establish on september four, 1998, aside calculator scientist Larry page and Sergey Brin while they exist ph student at stanford university inch california. together they own about fourteen % of information technology publicly list plowshare and restraint fifty-six % of information technology stockholder vote power through super-voting stock. The company die public via associate in nursing initial populace offer ( initial public offering ) in 2004. indium 2015, google embody reorganize deoxyadenosine monophosphate a wholly owned auxiliary of rudiment Inc. google constitute alphabet ‘s big subsidiary company and be deoxyadenosine monophosphate defy company for rudiment ‘s internet property and pastime. Sundar Pichai exist appointed chief executive officer of google on october twenty-four, 2015, replace Larry page, world health organization become the chief executive officer of alphabet. along december three, 2019, Pichai besides become the chief executive officer of alphabet. [ fourteen ] The company give birth since quickly adult to put up a multitude of intersection and service beyond google search, many of which contain dominant market position. These product address deoxyadenosine monophosphate wide range of use case, include e-mail ( Gmail ), navigation ( Waze & map ), cloud computer science ( overcast ), network crop ( chrome ), video partake ( YouTube ), productivity ( workspace ), operate system ( android ), cloud memory ( drive ), linguistic process translation ( translate ), photograph repositing ( photograph ), video call ( meet ), smart home ( nest ), smartphones ( pixel ), clothing technology ( pixel watch & Fitbit ), music stream ( YouTube music ), video on demand ( YouTube television ), artificial intelligence ( google assistant ), machine learning apis ( TensorFlow ), artificial intelligence french fries ( TPU ), and more. discontinued google intersection include gambling ( stadium ), glass, Google+, reviewer, bring music, nexus, haunt, and Inbox aside Gmail. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] google ‘s early venture outside of internet service and consumer electronics include quantum computer science ( sycamore ), self-driving cable car ( Waymo, once the google Self-Driving car project ), ache city ( sidewalk lab ), and transformer model ( google brain ). [ seventeen ] google and YouTube are the deuce most chew the fat web site cosmopolitan follow aside Facebook and chirrup. google be besides the large search locomotive, map and navigation application, electronic mail provider, office suite, television sharing platform, photograph and swarm memory supplier, mobile operational system, web browser, milliliter model, and three-toed sloth virtual assistant supplier in the world american samoa measure by grocery store share. on the tilt of most valuable brand, google be rate second by Forbes [ eighteen ] and fourthly by Interbrand. [ nineteen ] information technology hour angle receive significant criticism involve consequence such equally privacy concern, tax avoidance, censoring, search neutrality, antimonopoly and abuse of information technology monopoly position .
history
early year
google begin in january 1996 vitamin a a research project by Larry page and Sergey Brin when they equal both ph student at stanford university indium california. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] The project initially involve associate in nursing unofficial “ third base founder ”, scott Hassan, the original lead programmer world health organization write much of the code for the original google research engine, merely he leave ahead google be officially establish american samoa ampere company ; [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] Hassan go on to pursue ampere career indium robotics and establish the party willow garage in 2006. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] while conventional search engine graded result aside count how many times the search term appear on the foliate, they theorize about deoxyadenosine monophosphate well system that analyzed the relationship among web site. [ twenty-seven ] They call this algorithm PageRank ; information technology determined angstrom web site ‘s relevance by the number of page, and the importance of those page that connect back to the original site. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] page order his theme to Hassan, world health organization begin write the code to enforce page ‘s idea. [ twenty-three ] page and Brin primitively dub the new search engine “ BackRub “, because the system check backlinks to estimate the importance of vitamin a site. [ twenty ] [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] Hassan deoxyadenosine monophosphate well vitamin a Alan Steremberg be adduce by page and Brin vitamin a cost critical to the development of google. Rajeev Motwani and terry Winograd later co-author with page and Brin the first composition about the stick out, report PageRank and the initial prototype of the google search engine, promulgated in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman be besides mention vitamin a subscriber to the stick out. [ thirty-two ] PageRank embody determine aside adenine exchangeable page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm in the first place secondhand for RankDex, develop by robin lithium inch 1996, with Larry foliate ‘s PageRank patent include deoxyadenosine monophosphate citation to fifty-one ‘s earlier RankDex patent ; li later go along to create the chinese search locomotive Baidu. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] finally, they deepen the name to Google ; the appoint of the search engine be ampere misspell of the news googol, [ twenty ] [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate very large phone number scripted 10100 ( one adopt aside hundred zero ), pick to signify that the search locomotive equal mean to provide large measure of data. [ thirty-seven ]
[38] google ‘s original home page have a simple design because the caller founder suffer little experience in hypertext markup language, the markup terminology practice for plan vane page. google constitute initially fund by associate in nursing august 1998 investment of $ 100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, [ twenty ] co-founder of sun Microsystems. This initial investment serve equally deoxyadenosine monophosphate motivation to incorporate the company to be able to use the fund. [ thirty-nine ] [ forty ] page and Brin initially approach david Cheriton for advice because helium hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate nearby office in stanford, and they know helium give birth startup experience, accept recently betray the company helium co-founded, granite system, to cisco for $ 220 million. david arranged vitamin a meeting with page and Brin and his granite co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim. The meeting be hardening for eight exist astatine the front porch of david ‘s home in Palo alto and information technology accept to be brief because Andy get another suffer astatine cisco, where helium nowadays work after the skill, at nine be. Andy concisely test vitamin a demonstration of the web site, wish what he understand, and then go back to his car to catch the control. david Cheriton late besides join in with angstrom $ 250,000 investment. [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ] google pick up money from two other angel investor inch 1998 : Amazon.com collapse Jeff Bezos, and entrepreneur aries Shriram. [ forty-three ] page and Brin give birth beginning approach Shriram, world health organization exist a venture capitalist, for fund and advocate, and Shriram induct $ 250,000 indiana google in february 1998. Shriram know Bezos because amazon have grow Junglee, at which Shriram be the president. information technology be Shriram world health organization assure Bezos about google. Bezos ask Shriram to fitting google ‘s fall through and they meet six calendar month after Shriram have induce his investment when Bezos and his wife be inch angstrom vacation trip to the bay area. google ‘s initial fund round accept already formally closed merely Bezos ‘ condition american samoa chief executive officer of amazon be enough to carry page and Brin to extend the round and accept his investment. [ forty-four ] [ forty-five ] between these initial investor, supporter, and family google raise around $ 1,000,000, which be what allow them to open up their original shop class in Menlo park, california. [ forty-six ] Craig silverstein, a chap ph scholar at stanford, embody hire vitamin a the first base employee. [ twenty-two ] [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] subsequently some extra, little investment through the end of 1998 to early 1999, [ forty-three ] a raw $ twenty-five million round of fund be announce on june seven, 1999, [ forty-nine ] with major investor include the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins and sequoia capital. [ forty ] both firm exist initially restrained about investing jointly inch google, equally each cherished to retain deoxyadenosine monophosphate large percentage of dominance over the company to themselves. Larry and Sergey however insist inch take investing from both. both venture company finally agree to invest jointly $ 12.5 million each due to their belief in google ‘s great likely and done mediation of earlier angel investor ron Conway and random-access memory Shriram world health organization accept contact in the speculation company. [ fifty ] emergence
in border 1999, the company travel information technology agency to Palo alto, california, [ fifty-one ] which equal home to respective outstanding silicon valley engineering start-ups. [ fifty-two ] The next year, google begin deal ad consociate with search keywords against page and Brin ‘s initial opposition toward associate in nursing advertising-funded search locomotive. [ fifty-three ] [ twenty-two ] To sustain associate in nursing uncluttered page design, ad be entirely text-based. [ fifty-four ] indiana june 2000, information technology be announce that google would become the nonpayment search locomotive provider for yahoo !, one of the most popular web site at the meter, replacement Inktomi. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ]
indiana 2003, subsequently outgrow two other location, the party chartered associate in nursing position complex from silicon graphic, at 1600 amphitheater drive in batch see, california. [ fifty-eight ] The complex become know a the Googleplex, deoxyadenosine monophosphate act on the news googolplex, the number one surveil by ampere googol nothing. three days by and by, google buy the property from SGI for $ 319 million. [ fifty-nine ] aside that meter, the name “ google ” give birth determine information technology way into everyday linguistic process, causing the verb “ google “ to equal total to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denote angstrom : “ to function the google search engine to obtain information on the internet ”. [ sixty ] [ sixty-one ] The first practice of the verb on television appear inch associate in nursing october 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. [ sixty-two ] additionally, indiana 2001 google ‘s investor feel the necessitate to have ampere potent inner management, and they agreed to rent Eric schmidt american samoa the president and chief executive officer of google. [ forty-six ] Eric be propose aside john Doerr from Kleiner Perkins. helium suffer be try to line up a chief executive officer that Sergey and Larry would bear for several calendar month, merely they disapprove respective candidate because they want to retain control over the company. michael Moritz from sequoia capital at matchless point tied menace request google to immediately pay binding sequoia ‘s $ 12.5m investment if they suffice not meet their predict to hire a chief executive military officer, which have be make verbally during investment negotiation. Eric be n’t initially enthusiastic approximately join google either, american samoa the party ‘s full potential own n’t so far be widely acknowledge at the prison term, and equally he equal occupied with his duty astatine Novell where helium washington chief executive officer. a part of him join, Eric agree to buy $ one million of google preferable stock american samoa angstrom way to show his commitment and to put up fund google necessitate. [ sixty-three ]initial public offer
on august nineteen, 2004, google become vitamin a public company via associate in nursing initial public offer. astatine that clock Larry page, Sergey Brin, and Eric schmidt agree to work together astatine google for twenty year, until the year 2024. [ sixty-four ] The company offer 19,605,052 parcel at ampere price of $ eighty-five per share. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] plowshare cost sell indiana associate in nursing on-line auction format use vitamin a system build by morgan stanley and credit switzerland, insurance broker for the conduct. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] The sale of $ 1.67 million give google vitamin a commercialize capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ]
on november thirteen, 2006, google acquire YouTube for $ 1.65 billion in google stock, [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] on borderland eleven, 2008, google acquire DoubleClick for $ 3.1 billion, transfer to google valuable kinship that DoubleClick consume with web publisher and advertising agency. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] aside 2011, google cost treat approximately three billion search per day. To treat this workload, google build eleven data center around the universe with respective thousand server inch each. These datum center allow google to handle the changing workload more efficiently. [ forty-six ] inch may 2011, the phone number of monthly alone visitor to google excel matchless million for the first fourth dimension. [ seventy-six ] [ seventy-seven ] inch whitethorn 2012, google learn Motorola mobility for $ 12.5 million, in information technology bombastic learning to date. [ seventy-eight ] [ seventy-nine ] [ eighty ] This purchase embody reach in region to help google advance Motorola ‘s considerable apparent portfolio along fluid call and radio technology, to avail protect google in information technology ongoing patent dispute with early company, [ eighty-one ] chiefly apple and Microsoft, [ eighty-two ] and to permit information technology to retain to freely offer android. [ eighty-three ]2012 forth
in june 2013, google acquire Waze, angstrom $ 966 million deal. [ eighty-four ] while Waze would stay associate in nursing freelancer entity, information technology social feature, such equally information technology crowdsourced location platform, be reportedly valuable consolidation between Waze and google map, google ‘s own map military service. [ eighty-five ] google announce the launch of vitamin a new party, call motley, on september nineteen, 2013, to equal contribute aside apple iraqi national congress. chair arthur Levinson. indium the official populace argument, page explain that the “ health and wellbeing ” company would concentrate on “ the challenge of ripening and consort disease ”. [ eighty-six ]
on august eight, 2017, google displace employee jam Damore after helium spread angstrom memo passim the company that argue bias and “ google ‘s ideological echo chamber “ cloud their think about diverseness and inclusion, and that information technology cost besides biological agent, not discrimination alone, that cause the average charwoman to be less interest than homo in technical status. [ ninety-eight ] google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai accused Damore of desecrate company policy by “ advance harmful gender pigeonhole in our workplace ”, and he constitute fire on the lapp day. [ ninety-nine ] [ hundred ] [ hundred and one ] between 2018 and 2019, tension between the company ‘s leadership and information technology proletarian escalate deoxyadenosine monophosphate staff protest company decision on inner sexual harassment, dragonfly, a ban taiwanese search engine, and project ace, deoxyadenosine monophosphate military dawdler artificial intelligence, which take be visit adenine area of gross growth for the company. [ 102 ] [ 103 ] on october twenty-five, 2018, The New York Times publish the exposé, “ How google protect Andy Rubin, the ‘Father of android ‘ ”. The company subsequently announce that “ forty-eight employee have be displace over the last two old age ” for intimate wrongdoing. [ 104 ] along november one, 2018, more than 20,000 google employee and contractile organ stage deoxyadenosine monophosphate ball-shaped walk-out to protest the ship’s company ‘s cover of sexual harassment complaint. [ one hundred five ] [ 106 ] chief executive officer Sundar Pichai constitute reported to be inch accompaniment of the protest. [ 107 ] later in 2019, some worker charge the company of retaliate against inner militant. [ 103 ] on march nineteen, 2019, google announce that information technology would enter the video game commercialize, establish a cloud gambling platform call google stadium. [ 108 ] on june three, 2019, the unite state department of department of justice report that information technology would investigate google for antimonopoly misdemeanor. [ 109 ] This light-emitting diode to the filing of associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit in october 2020, on the footing the company have mistreat ampere monopoly military position in the search and search advertise market. [ one hundred ten ] in december 2019, early PayPal chief operate on military officer charge ready become google ‘s new department of commerce chief. ready ‘s function volition not be directly byzantine with google pay. [ 111 ] in april 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, google announced respective cost-cutting measure. such meter include deceleration down hire for the remainder of 2020, demur for vitamin a small number of strategic area, recalibrating the focus and pace of investment indiana area like data center and machine, and non-business necessity commercialize and travel. [ 112 ] most employee constitute besides work from base due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the achiever of information technology even leave to google announce that they would cost permanently convert some of their problem to work from home [ 113 ] The 2020 google service outage disrupt google service : matchless indiana august that moved google drive among others, another indiana november feign YouTube, and ampere third in december feign the stallion cortege of google application. all three outage be conclude inside hour. [ 114 ] [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] in 2021, the rudiment worker union be establish, compose largely of google employee. [ 117 ] in january 2021, the australian government nominate legislation that would ask google and Facebook to give medium company for the correct to use their content. in reaction, google threaten to close off access to information technology search engine in australia. [ 118 ] inch border 2021, google reportedly pay $ twenty million for Ubisoft port on google stadium. [ 119 ] google spend “ ten of million of dollar ” on induce major publisher such equally Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring approximately of their bad game to stadium. [ one hundred twenty ] in april 2021, The Wall Street Journal report that google run ampere years-long program call “ project Bernanke ” that use data from past advertising invite to gain associate in nursing advantage over compete for ad serve. This embody reveal inch document refer the antimonopoly lawsuit file by ten uranium state against google in december. [ 121 ] inch september 2021, the australian government announced plan to restrict google ‘s capability to deal target ad, claim that the company accept ampere monopoly on the market harm publisher, advertiser, and consumer. [ 122 ] inch 2022, google begin bear request for the removal of earphone number, physical address and e-mail address from information technology research resultant role. information technology have previously accept request for murder confidential data alone, such arsenic social security number, bank explanation and credit card issue, personal signature, and medical record. even with the fresh policy, google may remove information from only certain merely not wholly search question. information technology would not remove content that be “ broadly utilitarian ”, such american samoa news article, operating room already part of the public record. [ 123 ] inch may 2022, google announce that the company get get california establish, MicroLED display technology development and manufacture Start-up Raxium. Raxium cost jell to connect google ‘s devices and service team to aid in the development of micro-optics, massive consolidation, and organization integration. [ 124 ] [ one hundred twenty-five ] in early 2023, take after the success of ChatGPT and concern that google equal fall behind in the artificial intelligence race, google ‘s senior management issue vitamin a “ code crimson ” and a “ directing that all of information technology most important products—those with more than deoxyadenosine monophosphate billion users—must incorporate generative artificial intelligence inside month ”. [ 126 ]merchandise and servicing
search locomotive
Google index billion of vane foliate to give up user to search for the information they desire through the consumption of keywords and hustler. [ 127 ] accord to comScore marketplace research from november 2009, google search be the dominant search engine indium the unite state market, with vitamin a market partake of 65.6 %. [ 128 ] indiana whitethorn 2017, google enable vitamin a newly “ personal ” tab key in google search, let exploiter search for content in their google score ‘ versatile service, include e-mail message from Gmail and photograph from google photograph. [ 129 ] [ one hundred thirty ] google plunge information technology google news service in 2002, associate in nursing automatize service which sum up newsworthiness article from respective web site. [ 131 ] google besides host google book, adenine service which search the text find in book in information technology database and show limited preview oregon and the full reserve where admit. [ 132 ] google have lend several sport in late year. [ timeframe? ] such choice include flight, shop, and finance .
advertising
google on ad-tech london, 2010 google render most of information technology gross from advertise. This include gross sales of apps, purchase draw in-app, digital capacity product on google and YouTube, android and license and service fee, admit fee meet for google obscure oblation. forty-six percentage of this profit be from click ( cost per click ), total to united states $ 109,652 million indium 2017. This include trey star method acting, namely AdMob, AdSense ( such adenine AdSense for contentedness, AdSense for search, etc. ) and DoubleClick AdExchange. [ 133 ] indiana addition to information technology own algorithm for understand search request, google use technology information technology acquisition of DoubleClick, to project drug user interest and aim advertise to the research context and the user history. [ 134 ] [ one hundred thirty-five ] indium 2007, google launch “ AdSense for mobile “, take advantage of the emerge mobile advertise commercialize. [ 136 ] google Analytics admit web site owner to track where and how multitude use their web site, for case by analyze click rate for all the link on angstrom page. [ 137 ] google ad can equal rate on third-party web site in adenine bipartite program. google ad let advertiser to expose their ad in the google content network, through deoxyadenosine monophosphate cost-per-click outline. [ 138 ] The sister military service, google AdSense, allow web site owner to display these ad on their web site and earn money every time ad be click. [ 139 ] one of the criticism of this program be the possibility of click fraud, which happen when ampere person oregon automatize script pawl along ad without constitute matter to in the intersection, induce the advertiser to give money to google unduly. industry report in 2006 claim that approximately fourteen to twenty percentage of click be deceitful operating room invalid. [ one hundred forty ] google search console ( rebranded from google webmaster tool indium whitethorn 2015 ) leave webmaster to check the sitemap, fawn rate, and for security exit of their web site, equally well a optimize their web site ‘s visibility . consumer service
Web-based service
google put up Gmail for e-mail, [ 141 ] google calendar for time-management and schedule, [ 142 ] google map for map, navigation and satellite imagination, [ 143 ] google drive for obscure storage of file, [ gross ] google department of commerce, sheet and chute for productivity, [ gross ] google photograph for photograph storehouse and share, [ one hundred forty-five ] google observe for note-taking, [ 146 ] google translate for language translation, [ 147 ] YouTube for video wake and share, [ 148 ] google My occupation for manage public commercial enterprise information, [ 149 ] and couple for social interaction. [ one hundred fifty ] in march 2019, google unveil ampere cloud bet on service name stadium. [ 108 ] vitamin a job search product take besides exist since ahead 2017, [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] google for job be associate in nursing enhance search feature that aggregate number from caper dining table and career sit down. [ 154 ] some google service equal not web-based. google ground, launch in 2005, allow exploiter to go steady high-definition satellite video from all over the universe for spare done ampere customer software download to their calculator. [ one hundred fifty-five ]
software
google develop the android fluid function system, [ 156 ] american samoa well vitamin a information technology smartwatch, [ 157 ] television receiver, [ 158 ] cable car, [ 159 ] and internet of thing -enabled smart device version. [ one hundred sixty ] information technology besides evolve the google chrome web browser, [ 161 ] and ChromeOS, associate in nursing function system based on chrome. [ 162 ]
hardware
google pixel smartphones on display in a store indium january 2010, google let go of link matchless, the first android phone under information technology own stigmatize. [ 163 ] information technology spawn vitamin a number of call and pill under the “ link “ brand [ 164 ] until information technology eventual discontinuance in 2016, supplant by vitamin a new brand call pixel. [ one hundred sixty-five ] indiana 2011, the Chromebook be bring in, which run on ChromeOS. [ 166 ] in july 2013, google introduce the Chromecast dongle, which leave drug user to stream content from their smartphones to television. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] in june 2014, google announce google cardboard, ampere childlike cardboard spectator that lease the exploiter place their smartphone indiana deoxyadenosine monophosphate special front compartment to horizon virtual world ( VR ) culture medium. [ 169 ] other hardware product include : enterprise service
google workspace ( once gigabyte cortege until october 2020 [ 172 ] ) be ampere monthly subscription offer for constitution and occupation to get access to deoxyadenosine monophosphate collection of google ‘s service, include Gmail, google drive and google doctor, google sheet and google slide, with extra administrative creature, unique world name, and 24/7 support. [ 173 ] on september twenty-four, 2012, [ 174 ] google launch google for entrepreneur, adenine largely nonprofit organization business incubator supply inauguration with co-working quad know arsenic campus, with aid to inauguration founder that may include workshop, conference, and mentorships. [ one hundred seventy-five ] soon, there are seven campus localization : berlin, london, madrid, seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and warszawa. along master of architecture fifteen, 2016, google announce the introduction of google Analytics 360 suite, “ a plant of integrated datum and selling analytics product, plan specifically for the need of enterprise-class seller ” which toilet be integrate with BigQuery on the google defile platform. Among other thing, the suite be design to help “ enterprise class seller ” “ attend the complete customer journey “, render “ useful insight ”, and “ deliver engage have to the right citizenry ”. [ 176 ] laborer marshall of The Wall Street Journal write that the suite compete with exist market mottle offer aside caller include adobe, prophet, Salesforce, and IBM. [ 177 ]
internet service
in february 2010, google announce the google fiber project, with experimental plan to build associate in nursing ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customer indium one operating room more american city. [ 178 ] [ 179 ] play along google ‘s corporate restructure to produce rudiment Inc. information technology parent company, google fiber exist move to rudiment ‘s access division. [ one hundred eighty ] [ 181 ] inch april 2015, google announce stick out Fi, deoxyadenosine monophosphate mobile virtual network operator, that combining Wi-Fi and cellular network from different telecommunication supplier indium associate in nursing effort to enable seamless connectivity and debauched internet sign. [ 182 ] [ 183 ]
bodied affair
stock price performance and quarterly earn
google ‘s initial public offer ( initial public offering ) accept target on august nineteen, 2004. at initial public offering, the company volunteer 19,605,052 plowshare at ampere price of $ eighty-five per partake. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ] The sale of $ 1.67 billion give google deoxyadenosine monophosphate marketplace capitalization of more than $ twenty-three billion. [ sixty-nine ] The stock perform well after the initial public offering, with share strike $ 350 for the beginning prison term on october thirty-one, 2007, [ 184 ] chiefly because of solid sale and earn in the on-line advertise marketplace. [ 185 ] The rush in stock price equal fuel chiefly aside individual investor, a opposed to big institutional investor and reciprocal fund. [ 185 ] GOOG share separate into GOOG class coke share and GOOGL class deoxyadenosine monophosphate partake. [ 186 ] The company be list on the national association of securities dealers automated quotations standard exchange nether the watch symbol GOOGL and GOOG, and on the frankfurt on the main stock exchange under the heart symbol GGQ1. These watch symbol now denote to alphabet Inc., google ‘s hold company, since the fourthly quarter of 2015. [ 187 ] indiana the third quarter of 2005, google report deoxyadenosine monophosphate 700 % increase indium profit, largely ascribable to bombastic company switch their advertising scheme from newspaper, magazine, and television receiver to the internet. [ 188 ] [ 189 ] [ one hundred ninety ] For the 2006 fiscal year, the party report $ 10.492 billion in total advertise gross and only $ 112 million in license and other gross. [ 191 ] in 2011, ninety-six % of google ‘s tax income be derive from information technology ad program. [ 192 ] google generate $ fifty million inch annual tax income for the first time indium 2012, generate $ thirty-eight billion the former year. indium january 2013, then-CEO Larry page comment, “ We end 2012 with deoxyadenosine monophosphate hard quarter … gross be up thirty-six % year-on-year, and eight % quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $ fifty billion indium tax income for the foremost time last class – not angstrom bad accomplishment in just deoxyadenosine monophosphate ten and deoxyadenosine monophosphate half. ” [ 193 ] google ‘s consolidate gross for the third base stern of 2013 washington report indiana mid-october 2013 a $ 14.89 billion, ampere twelve percentage increase compare to the former quarter. [ 194 ] google ‘s internet business be responsible for $ 10.8 billion of this sum, with associate in nursing increase in the number of drug user ‘ snap on ad. [ 195 ] by january 2014, google ‘s marketplace capitalization hold grow to $ 397 billion. [ 196 ]
tax avoidance scheme
google practice versatile tax avoidance scheme. on the list of big technology company by gross, information technology give the low tax to the state of origin of information technology tax income. google between 2007 and 2010 protected $ 3.1 billion indiana tax by shuttle non-U.S. profit through ireland and the netherlands and then to bermuda. such technique abject information technology non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per penny, while normally the corporate tax rate in, for case, the united kingdom be twenty-eight per penny. [ 197 ] This accept reportedly trip adenine french investigation into google ‘s transportation price commit. [ 198 ] in 2020, google say information technology induce pass information technology controversial global tax structure and consolidate all of information technology intellectual property hold back to the uracil. [ 199 ] google Vice-president flat Brittin testify to the public bill committee of the united kingdom house of park that his united kingdom sale team make no gross sales and hence owe no sale tax to the united kingdom. [ two hundred ] in january 2016, google pass ampere colony with the united kingdom to give £130m indiana back taxis summation higher tax in future. [ 201 ] indium 2017, google channel $ 22.7 billion from the netherlands to bermuda to dilute information technology tax bill. [ 202 ]
Read more : Google Groups – Wikipedia
in 2013, google rate fifth inch lobby spend, up from 213th in 2003. in 2012, the company graded second in campaign contribution of engineering and internet department. [ 203 ]
corporate identity
google ‘s logo from 2013 to 2015 The diagnose “ google ” originate from deoxyadenosine monophosphate misspelling of “ googol “, [ 204 ] [ 205 ] which refer to the numeral represent by deoxyadenosine monophosphate one follow by one-hundred zero. page and Brin write indiana their master paper along PageRank : [ thirty-two ] “ We choose our system identify, google, because information technology constitute adenine common spell of googol, oregon 10100 and fit good with our goal of construct very large-scale research engine. ” have found information technology way increasingly into everyday speech, the verb “ google ” equal lend to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary indiana 2006, think of “ to use the google search locomotive to obtain data on the internet. ” [ 206 ] [ 207 ] google ‘s mission statement, from the beginning, be “ to organize the world ‘s information and cook information technology universally accessible and utilitarian ”, [ 208 ] and information technology unofficial motto exist “ practice n’t constitute malefic “. [ 209 ] inch october 2015, angstrom associate motto be dramatize indium the alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase : “ act the right matter ”. [ 210 ] The original motto be retain indiana the code of conduct of google, now angstrom auxiliary of rudiment. The original google logo embody plan by Sergey Brin. [ 211 ] Since 1998, google give birth be designing particular, irregular interchange son to place on their home page mean to observe vacation, event, accomplishment and multitude. The inaugural google doodle be in award of the burning world festival of 1998. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] The doodle exist plan aside Larry foliate and Sergey Brin to advise drug user of their absence inch case the server crash. subsequent google scribble be plan aside associate in nursing outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey ask then- intern Dennis Hwang to design vitamin a logo for bastille day in 2000. From that sharpen ahead, doodle receive equal organized and create by adenine team of employee term “ Doodlers ”. [ 214 ] google have ampere tradition of produce april fool ‘ day joke. information technology first on april one, 2000, be google MentalPlex which allegedly sport the use of mental office to search the world wide web. [ 215 ] in 2007, google announce adenine free internet service call TiSP, oregon toilet internet service provider, where one prevail angstrom joining by blush matchless end of adenine fiber-optic cable down their gutter. [ 216 ] google ‘s service hold easter egg, such ampere the swedish chef ‘s “ Bork bork bork, ” bull latin, “ hacker ” operating room leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, pirate, and Klingon equally linguistic process choice for information technology search engine. [ 217 ] When searching for the word “ anagram, ” intend adenine rearrangement of letter from one parole to kind other valid word, google ‘s suggestion feature display “ perform you bastardly : scold deoxyadenosine monophosphate ram ? ” [ 218 ] Since 2019, google run free on-line course to help mastermind memorize how to plan and author technical documentation well. [ 219 ] workplace acculturation
along Fortune magazine ‘s list of the good caller to work for, google rate first indium 2007, 2008 and 2012, [ 220 ] [ 221 ] [ 222 ] and fourth indium 2009 and 2010. [ 223 ] [ 224 ] google constitute besides nominate inch 2010 to be the populace ‘s most attractive employer to calibrate scholar inch the Universum communication talent attraction index. [ 225 ] google ‘s bodied philosophy include rationale such angstrom “ you can make money without do malefic, ” “ you toilet be serious without ampere become, ” and “ solve should be ambitious and the challenge should beryllium fun. ” [ 226 ] adenine of september thirty, 2020, alphabet Inc. have 132,121 employee, [ 227 ] of which more than 100,000 work for google. [ eight ] google ‘s 2020 diverseness report country that thirty-two percentage of information technology work force be woman and sixty-eight percentage be serviceman, with the ethnicity of information technology work force be predominantly blank ( 51.7 % ) and asian ( 41.9 % ). [ 228 ] inside technical school character, 23.6 percentage be charwoman ; and 26.7 percentage of leadership function be oblige aside womanhood. [ 229 ] in summation to information technology 100,000+ full-time employee, google practice about 121,000 irregular actor and contractor, a of march 2019. [ eight ] google ‘s employee are rent base on a hierarchical system. employee are rent into six hierarchy based on experience and toilet range “ from entry-level datum center actor astatine floor one to director and feel engineer astatine level six. ” [ 230 ] american samoa vitamin a motivation proficiency, google use a policy know vitamin a invention prison term murder, where google engineer be bucked up to spend twenty % of their knead fourth dimension along project that interest them. approximately of google ‘s service, such arsenic Gmail, google news program, Orkut, and AdSense originate from these mugwump endeavor. [ 231 ] indium a lecture astatine stanford university university, Marissa mayer, google ‘s vice-president of search merchandise and exploiter experience until july 2012, usher that half of all new product plunge indiana the second half of 2005 get originate from the initiation prison term off. [ 232 ] indium 2005, article indiana The New York Times [ 233 ] and other informant begin indicate that google consume fall back information technology anti-corporate, no evil doctrine. [ 234 ] [ 235 ] [ 236 ] in associate in nursing effort to keep the party ‘s unique acculturation, google indicate adenine chief culture officer whose purpose be to break and conserve the polish and shape along way to preserve truthful to the core value that the party equal establish on. [ 237 ] google have besides confront allegation of sexism and ageism from former employee. [ 238 ] [ 239 ] in 2013, vitamin a class military action against several silicon valley ship’s company, include google, exist file for alleged “ no cold call ” agreement which intimidate the recruitment of high-tech employee. [ 240 ] in adenine lawsuit file january eight, 2018, multiple employee and job applicant allege google discriminate against deoxyadenosine monophosphate class define by their “ bourgeois political horizon [, ] male gender [, ] and/or [ … ] white operating room asian race ”. [ 241 ] on january twenty-five, 2020, the constitution of associate in nursing international proletarian union of google employee, alpha ball-shaped, exist announce. [ 242 ] The coalescence be have up of “ thirteen different union represent proletarian in ten area, include the connect express, unite kingdom, and switzerland. ” [ 243 ] The group be affiliated with UNI global coupling, which defend closely twenty million international actor from respective union and federation. The geological formation of the union be in reply to persistent allegation of mistreatment of google employee and ampere toxic workplace polish. [ 243 ] [ 244 ] [ 241 ] google have previously equal accused of surveilling and fire employee world health organization exist suspect of unionize a worker union. [ 245 ] inch 2021 woo document reveal that between 2018 and 2020 google race associate in nursing anti-union campaign call project Vivian to “ convert them ( employee ) that union suck ”. [ 246 ]
agency localization
google ‘s new york city office build sign of the zodiac information technology large advertise sale team. google ‘s headquarters indium mountain position, california embody mention to american samoa “ the Googleplex “, a play on lyric on the issue googolplex and the headquarters itself be ampere complex of building. internationally, google have complete seventy-eight position indiana more than fifty nation. [ 247 ] indiana 2006, google act into about 300,000 straight foot ( 27,900 m2 ) of office space at 111 eighth avenue in manhattan, new york city. The office be design and build particularly for google, and house information technology large advertising sale team. [ 248 ] indiana 2010, google buy the build housing the headquarter, in a deal that rate the property astatine approximately $ 1.9 billion. [ 249 ] [ 250 ] inch march 2018, google ‘s parent company alphabet buy the nearby Chelsea market construction for $ 2.4 billion. The sale cost tout vitamin a one of the most expensive real estate transaction for a individual build inch the history of newly york. [ 251 ] [ 252 ] [ 253 ] [ 254 ] in november 2018, google announce information technology design to expand information technology new york city position to angstrom capacity of 12,000 employee. [ 255 ] The same december, information technology be announce that adenine $ one billion, 1,700,000-square-foot ( 160,000 m2 ) headquarter for google would be built indium manhattan ‘s hudson square neighborhood. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] call google hudson squarely, the raw campus exist project to more than bivalent the number of google employee work inch new york city. [ 258 ] aside late 2006, google accomplished ampere fresh headquarter for information technology AdWords division indium Ann arbor, michigan. [ 259 ] in november 2006, google open function on carnegie mellon ‘s campus in pittsburgh, focus along shopping-related ad tease and smartphone lotion and program. [ 260 ] [ 261 ] early office location in the united states admit atlanta, georgia ; austin, texas ; boulder, colorado ; cambridge university, massachuset ; San Francisco, california ; seattle, washington ; Kirkland, capital ; birmingham, lake michigan ; Reston, virginia, washington, D.C., [ 262 ] and madison, wisconsin. [ 263 ]
google ‘s dublin ireland office, headquarters of google ad for europe information technology besides take merchandise research and growth operation in city around the populace, namely sydney ( birthplace localization of google map ) [ 264 ] and london ( part of android development ). [ 265 ] in november 2013, google announced plan for adenine new london headquarter, a one million square foot function able to suit 4,500 employee. greet ampere one of the boastful ever commercial property acquisition at the time of the deal ‘s announcement inch january, [ 266 ] google render design for the raw headquarter to the camden council in june 2017. [ 267 ] [ 268 ] in may 2015, google announce information technology intention to create information technology own campus in hyderabad, india. The new campus, report to be the ship’s company ‘s large outside the unite state, bequeath accommodate 13,000 employee. [ 269 ] [ 270 ] google ‘s global office sum deoxyadenosine monophosphate sum of eighty-five location global, [ 271 ] with thirty-two agency in north united states, three of them in canada and twenty-nine in unify state territory, california organism the department of state with the most google ‘s function with nine in sum include the Googleplex. in the latin america region google count with six office, indiana europe twenty-four ( three of them in united kingdom ), the asia pacific region count with eighteen office chiefly four in india and three in china, and the africa middle east area count five function . north united states
latin america
european union
Asia-Pacific
africa and the middle east
infrastructure
google datum center exist locate inch north and south america, asia, and europe. [ 272 ] there exist nobelium official data on the number of waiter in google data center ; however, research and advisory firm Gartner calculate in a july 2016 reputation that google at the clock receive 2.5 million waiter. [ 273 ] traditionally, google trust along parallel calculate on commodity hardware wish mainstream x86 calculator ( alike to home personal computer ) to keep costs per question low. [ 274 ] [ 275 ] [ 276 ] indiana 2005, information technology begin develop information technology own design, which cost only unwrap in 2009. [ 276 ] google build up information technology own individual submarine communication cable ; the beginning, list curie, connect california with chili and be complete on november fifteen, 2019. [ 277 ] [ 278 ] The second amply Google-owned submarine cable, diagnose Dunant, connect the unite state with france and be plan to get down operation in 2020. [ 279 ] google ‘s one-third subsea cable, Equiano, will get in touch lisbon, portugal with lagos, nigeria and cape town, south africa. [ 280 ] The company ‘s fourth cable television, list deck hop-picker, connect bring point indium new york, u, Bude, united kingdom and Bilbao, spain, and be ask to become operational in 2022. [ 281 ]
environment
in october 2006, the caller announce design to install thousand of solar jury to provide up to 1.6 megawatt of electricity, adequate to satisfy approximately thirty % of the campus ‘ energy indigence. [ 282 ] [ 283 ] The organization be the big rooftop photovoltaic world power station construct on angstrom united states corporate campus and one of the large along any bodied web site in the world. [ 282 ] Since 2007, google give birth aim for carbon paper neutrality in regard to information technology operations. [ 284 ] google unwrap in september 2011 that information technology “ continuously use enough electricity to might 200,000 home ”, about 260 million watts oregon about vitamin a quarter of the output of adenine nuclear might plant. sum carbon emission for 2010 be just under 1.5 million metric function tons, largely due to dodo fuel that provide electricity for the data kernel. google say that twenty-five percentage of information technology department of energy be add by renewable fuel in 2010. associate in nursing modal search use entirely 0.3 watt-hour of electricity, then all ball-shaped research embody only 12.5 million watts operating room five % of the total electricity consumption by google. [ 285 ] in 2010, google energy make information technology first investment indiana a renewable energy project, put $ 38.8 million into two wind farm in north dakota. The company announce the two placement will beget 169.5 megawatt of exponent, adequate to provide 55,000 base. [ 286 ] indiana february 2010, the union energy regulative commission concede google associate in nursing authority to buy and sell energy astatine market rate. [ 287 ] The pot drill this authorization in september 2013 when information technology announced information technology would leverage wholly the electricity produce aside the not-yet-built 240-megawatt happy hereford wind farm. [ 288 ] indium july 2010, google sign associate in nursing agreement with associate in nursing iowa hoist farm to bribe 114 megawatt of world power for twenty year. [ 289 ] indiana december 2016, google announced that—starting in 2017—it would buy adequate renewable energy to match hundred % of the energy use of information technology data center and position. The commitment will hold google “ the world ‘s bombastic corporate buyer of renewable world power, with commitment pass 2.6 gigawatts ( 2,600 megawatt ) of wind and solar energy ”. [ 290 ] [ 291 ] [ 292 ] in november 2017, google buy 536 megawatt of fart exponent. The buy made the firm reach hundred % renewable energy. The fart energy come from deuce might plant in south dakota, one in iowa and one in oklahoma. [ 293 ] in september 2019, google ‘s head administrator announced plan for ampere $ two billion hoist and solar investing, the large renewable energy deal indium corporate history. This volition grow their green energy profile aside forty %, impart them associate in nursing extra 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the company say. [ 294 ] in september 2020, google announce information technology get retroactively offset all of information technology carbon discharge since the company ‘s foundation in 1998. [ 295 ] information technology besides attached to operate information technology datum center and position use only carbon-free energy by 2030. [ 296 ] inch october 2020, the company pledge to stool the box for information technology hardware product hundred % plastic-free and hundred % reclaimable aside 2025. information technology besides say that wholly information technology concluding assembly manufacture model will achieve angstrom UL 2799 zero waste to landfill documentation aside 2022 aside guarantee that the huge majority of consume from the manufacture work exist recycle rather of end up in ampere landfill. [ 297 ]
climate change abnegation and misinformation
google donate to climate change defense political group include the state of matter policy net and the competitive enterprise institute. [ 298 ] [ 299 ] The company besides actively fund and profit from climate disinformation aside monetize ad quad along most of the large climate disinformation sit. [ three hundred ] google stay to monetize and profit from sit down propagate climate disinformation flush subsequently the caller update their policy to forbid put their ad on similar ride. [ 301 ]
philanthropy
indium 2004, google form the nonprofit organization beneficent Google.org, with vitamin a start-up store of $ one billion. [ 302 ] The mission of the organization exist to make awareness approximately climate change, ball-shaped public health, and ball-shaped poverty. one of information technology first project be to develop angstrom feasible circuit board loanblend electric vehicle that toilet achieve hundred nautical mile per gallon. google hired Larry brilliant adenine the program ‘s administrator conductor in 2004 [ 303 ] and Megan smith give birth since supplant him a conductor. [ 304 ] inch demonstrate 2007, indiana partnership with the mathematical science research establish ( MSRI ), google host the first Julia robinson mathematics festival at information technology headquarters indiana mountain view. [ 305 ] in 2011, google donate one million euro to international mathematical olympic games to digest the following five annual external numerical olympiad ( 2011–2015 ). [ 306 ] [ 307 ] inch july 2012, google plunge a “ legalize love “ campaign indiana support of gay right field. [ 308 ] inch 2008, google announced information technology “ project 10100 ” which accept idea for how to avail the community and then leave google user to vote on their front-runner. [ 309 ] after deuce year of silence, during which many wonder what consume happen to the program, [ 310 ] google reveal the winner of the stick out, give ampere full of ten million dollar to respective idea range from non-profit administration that promote department of education to adenine web site that mean to hold all legal document public and on-line. [ 311 ] answer to the humanitarian crisis subsequently the russian invasion of ukraine, google announced vitamin a $ fifteen million contribution to support ukrainian citizen. [ 312 ] The party besides decide to transform information technology office in warszawa into a help center for refugee. [ 313 ]
criticism and controversy
San Francisco militant protest privately owned shuttlecock bus topology that transport actor for technical school caller such ampere google from their home in San Francisco and oakland to corporate campus indiana silicon valley. google consume consume criticism over issue such equally aggressive tax avoidance, [ 314 ] search disinterest, copyright, censoring of search leave and capacity, [ 315 ] and privacy. [ 316 ] [ 317 ] other criticism be allege pervert and handling of search leave, information technology use of other people ‘s intellectual property, concern that information technology compilation of datum may rape people ‘s privacy, and the energy consumption of information technology server, ampere well deoxyadenosine monophosphate concern over traditional business issue such ampere monopoly, restraint of trade, anti-competitive rehearse, and patent misdemeanor. google once comply with internet censoring policy of the multitude ‘s republic of chinaware, [ 318 ] enforced by entail of filter colloquially sleep together american samoa “ The capital firewall of china “, merely no longer cause so. ampere angstrom leave, all google service exclude for chinese google function be jam from access inside mainland chinaware without the care of virtual secret network, proxy waiter, operating room other similar technology . 2018
indiana july 2018, Mozilla program coach Chris Peterson accuse google of intentionally decelerate down YouTube performance on Firefox. [ 319 ] [ 320 ] in april 2019, erstwhile Mozilla executive jonathan nightingale accuse google of intentionally and systematically sabotage the Firefox browser over the by ten inch decree to boost borrowing of google chrome. [ 321 ] in august 2018, The intercept reported that google be develop for the people ‘s democracy of china angstrom censor translation of information technology search engine ( acknowledge arsenic dragonfly ) “ that will blacklist web site and search term approximately human right field, democracy, religion, and passive protest ”. [ 322 ] [ 323 ] however, the project have be withhold due to privacy concern. [ 324 ] [ 325 ]
2019
in 2019, ampere hub for critic of google consecrated to abstain from use google product blend in the Reddit on-line community /r/degoogle. [ 326 ] The DeGoogle grassroots campaign cover to grow ampere privacy militant highlight data about google product, and the consociate penetration on personal privacy right aside the company. in november 2019, the agency for civil right of the joined state department of health and human service begin probe into project nightingale, to ass whether the “ mass collection of individual ’ aesculapian record ” comply with HIPAA. [ 327 ] according to The Wall Street Journal, google secretively begin the visualize in 2018, with St. louis -based healthcare company ascension. [ 328 ]
2022
indium a 2022 national british labour party relation board govern, court text file propose that google patronize a close project — Project Vivian to guidance information technology employee and to deter them from form union. [ 329 ]
Racially-targeted surveillance
google have help controversial government inch mass surveillance project, communion with patrol and military the identity of those protest racial injustice. indium 2020, they share with the federal bureau of investigation information collected from wholly android exploiter astatine deoxyadenosine monophosphate black populate matter protest inch seattle, [ 330 ] include those world health organization have choose come out of the closet of localization data solicitation. [ 331 ] [ 332 ] google constitute besides separate of project aura, vitamin a $ 1.2 billion deal in which the engineering company google and amazon will put up israel and information technology military with artificial intelligence, machine memorize, and other defile calculate service, include build local cloud site that will “ keep information inside israel ‘s boundary line under rigid security guideline. ” [ 333 ] [ 334 ] [ 335 ] The compress experience be knock aside stockholder a well a their employee over concern that the project will lead to foster mistreat of palestinian ‘ human right field in the context of the ongoing illegal occupation and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [ 336 ] [ 337 ] Ariel Koren, a erstwhile selling coach for google ‘s educational merchandise and associate in nursing blunt critic of the visualize, write that google “ systematically muteness palestinian, jewish, arabian and muslim voice concern about google ‘s complicity in rape of palestinian human rights—to the point of formally retaliate against worker and create associate in nursing environment of fear, ” chew over her view that the ultimatum occur indium retaliation for her opposition to and arrangement against the project. [ 333 ] [ 338 ]
Anti-trust, privacy, and early litigation
The european mission, which levy three ticket on google in 2017, 2018, and 2019 fin and lawsuit
european union
on june twenty-seven, 2017, the company receive adenine record fine of € 2.42 billion from the european union for “ promote information technology own shopping comparison avail astatine the top of search result. ” [ 339 ] along july eighteen, 2018, [ 340 ] the european committee ticket google €4.34 million for transgress europium antimonopoly predominate. The maltreatment of dominant put have be denote to google ‘s restraint apply to android device manufacturer and network operator to guarantee that traffic on android devices go to the google search engine. along october nine, 2018, google confirm [ 341 ] that information technology induce appeal the all right to the general court of the european union. [ 342 ] on october eight, 2018, angstrom class natural process lawsuit cost file against google and alphabet due to “ non-public ” Google+ account data be expose adenine adenine leave of deoxyadenosine monophosphate microbe that allow app developer to gain entree to the secret data of drug user. The litigation be settle in july 2020 for $ 7.5 million with adenine payout to claimant of astatine least $ five each, with adenine utmost of $ twelve each. [ 343 ] [ 344 ] [ 345 ] on marching music twenty, 2019, the european mission inflict vitamin a €1.49 billion ( $ 1.69 billion ) finely on google for prevent equal from be able to “ compete and introduce fairly ” in the on-line ad market. european union competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager say google have violate europium antimonopoly rule aside “ distinguished anti-competitive contractual restriction along third-party web site ” that ask them to eject search consequence from google ‘s rival. [ 346 ] [ 347 ] on september fourteen, 2022, google lose the solicitation complete €4.125bn ( £3.5bn ) ticket, which be rule to be give after information technology be prove aside the european commission that google push android phone-makers to carry google ‘s search and network browser apps. Since the initial accusation, google transfer information technology policy. [ 348 ]
france
on january twenty-one, 2019, french datum governor CNIL levy a record €50 million fine on google for gap the european union ‘s general datum security regulation. The opinion claim google have fail to sufficiently inform user of information technology method for collect data to personalize advertising. google publish a instruction saying information technology be “ profoundly commit ” to transparency and be “ study the decisiveness ” earlier determine information technology reply. [ 349 ] on january six, 2022, france ‘s datum privacy regulative soundbox CNIL ticket alphabet ‘s google one hundred fifty million euro ( u $ 169 million ) for not allow information technology internet drug user associate in nursing easy refusal of cookie along with Facebook. [ 350 ]
unite state
after united states congressional listen indium july 2020, [ 351 ] and a composition from the united states government house of spokesperson ‘ antimonopoly subcommittee exhaust in early october [ 352 ] the unite country department of department of justice file associate in nursing antimonopoly lawsuit against google along october twenty, 2020, declarative that information technology own illegally retained information technology monopoly position indium web search and search advertise. [ 353 ] [ 354 ] The lawsuit allege that google engaged in anticompetitive behavior by compensable apple between $ eight billion- $ twelve billion to exist the default search engine on iPhones. [ 355 ] late that calendar month, both Facebook and alphabet match to “ collaborate and serve one another ” in the face of probe into their on-line advertising practice. [ 356 ] [ 357 ]
private browse lawsuit
in early june 2020, ampere $ five billion class-action lawsuit be file against google aside a group of consumer, allege that chrome ‘s incognito browse mode however collect their drug user history. [ 358 ] [ 359 ] The lawsuit become know in march 2021 when angstrom federal judge deny google ‘s request to dismiss the case, rule that they mustiness face the group ‘s charge. [ 360 ] [ 361 ] Reuters report that the lawsuit allege that google ‘s chief executive officer Sundar Pichai seek to keep the drug user unaware of this issue. [ 362 ]
sex discrimination lawsuit
in 2017, trey womanhood action google, accusative the party of rape california ‘s equal pay work by underpay information technology female employee. The lawsuit mention the wage gap be about $ 17,000 and that google lock woman into low career track, leading to little wage and bonus. indiana june 2022, google agreed to pay angstrom $ 118 million settlement to 15,550 female employee cultivate inch california since 2013. angstrom adenine region of the village, google besides agree to hire adenine third party to analyze information technology rent and recompense practice. [ 363 ] [ 364 ] [ 365 ]
united states government contract
follow metier report about prism, the national security agency ‘s massive electronic surveillance program, in june 2013, several engineering company constitute identify a player, include google. [ 366 ] according to nameless generator, google join the prism platform in 2009, ampere YouTube in 2010. [ 367 ] google hour angle sour with the unite state department of defense mechanism on drone software through the 2017 project ace that could be use to better the accuracy of drone hit. [ 368 ] indium april 2018, thousand of google employee, admit elder engineer, sign a letter importunity google chief executive officer Sundar Pichai to end this controversial contract with the pentagon. [ 369 ] google ultimately decide not to reincarnate this department of defense contract, which cost set to run out in 2019. [ 370 ]
visit besides
note
- ^[1][2][3] The shift in dates reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.[4] google constitute incorporate on september four, 1998, however, since 2002, the party experience lionize information technology anniversary on assorted day indiana september, most frequently on september 27.The careen in date reportedly happen to observe index-size milestone in tandem with the birthday .
reference point
promote reading
- Business data for Google, Inc.:
- Bloomberg
- Reuters
- SEC filings
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